The town of Colmar was founded in the 9th century. This was the place where Charles the Fat held a diet in 884. Colmar was granted the status of a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire in 1226. In the Thirty Years' War, the city was taken by the armies of Sweden in 1632, who held it for two years. The city was united with France in 1697. With the rest of Alsace, Colmar was ceded to Germany in 1871 as a result of the Franco-Prussian War. It was only reuni ...

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Colmar, Colmar - History, Colmar - Geography, Colmar - Culture, Colmar - Miscellaneous

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Including:

Colmar - History Colmar - Geography Colmar - Culture Colmar - Miscellaneous

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Abingdon is a market town in the Thames Valley in southern England and is one of several places which claim to be Britain's oldest continuously occupied town. Abingdon, Oxfordshire - History and economy. The site has been occupied from the early to middle Iron Age, and the remains of a late Iron Age defensive enclosure, or oppidum, underly the town centre. The oppidum was in use throughout the Roman occupation. William the Conqueror in 1084 celebrated Easter at Abingdon, and left his son, aft ...

Including:

Abingdon, Oxfordshire - History and economy Abingdon, Oxfordshire - Geography Abingdon, Oxfordshire - Sites of interest Abingdon, Oxfordshire - Culture and folklore Abingdon, Oxfordshire - Twinned towns

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The 2005 civil unrest in France and neighboring countries was a series of riots and other forms of violent clashes between gangs of youths (predominantly of immigration background) and the French Police (as well as the police of neighboring countries). The riots, occurring simultaneously in various poor suburbs of large cities, mainly involved the burning of cars and public buildings as well as consequent clashes with police. The riots began on Thursday 27 October 2005 in the banlieues of Paris. They peaked on the night ...

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2005 civil unrest in France - Timeline 2005 civil unrest in France - The event that triggered the riots 2005 civil unrest in France - Context 2005 civil unrest in France - Assessment of rioting
2005 civil unrest in France - Summary statistics 2005 civil unrest in France - Figures and tables 2005 civil unrest in France - List of areas affected 2005 civil unrest in France - Related events in other countries
2005 civil unrest in France - Response
2005 civil unrest in France - Political 2005 civil unrest in France - Police 2005 civil unrest in France - Media Coverage
2005 civil unrest in France - Aftermath 2005 civil unrest in France - Notes

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Abingdon is a market town in the Thames Valley in southern England and is one of several places which claim to be Britain's oldest continuously occupied town. Abingdon Oxfordshire - History and economy. The site has been occupied from the early to middle Iron Age, and the remains of a late Iron Age defensive enclosure, or oppidum, underly the town centre. The oppidum was in use throughout the Roman occupation. William the Conqueror in 1084 celebrated Easter at Abingdon, and left his son, afte ...

Including:

Abingdon Oxfordshire - History and economy Abingdon Oxfordshire - Geography Abingdon Oxfordshire - Sites of interest Abingdon Oxfordshire - Culture and folklore Abingdon Oxfordshire - Twinned towns
Abingdon Oxfordshire - Schools

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The Décapole (Zehnstädtebund in German) was an alliance of ten towns in Alsace, France in a league founded in 1354, and discontinued in 1679. In 1354 the Holy Roman Emporer Charles IV ratified the treaty uniting the towns of Haguenau, Colmar, Wissembourg, Turckheim, Obernai, Kaysersberg, Rosheim, Munster, Sélestat and Mulhouse. Haguenau became its capital while Strasbourg, another free town of the empire, remained outside of the alliance. In 1515, Mulhouse pulled out of the alliance in order to ally w ...

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1 See Languages section for regional languages 2 Whole territory of the French Republic, including all the overseas departments and territories, but excluding the French territory of Terre Adélie in Antarctica where sovereignty is suspended since the signing of the Antarctic Treaty in 1959 3 Metropolitan (i.e. European) France only 4 French National Geographic Institute data 5 French Land Register data, which exclude lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than ...

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France - Geography France - History France - Government and politics France - Military France - Administrative divisions France - Economy France - Demographics
France - Population France - Languages France - Cities
France - Culture
France - Marianne France - Religion
France - Terminology
France - Origin of the country's name France - Meanings of the name France
France - Miscellaneous topics France - International rankings France - Notes and references

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The Battle of the Frontiers was a series of battles fought along the eastern frontier of France and in southern Belgium shortly after the outbreak of the First World War. The battles represented a collision between the military strategies of the French Plan XVII and the German Schlieffen Plan. Plan XVII, which embodied the military doctrine of offensive à outrance (offensive to the limit), was a disaster and the French army suffered enormous casualties. The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) fought a relatively minor battle at ...

Including:

Battle of the Frontiers - Prelude Battle of the Frontiers - Alsace & Lorraine Battle of the Frontiers - Ardennes offensive Battle of the Frontiers - Charleroi & Mons Battle of the Frontiers - Aftermath

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Alsace (French: Alsace; Alsatian/German: Elsass) is one of the 26 régions of France. Originally part of the Holy Roman Empire and inhabited by people speaking a dialect of Upper German, Alsace gradually passed under French sovereignty in the course of the 17th century, and became one of the provinces of France. It is located on the eastern border of France, adjacent to Germany and Switzerland. Its capital and largest city is Strasbourg. Alsace - Geography. Alsace has an area of 8280 km ...

Including:

Alsace - Geography Alsace - History Alsace - Politics Alsace - Economy Alsace - Demographics Alsace - Transport
Alsace - The road network Alsace - The train network Alsace - The river network Alsace - Air traffic
Alsace - Religion Alsace - Culture
Alsace - Language Alsace - Cuisine Alsace - Architecture Alsace - Symbolism
Alsace - Tourism Alsace - Administration Alsace - Notable Alsatians

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François-Marie Arouet (November 21, 1694 – May 30, 1778), better known by the pen name Voltaire (also called The Dictator of Letters), was a French Enlightenment writer, essayist, deist and philosopher. Voltaire is well-known for his sharp wit, philosophical writings, and defense of civil liberties, including freedom of religion and the right to a fair trial. He was an outspoken supporter of social reform despite strict censorship laws in France and harsh penalties for those who broke them. A satirical polemist ...

Including:

Voltaire - Biography
Voltaire - Early Years Voltaire - Exile to England Voltaire - Return to Paris Voltaire - Cirey Voltaire - Frederick the Great Voltaire - Ferney
Voltaire - Works
Voltaire - Major works Voltaire - Plays Voltaire - Poetry Voltaire - Prose and romances Voltaire - Historical Voltaire - Philosophy Voltaire - Miscellaneous Voltaire - Correspondence
Voltaire - Legacy Voltaire - Quotations
Voltaire - Misattribution

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Assessments of the extent of violence and damage that occurred during the riots are under way. Figures may be incomplete or inaccurate. Some French media sources, including France 3, have decided not to report the extent of damage so as to avoid any risk of inflaming the situation. [37] After the first few days of rioting media organisations agreed to publish only the total number of torched cars, without giving locations, to avoid encouraging any type of contest between rioters. The French Federation of Insurance Companies (FFSA), has given ...

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2005 civil unrest in France, 2005 civil unrest in France - Timeline, 2005 civil unrest in France - The event that triggered the riots, 2005 civil unrest in France - Context, 2005 civil unrest in France - Assessment of rioting, 2005 civil unrest in France - Summary statistics, 2005 civil unrest in France - Figures and tables, 2005 civil unrest in France - List of areas affected, 2005 civil unrest in France - Related events in other countries, 2005 civil unrest in France - Response, 2005 civil unrest in France - Political, 2005 civil unrest in France - Police, 2005 civil unrest in France - Media Coverage, 2005 civil unrest in France - Aftermath, 2005 civil unrest in France - Notes

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Arrondissement of Colmar - Cantons. The cantons of Colmar are: Andolsheim Colmar-Nord Colmar-Sud Munster Neuf-Brisach Wintzenheim Arrondissement of Colmar - Communes. The communes of Colmar are: Algolsheim Andolsheim Appenwihr Artzenheim Balgau Baltzenheim Biesheim Bischwihr Colmar Dessenheim Durrenentzen See also:

Arrondissement of Colmar, Arrondissement of Colmar - Composition, Arrondissement of Colmar - Cantons, Arrondissement of Colmar - Communes

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French Army - CFAT. CFAT (Commandement de la Force d’Action Terrestre or Command of the Terrestrial Fighting Forces) commands the following 8 brigades interarmes ("interarm brigades"): 501e-503e Régiment de Chars de Combat (501e-503e RCC ) armoured Regiment in Mourmelon le Grand with 80 Leclerc 1er Régiment de Tirailleurs (1er RTir) mechanized Infantry Regiment in Epinal equipped with AMX-10P 1er Régiment d'Infanterie (1er RI) Infantry Regiment in Sarrebou ...

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French Army, French Army - Units, French Army - CFAT, French Army - CFLT, French Army - Other units, French Army - Units permanently deployed overseas, French Army - Training and Formation units, French Army - Signals and Electronic Warfare units, French Army - Commissary and Materials units, French Army - Miscellaneous, French Army - Equipment, French Army - Weapons, French Army - Combat vehicles, French Army - Artillery, French Army - Helicopters

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At the time of his arrest, Debs was not a Socialist. However, while jailed for mail obstruction, he read the works of Karl Marx and after his release in 1895, he started his socialist political career. The experience radicalized Debs still further. He was a candidate for President of the United States in 1900 as a member of the Social Democratic Party. He was later the Socialist Party of America candidate for President in 1904 ...

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Eugene V. Debs, Eugene V. Debs - Rise to prominence, Eugene V. Debs - Pullman Strike, Eugene V. Debs - Socialist leader, Eugene V. Debs - Return to prison, Eugene V. Debs - Recommended reading

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The site has been occupied from the early to middle Iron Age, and the remains of a late Iron Age defensive enclosure, or oppidum, underly the town centre. The oppidum was in use throughout the Roman occupation. William the Conqueror in 1084 celebrated Easter at Abingdon, and left his son, afterwards Henry I, to be educated at the abbey. The abbot seems to have held a market from very early times, and charters for the holding of markets and fairs were granted by various sovereigns from Edward I to George II. In the 13th and 14th centuries Abingdon was a flourishing agricultural centre with an extensive t ...

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Abingdon Oxfordshire, Abingdon Oxfordshire - History and economy, Abingdon Oxfordshire - Geography, Abingdon Oxfordshire - Sites of interest, Abingdon Oxfordshire - Culture and folklore, Abingdon Oxfordshire - Twinned towns, Abingdon Oxfordshire - Schools

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Archeological finds prove that the Eisenstadt area was already settled in the Hallstatt period. Celts and Romans settled somewhat later. At the time of migration different Germanic tribes and the Huns settled in the area. Around 800, in the reign of Charlemagne, settlement by the Bavarii began. Eisenstadt is first recorded in 1118 as "castrum ferrum". The first written mention took place 1264 as "minor Mortin" (mat ...

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Eisenstadt, Eisenstadt - Geography, Eisenstadt - History, Eisenstadt - Politics, Eisenstadt - Tourist sites, Eisenstadt - Museums, Eisenstadt - Religious edifices, Eisenstadt - Castles and palaces, Eisenstadt - Buildings, Eisenstadt - Sister cities, Eisenstadt - People, Eisenstadt - Natives, Eisenstadt - Other residents, Eisenstadt - The Eisenstadt family

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Main article: Administrative divisions of France Metropolitan (i.e. European) France is divided into 22 régions (although strictly speaking Corsica is in fact a territorial collectivity, not a région, but is referred to as a region in common speech), which are subdivided into 96 départements, which are further divided into 329 arrondissements, which are further divided into 3,879 cantons, which ...

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Geography of France, Geography of France - Location, Geography of France - Area, Geography of France - Boundaries, Geography of France - Internal Divisions, Geography of France - Climate, Geography of France - Terrain, Geography of France - Natural resources, Geography of France - Land use, Geography of France - Natural hazards, Geography of France - Environment, Geography of France - Cities and towns include, Geography of France - Picture from space, Geography of France - Extreme points

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Voltaire - Early Years. Voltaire's mother died when he was seven years old. At age nine, he was sent to the Jesuit Collège Louis-le-Grand, and remained there until 1711. Though he derided the education he had received, claiming he learned nothing other than "Latin and the stupidities," it formed the basis of his considerable knowledge and probably kindled his lifelong devotion to theater. When he graduated and returned home at the age of seventeen, Voltaire planned to start a career in writing, but his fa ...

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Voltaire, Voltaire - Biography, Voltaire - Early Years, Voltaire - Exile to England, Voltaire - Return to Paris, Voltaire - Cirey, Voltaire - Frederick the Great, Voltaire - Ferney, Voltaire - Works, Voltaire - Major works, Voltaire - Plays, Voltaire - Poetry, Voltaire - Prose and romances, Voltaire - Historical, Voltaire - Philosophy, Voltaire - Miscellaneous, Voltaire - Correspondence, Voltaire - Legacy, Voltaire - Quotations, Voltaire - Misattribution

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He was born at Asti in Piedmont. His father died when he was very young, and he was brought up by his mother, who married a second time, until, at the age of ten, he was placed in the academy of Turin. After a year at the academy, he went on a short visit to a relative at Coni. During his stay there he composed a sonnet chiefly borrowed from lines in Ariosto and Metastasio, the only poets he had at that time read. At thirteen, Alfieri began the study of civil and canonical law, but this only made him more interested in literature, particular ...

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Vittorio Alfieri, Vittorio Alfieri - Early life, Vittorio Alfieri - Literary career, Vittorio Alfieri - Character, Vittorio Alfieri - Contribution to Italian literature

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Ribeauvillé (in the 19th century know as Rappoltsweiler), was also known in the 8th century as Rathaldovilare, passed from the bishops of Basel to the lords of Rappoltstein, who were among the most famous nobles in Alsace. The lord of Rappoltstein was the king or protector of the wandering minstrels of the land, who purchased his protection by paying him a tax. When the family became extinct in 1673 this office of king of the pipers (Pfeiferkonig) passed to the counts palatine of Zweibrucken-Birkenfeld. The minstrels ha ...

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Ribeauvillé, Ribeauvillé - Geography, Ribeauvillé - History, Ribeauvillé - Sights, Ribeauvillé - External link

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