College of Cardinals

List of Cardinals by country - Austria. Christoph Schönborn OP Alfons Maria Stickler List of Cardinals by country - Belarus. Kazimierz Swiatek List of Cardinals by country - Belgium. Godfried Danneels List of Cardinals by country - Bosnia and Herzegovina. Vinko Puljić List of Cardinals by count ...

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List of Cardinals by country, List of Cardinals by country - Africa, List of Cardinals by country - Angola, List of Cardinals by country - Benin, List of Cardinals by country - Cameroon, List of Cardinals by country - Côte d'Ivoire, List of Cardinals by country - Democratic Republic of the Congo, List of Cardinals by country - Egypt, List of Cardinals by country - Ghana, List of Cardinals by country - Madagascar, List of Cardinals by country - Mauritius, List of Cardinals by country - Morocco, List of Cardinals by country - Mozambique, List of Cardinals by country - Nigeria, List of Cardinals by country - South Africa, List of Cardinals by country - Sudan, List of Cardinals by country - Tanzania, List of Cardinals by country - Uganda, List of Cardinals by country - Asia, List of Cardinals by country - India, List of Cardinals by country - Indonesia, List of Cardinals by country - Japan, List of Cardinals by country - Lebanon, List of Cardinals by country - Philippines, List of Cardinals by country - South Korea, List of Cardinals by country - Syria, List of Cardinals by country - Taiwan Republic of China, List of Cardinals by country - Thailand, List of Cardinals by country - Vietnam, List of Cardinals by country - Europe, List of Cardinals by country - Austria, List of Cardinals by country - Belarus, List of Cardinals by country - Belgium, List of Cardinals by country - Bosnia and Herzegovina, List of Cardinals by country - Croatia, List of Cardinals by country - Czech Republic, List of Cardinals by country - France, List of Cardinals by country - Germany, List of Cardinals by country - Hungary, List of Cardinals by country - Ireland, List of Cardinals by country - Italy, List of Cardinals by country - Latvia, List of Cardinals by country - Lithuania, List of Cardinals by country - Netherlands, List of Cardinals by country - Poland, List of Cardinals by country - Portugal, List of Cardinals by country - Slovakia, List of Cardinals by country - Spain, List of Cardinals by country - Switzerland, List of Cardinals by country - Ukraine, List of Cardinals by country - United Kingdom, List of Cardinals by country - Caribbean, List of Cardinals by country - Cuba, List of Cardinals by country - Dominican Republic, List of Cardinals by country - Puerto Rico, List of Cardinals by country - Central America, List of Cardinals by country - Guatemala, List of Cardinals by country - Honduras, List of Cardinals by country - Nicaragua, List of Cardinals by country - North America, List of Cardinals by country - Canada, List of Cardinals by country - Mexico, List of Cardinals by country - USA, List of Cardinals by country - South America, List of Cardinals by country - Argentina, List of Cardinals by country - Bolivia, List of Cardinals by country - Brazil, List of Cardinals by country - Chile, List of Cardinals by country - Colombia, List of Cardinals by country - Ecuador, List of Cardinals by country - Peru, List of Cardinals by country - Venezuela, List of Cardinals by country - Australia, List of Cardinals by country - New Zealand, List of Cardinals by country - Samoa

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In the canon law of the Catholic Church, sede vacante is the vacancy of the episcopal see of a particular church. It is Latin for "the seat being vacant" (the ablative absolute to sedes vacans "vacant seat"), referring to the cathedra of the particular church. This means that for a diocese the diocesan bishop has either died, resigned, transferred to a different diocese, or lost his office. If there is a coadjutor bishop for the church, then this period does not take place as a coadjuto ...

Including:

• Sede vacante - Vacancy of the Holy See
• Sede vacante - List of sede vacante periods since the 19th century

Read more here: » Sede vacante: Encyclopedia - Sede vacante

List of Cardinals by country - Guatemala. Rodolfo Quezada Toruño List of Cardinals by country - Honduras. Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga SDB List of Cardinals by country - Nicaragua. Miguel Obando y Bravo SDB ...

See also:

List of Cardinals by country, List of Cardinals by country - Africa, List of Cardinals by country - Angola, List of Cardinals by country - Benin, List of Cardinals by country - Cameroon, List of Cardinals by country - Côte d'Ivoire, List of Cardinals by country - Democratic Republic of the Congo, List of Cardinals by country - Egypt, List of Cardinals by country - Ghana, List of Cardinals by country - Madagascar, List of Cardinals by country - Mauritius, List of Cardinals by country - Morocco, List of Cardinals by country - Mozambique, List of Cardinals by country - Nigeria, List of Cardinals by country - South Africa, List of Cardinals by country - Sudan, List of Cardinals by country - Tanzania, List of Cardinals by country - Uganda, List of Cardinals by country - Asia, List of Cardinals by country - India, List of Cardinals by country - Indonesia, List of Cardinals by country - Japan, List of Cardinals by country - Lebanon, List of Cardinals by country - Philippines, List of Cardinals by country - South Korea, List of Cardinals by country - Syria, List of Cardinals by country - Taiwan Republic of China, List of Cardinals by country - Thailand, List of Cardinals by country - Vietnam, List of Cardinals by country - Europe, List of Cardinals by country - Austria, List of Cardinals by country - Belarus, List of Cardinals by country - Belgium, List of Cardinals by country - Bosnia and Herzegovina, List of Cardinals by country - Croatia, List of Cardinals by country - Czech Republic, List of Cardinals by country - France, List of Cardinals by country - Germany, List of Cardinals by country - Hungary, List of Cardinals by country - Ireland, List of Cardinals by country - Italy, List of Cardinals by country - Latvia, List of Cardinals by country - Lithuania, List of Cardinals by country - Netherlands, List of Cardinals by country - Poland, List of Cardinals by country - Portugal, List of Cardinals by country - Slovakia, List of Cardinals by country - Spain, List of Cardinals by country - Switzerland, List of Cardinals by country - Ukraine, List of Cardinals by country - United Kingdom, List of Cardinals by country - Caribbean, List of Cardinals by country - Cuba, List of Cardinals by country - Dominican Republic, List of Cardinals by country - Puerto Rico, List of Cardinals by country - Central America, List of Cardinals by country - Guatemala, List of Cardinals by country - Honduras, List of Cardinals by country - Nicaragua, List of Cardinals by country - North America, List of Cardinals by country - Canada, List of Cardinals by country - Mexico, List of Cardinals by country - USA, List of Cardinals by country - South America, List of Cardinals by country - Argentina, List of Cardinals by country - Bolivia, List of Cardinals by country - Brazil, List of Cardinals by country - Chile, List of Cardinals by country - Colombia, List of Cardinals by country - Ecuador, List of Cardinals by country - Peru, List of Cardinals by country - Venezuela, List of Cardinals by country - Australia, List of Cardinals by country - New Zealand, List of Cardinals by country - Samoa

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Ratti himself was less easy to categorise in terms of the conservative/liberal divide than most of his immediate predecessors. Most regarded him as a moderate conservative, to the right of Pope Benedict but to the left of Popes Gregory XV, Pius IX (at the end of his reign) and Pius X. He was also strikingly different to his predecessor. Whereas Benedict was an aristocratic diplomat in poor health, Ratti was an unusual combination of a scholar, ...

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Papal conclave 1922, Papal conclave 1922 - Context, Papal conclave 1922 - Conclave - election of the Archbishop of Milan, Papal conclave 1922 - Aftermath, Papal conclave 1922 - Conclave details

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When the cardinals assembled, they faced a dilemma. Should they choose a pope who would continue to espouse Pius IX's reactionary religious and political views, and would continue to refuse to accept Italy's Law of Guarantees guaranteeing the pope religious liberty in the Kingdom of Italy? Or should they turn away from the policies of Pius IX and choose a more liberal pope who could work for reconciliation with the King of Italy? Would choosing such a policy be seen as ...

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Papal conclave 1878, Papal conclave 1878 - Unique circumstances, Papal conclave 1878 - Questions facing the cardinals, Papal conclave 1878 - Conclave, Papal conclave 1878 - Result implications and aftermath, Papal conclave 1878 - Conclave factfile, Papal conclave 1878 - External link

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It was the issue of the government of the Papal States that was to prove central to the 1846 conclave. The College of Cardinals was split into two factions. The conservatives wished to see a continuation of papal absolutism in the governance of the Papal States, a continuation of the hardline policies of Pope Gregory XVI and his infamous right-wing Secretary of State, Luigi Emmanuele Nicolo Ca ...

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Papal conclave 1846, Papal conclave 1846 - Conclave divided over how to rule the Papal States, Papal conclave 1846 - Failed attempt to veto Ferretti, Papal conclave 1846 - Aftermath, Papal conclave 1846 - Conclave factfile

Read more here: » Papal conclave 1846: Encyclopedia II - Papal conclave 1846 - Conclave divided over how to rule the Papal States

Papal conclave 1800 - Pope Pius VI. Pius VI's reign had been marked by tension between his authority and that of the European monarchs and other institutions; secular and ecclesiastical. This was largely due to his moderate liberal and reforming pretences. At the beginning of his service he promised to continue the work of his predecessor, Pope Clement IV, in whose 1773 publication Dominus ac redemptor, the dissolution of the Society of Jesus was announced. Other pro-Jesuit powers remained in his support t ...

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Papal conclave 1800, Papal conclave 1800 - Historical context, Papal conclave 1800 - Pope Pius VI, Papal conclave 1800 - The State of the See, Papal conclave 1800 - The Conclave, Papal conclave 1800 - A new pope, Papal conclave 1800 - Unique Conclave, Papal conclave 1800 - List of participants, Papal conclave 1800 - List of absentees

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Giovanni Montini had been one of the stars of the Curia in the 1930s and 1940s. A skilled diplomat and the Assistant (sostituto) Secretary of State for Internal (or Ordinary) Affairs, many presumed that he would of course be made a cardinal in one of Pope Pius's consistories. For most of his reign -- with the exception of the five years Luigi Cardinal Maglione was Secretary of State, Pius XII himself acted as his own secretary of state, a position that he had held under the previous pope Pius XI. Unexpectedly in 1955, Pius removed Mon ...

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Papal conclave 1958, Papal conclave 1958 - Background, Papal conclave 1958 - The Case of Giovanni Montini, Papal conclave 1958 - Papal Conclave, Papal conclave 1958 - The mysterious case of 'Pope Gregory XVII', Papal conclave 1958 - Choosing Roncalli, Papal conclave 1958 - Footnotes

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Presiding over the conclave was the Dean of the College of Cardinals, Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger. Following the election of Ratzinger as Pope Benedict XVI, the Cardinal Protodeacon, Jorge Cardinal Medina Estévez, announced to the world, in Latin, Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum! Habemus Papam! ("I announce to you a great joy! We have a Pope!"). This was the first Papal election governed under provisions made by John Paul II in his Apostolic Constitution Universi Dominici Gregis, promulgated on February 22, 1996. According ...

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Papal conclave 2005, Papal conclave 2005 - Papal election process for 2005, Papal conclave 2005 - The Cardinal Electors, Papal conclave 2005 - Course of balloting, Papal conclave 2005 - Pre-balloting activities, Papal conclave 2005 - First day, Papal conclave 2005 - Second day, Papal conclave 2005 - Vote counts from a leaked diary

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Pope John Paul II - Teachings. Main articles: Teachings of Pope John Paul II, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]]See also:

Pope John Paul II, Pope John Paul II - Overview, Pope John Paul II - Biography, Pope John Paul II - Early life, Pope John Paul II - Church career, Pope John Paul II - A Pope from Poland, Pope John Paul II - Assassination attempts, Pope John Paul II - Health, Pope John Paul II - Death, Pope John Paul II - Life's work, Pope John Paul II - Teachings, Pope John Paul II - Pastoral trips, Pope John Paul II - Relations with other religions, Pope John Paul II - The Pope for youth, Pope John Paul II - Apologies, Pope John Paul II - Social and political stances, Pope John Paul II - Criticism, Pope John Paul II - Other, Pope John Paul II - Films about Pope John Paul II, Pope John Paul II - Notes

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He was born in obscurity in Sovana, a small town of Tuscany where his house can still be seen. He was sent to Rome at an early age for his education; an uncle of his being abbot of the convent of St. Mary on the Aventine. His instructors appear to have included Pope Gregory VI. But when the emperor Henry III deposed Gregory VI and exiled him to Germany, Hildebrand went with him. As he himself afterwards admitted, he had no wish to cross the Alps. But his residence in Germany was of great educational value, and significant for his later ...

See also:

Pope Gregory VII, Pope Gregory VII - Early life, Pope Gregory VII - Election to the Papacy, Pope Gregory VII - Conflict with the Emperor, Pope Gregory VII - To Canossa, Pope Gregory VII - Second excommunication of Henry, Pope Gregory VII - Papal policy to the rest of Europe, Pope Gregory VII - Internal policy and reforms

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As to government officials, the structures into which these are organized do not parallel at all points other states because of material, juridical and historical factors. As we have noted the two principal figures are the Secretary of State and the President of the Pontifical Commission for the Vatican City State, sometimes popularly called the Governor or the President of Vatican City. These, like all other officials, are appointed by the Po ...

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Vatican City, Vatican City - The Territory, Vatican City - The Head of State, Vatican City - History, Vatican City - Government, Vatican City - Administration of the Vatican City, Vatican City - Administration of the Holy See, Vatican City - Photos of St. Peter's Basilica and Square, Vatican City - Geography, Vatican City - Economy, Vatican City - Demographics, Vatican City - Foreign relations, Vatican City - Culture, Vatican City - Crime, Vatican City - Transport and communications, Vatican City - Miscellaneous topics

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In an absolute monarchy, the monarch has power over every aspect of the state, and a constitution may be granted or withdrawn. Modern versions tend to survive only in societies with sufficient technology to allow the concentration and organization of power, but not to allow education and rapid communication to flourish. The economic structure of such monarchies is that of concentrated wealth, with the majority o ...

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Monarchy, Monarchy - Types of monarchy, Monarchy - Succession, Monarchy - Destruction of monarchies, Monarchy - Unusual examples, Monarchy - Current monarchies

Read more here: » Monarchy: Encyclopedia II - Monarchy - Types of monarchy

This list only includes popes known to have married and/or engaged in heterosexual sexual activity. For popes allegedly involved in homosexual activity, see gay popes. Saint Peter, traditionally the first Pope, was married. Jesus cured the mother-in-law of Saint Peter. There is no mention of his wife in the Bible, and it is not known whether or not she was still alive at the time of Peter's calling by Jesus. This story is given in th ...

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List of sexually active popes, List of sexually active popes - Sexually active popes, List of sexually active popes - Allegedly sexually active popes, List of sexually active popes - Notes

Read more here: » List of sexually active popes: Encyclopedia II - List of sexually active popes - Sexually active popes

Pope John Paul I - Personal background and papal election. Luciani was born in the Forno de Canale (now called Canale d'Agordo) in the Belluno province, region of Veneto northern Italy. He was educated in the minor and major seminaries of the diocese of Belluno and ordained a priest of the Roman Catholic Church on July 7, 1935. Luciani later received a doctorate in sacred theology from the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. He served as his diocese's seminary vice rector from 1937 to 1947, also teaching students in the areas of dogmatic ...

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Pope John Paul I, Pope John Paul I - Biography, Pope John Paul I - Personal background and papal election, Pope John Paul I - The August 1978 Conclave, Pope John Paul I - The smiling pope, Pope John Paul I - New Pope new rules, Pope John Paul I - Death, Pope John Paul I - Conspiracy theories, Pope John Paul I - David Yallop's book, Pope John Paul I - John Cornwell's conclusions, Pope John Paul I - Legacy of Pope John Paul I, Pope John Paul I - John Paul II on his predecessor, Pope John Paul I - Footnotes

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Sin was born in New Washington, Aklan, Philippines to Juan Sin (of overseas Chinese ancestry) and Maxima Lachica. He was the seventh of sixteen children. He eventually left his boyhood home and his family to study in seminary. On April 3, 1954, he was ordained to the presbyterium and became a priest of the Archdiocese of Jaro. He was appointed its auxiliary bishop on February 10, 1967. Following his appointment, he was ordained as bishop of the titular see of Obba on March 18 of that year. On March 15, 1972, Sin was appointed Coadjutor Archb ...

See also:

Jaime Cardinal Sin, Jaime Cardinal Sin - Priesthood and episcopacy, Jaime Cardinal Sin - People Power Movement, Jaime Cardinal Sin - Retirement and death, Jaime Cardinal Sin - Trivia

Read more here: » Jaime Cardinal Sin: Encyclopedia II - Jaime Cardinal Sin - Priesthood and episcopacy

In 1075 Pope Gregory VII declared in the Dictatus Papae that as the Roman church was founded by God alone, only the papal power (the auctoritas of Pope Gelasius) was the sole universal power, and that the pope alone could appoint or depose churchmen or move them from see to see. This radical departure from the Early Medieval balance of power, among its other reforms (see Gregorian Reform), eliminated the practice of investiture, the divinely-appointed monarch's right to invest a prelate with the symbols of power, both secular a ...

See also:

Investiture Controversy, Investiture Controversy - Origins, Investiture Controversy - Investiture Controversy, Investiture Controversy - The English investiture controversy of 1103 – 1107, Investiture Controversy - The Concordat of Worms, Investiture Controversy - Significance

Read more here: » Investiture Controversy: Encyclopedia II - Investiture Controversy - Investiture Controversy

Bergoglio was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina on December 17, 1936. After an education in the Roman Catholic Church, he entered the novitiate of the Society of Jesus and was ordained to the Jesuit priesthood on December 13, 1969. He was attending the Philosophical and Theological Faculty of San Miguel, a seminary in San Miguel. Eventually, Bergoglio attained the position of novice master there and became professor of theology. Impressed with his leadership skills, the Society of Jesus promoted Bergoglio and he served as provincial for ...

See also:

Jorge Mario Cardinal Bergoglio, Jorge Mario Cardinal Bergoglio - Jesuit, Jorge Mario Cardinal Bergoglio - Episcopacy, Jorge Mario Cardinal Bergoglio - Cardinal

Read more here: » Jorge Mario Cardinal Bergoglio: Encyclopedia II - Jorge Mario Cardinal Bergoglio - Jesuit

Ayyavazhi Religion - Bible stories - Biblical names - Born-again Christian laypeople - Buddhist terms and concepts - Cathedrals - Christian denominations - Christians - Deities - Demons - Di Indigetes (Roman gods & goddesses) - Dramatic portrayals of Jesus Christ - Founders of major religions - Greek mythological characters - Hinduism - Islamic terms - Jesus-related articles - Major world religions - Monasteries dissolved by Henry VIII of England - Mormonism - Muslims - Names for the Biblical nameless - Ninety-nine n ...

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List of religious topics, List of religious topics - List of lists, List of religious topics - 0-9, List of religious topics - A, List of religious topics - B, List of religious topics - C, List of religious topics - D, List of religious topics - E, List of religious topics - F, List of religious topics - G, List of religious topics - H, List of religious topics - I, List of religious topics - J, List of religious topics - K, List of religious topics - L, List of religious topics - M, List of religious topics - N, List of religious topics - O, List of religious topics - P, List of religious topics - Q, List of religious topics - R, List of religious topics - S, List of religious topics - T, List of religious topics - U, List of religious topics - V, List of religious topics - W, List of religious topics - X, List of religious topics - Y, List of religious topics - Z

Read more here: » List of religious topics: Encyclopedia II - List of religious topics - List of lists

At the funeral, each country's dignitaries were seated alphabetically according to the French spelling of their country's name. That order is followed below. List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - A. List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - B. List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - C. List of dignitaries at the funeral o ...

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List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - List of official delegations in seating order, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - A, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - B, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - C, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - D, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - E, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - F, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - G, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - H, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - I, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - J, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - K, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - L, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - M, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - N, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - O, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - P, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - Q, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - R, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - S, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - T, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - U, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - V, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - Z, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - International organizations, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - Religious leaders, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - Unofficial delegations, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - Brazil, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - Canada, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - Philippines, List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - United States

Read more here: » List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II: Encyclopedia II - List of dignitaries at the funeral of Pope John Paul II - List of official delegations in seating order

From the beginning Julius II set himself with a courage and determination rarely equalled to rid himself of the various powers under which his temporal authority was almost overwhelmed. By a series of complicated stratagems he first succeeded in rendering it impossible for the Borgia to retain their power over the papal states. He then used his influence to reconcile the two powerful houses of Orsini and Colonna, and, by decrees made in their interest, he also attached to himself the remainder of the Roman nobility. Being thus secure in Rome ...

See also:

Pope Julius II, Pope Julius II - Early life, Pope Julius II - Ascension to papacy, Pope Julius II - Reign as pope, Pope Julius II - Book, Pope Julius II - Film

Read more here: » Pope Julius II: Encyclopedia II - Pope Julius II - Reign as pope

Especially in the Holy Roman Empire, a large number of Prince-bishops, Prince-archbishops and superiors of the regular clergy (mainly Prince-abbots, but also -abbesses, Prince-Provosts and Grand masters) obtained for their seats, concurrent with the ecclesiastical office, one or more secular feudal estates of various status and importance (from tiny mere lordships to fairly great principalities such as duchies), that would otherwise be hereditary and often had been; in other cases territories were carved out especially by a higher authority, ...

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Prince of the church, Prince of the church - Clerics as territorial princes, Prince of the church - Papal electors

Read more here: » Prince of the church: Encyclopedia II - Prince of the church - Clerics as territorial princes