The Sacred College of Cardinals is the body of all Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church. The body plays two roles for the church: participating in papal elections when the Holy See is vacant, and advising the Pope about Church matters when he summons them to a consistory. Historically, they were also the clergy of the city of Rome serving the Pope as the Bishop of Rome and were assigned duties in parishes of the city. The College has no ruling power except during the sede vacante period, where its powers are still extr ...

Including:

• College of Cardinals - Choosing the pope
• College of Cardinals - Members of the College of Cardinals
• College of Cardinals - Cardinals of the Order of Bishops
• College of Cardinals - Cardinals of the Order of Priests
• College of Cardinals - Cardinals of the Order of Deacons

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The following is the list of Cardinals as of December 2005. Cardinals are shown in order of precedence, based on seniority by date of appointment. Stephen Cardinal Kim Sou-hwan is considered the most senior member of the College by length of service, as he was listed first of those surviving from the 1969 consistory. However, Angelo Cardinal Sodano, as dean of the College of Cardinals, has the highest precedence as a Cardinal Bishop. Cardinals aged over 80 are indicated with an asterisk (*), and no others will turn 80 before February ...

See also:

College of Cardinals, College of Cardinals - Choosing the pope, College of Cardinals - Members of the College of Cardinals, College of Cardinals - Cardinals of the Order of Bishops, College of Cardinals - Cardinals of the Order of Priests, College of Cardinals - Cardinals of the Order of Deacons

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The term college (Latin collegium) is most often used today to denote an educational institution. The precise usage of the term varies among English-speaking countries. However, it can be the name of any group of colleagues; originally it meant a group of people living together under a common set of rules (con-, "together" + leg-, "law"). As a consequence members of colleges were originally styled "fellows" and still are in some places. College - United Kingdom. British usage of the wor ...

Including:

• College - United Kingdom
• College - Universities and colleges
• College - United States of America
• College - The origin of America's usage
• College - British and American usage contrasted
• College - The rest of the English-speaking world
• College - Australia
• College - Canada
• College - Ireland
• College - Hong Kong
• College - India
• College - Singapore
• College - New Zealand
• College - The non-English-speaking world

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List of Cardinals by country - Angola. Alexandre do Nascimento List of Cardinals by country - Benin. Bernardin Gantin List of Cardinals by country - Cameroon. Christian Wiyghan Tumi List of Cardinals by country - Côte d'Ivoire. Bernard Agré List of Cardinals by country - Democratic Republic of the Congo. ...

See also:

List of Cardinals by country, List of Cardinals by country - Africa, List of Cardinals by country - Angola, List of Cardinals by country - Benin, List of Cardinals by country - Cameroon, List of Cardinals by country - Côte d'Ivoire, List of Cardinals by country - Democratic Republic of the Congo, List of Cardinals by country - Egypt, List of Cardinals by country - Ghana, List of Cardinals by country - Madagascar, List of Cardinals by country - Mauritius, List of Cardinals by country - Morocco, List of Cardinals by country - Mozambique, List of Cardinals by country - Nigeria, List of Cardinals by country - South Africa, List of Cardinals by country - Sudan, List of Cardinals by country - Tanzania, List of Cardinals by country - Uganda, List of Cardinals by country - Asia, List of Cardinals by country - India, List of Cardinals by country - Indonesia, List of Cardinals by country - Japan, List of Cardinals by country - Lebanon, List of Cardinals by country - Philippines, List of Cardinals by country - South Korea, List of Cardinals by country - Syria, List of Cardinals by country - Taiwan Republic of China, List of Cardinals by country - Thailand, List of Cardinals by country - Vietnam, List of Cardinals by country - Europe, List of Cardinals by country - Austria, List of Cardinals by country - Belarus, List of Cardinals by country - Belgium, List of Cardinals by country - Bosnia and Herzegovina, List of Cardinals by country - Croatia, List of Cardinals by country - Czech Republic, List of Cardinals by country - France, List of Cardinals by country - Germany, List of Cardinals by country - Hungary, List of Cardinals by country - Ireland, List of Cardinals by country - Italy, List of Cardinals by country - Latvia, List of Cardinals by country - Lithuania, List of Cardinals by country - Netherlands, List of Cardinals by country - Poland, List of Cardinals by country - Portugal, List of Cardinals by country - Slovakia, List of Cardinals by country - Spain, List of Cardinals by country - Switzerland, List of Cardinals by country - Ukraine, List of Cardinals by country - United Kingdom, List of Cardinals by country - Caribbean, List of Cardinals by country - Cuba, List of Cardinals by country - Dominican Republic, List of Cardinals by country - Puerto Rico, List of Cardinals by country - Central America, List of Cardinals by country - Guatemala, List of Cardinals by country - Honduras, List of Cardinals by country - Nicaragua, List of Cardinals by country - North America, List of Cardinals by country - Canada, List of Cardinals by country - Mexico, List of Cardinals by country - USA, List of Cardinals by country - South America, List of Cardinals by country - Argentina, List of Cardinals by country - Bolivia, List of Cardinals by country - Brazil, List of Cardinals by country - Chile, List of Cardinals by country - Colombia, List of Cardinals by country - Ecuador, List of Cardinals by country - Peru, List of Cardinals by country - Venezuela, List of Cardinals by country - Australia, List of Cardinals by country - New Zealand, List of Cardinals by country - Samoa

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Influenced by their origins in the British Empire, and by modern American pop culture, the rest of the English-speaking world seems to have adopted a mix of their practices. College - Australia. In Australia, the term "college" can refer to an institution of tertiary education that is smaller than a university, run independently or as part of a university. Following a reform in the 1980s many of the formerly independent colleges now belong to a larger university. Many private high schools that provide seco ...

See also:

College, College - United Kingdom, College - Universities and colleges, College - United States of America, College - The origin of America's usage, College - British and American usage contrasted, College - The rest of the English-speaking world, College - Australia, College - Canada, College - Ireland, College - Hong Kong, College - India, College - Singapore, College - New Zealand, College - The non-English-speaking world

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In the Roman Republic, collegiality was the practice of having at least two people, and always an even number, in each magistrate position of the Roman Senate. Reasons were to divide power and responsibilities among several people, both of prevent the rise of another king and to ensure more productive magistrates. Examples of Roman collegiality include the two consuls and censors; six praetors; eight quaest ...

See also:

Collegiality, Collegiality - Definition of collegiality, Collegiality - Roman collegiality, Collegiality - Collegiality in the Catholic Church

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Cardinal Priests are the most numerous of the three orders of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church. They formally rank above the Cardinal Deacons and below the Cardinal Bishops though this is not a matter of exercise of authority. Cardinal Priest - Historical derivation. In modern times the name "Cardinal Priest" is interpreted as meaning a Cardinal who is of the order of priests. Originally, however, the understanding of which word modified the other was the opposite: of the priests of the Dioces ...

Including:

• Cardinal Priest - Historical derivation
• Cardinal Priest - Modern expansion

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The Cardinal Deacons are the lowest-ranked of the three orders of Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church. They derive originally from supervisors of the Church's works in various districts of Rome. Until 1918 it was possible to become a Cardinal without entering Holy Orders, but only the order of Cardinal Deacons was open to those who were not priests. To become a Cardinal Priest one had to be a priest and to become a Cardinal Bishop one had to be a bishop. After 1918 it was established that all cardinals, even the Cardinal Dea ...

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Cardinal Bishops, or Cardinals of the Episcopal Order, are among the most senior prelates of the Roman Catholic Church. Originally this term referred specifically and exclusively to the men named to head the six suburbicarian dioceses, who include the Dean of the College of Cardinals. In 1965 Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad purpuratorum patrum that Eastern Rite patriarchs who were named Cardinals would also be part of the episcopal order, ranked after the six Cardinal Bishops of the suburbicaria ...

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His Eminence Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone (born 2 December 1934) is Archbishop of Genoa and a Cardinal Priest in the Roman Catholic Church. Born in Romano Canavese, Italy, the fifth of eight children, Bertone entered the Salesian order in 1950; he was ordained in 1960. The holder of a doctorate in canon law, Bertone has taught extensively on the subject, and was appointed Rector of the Pontif ...

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Clement XII, born as Lorenzo Corsini (Florence, April 7, 1652 – Rome, February 6, 1740), (pope 1730-1740), had been an aristocratic lawyer and financial manager under preceding pontiffs. He is known for building the new façade of the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano and beginning the Trevi Fountain and the purchase of Cardinal Albani's collection of antiquities for the papal gallery. Under Benedict XIII, the finances of the Papal States had been delivered into the hands of Cardinal Coscia and other members of the ...

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Clemente Domínguez y Gómez (May 23, 1946 – March 22, 2005) was proclaimed Pope Gregory XVII by supporters of the Palmarian Catholic Church Catholic breakway movement in 1978. He was viewed by mainstream Roman Catholicism as an antipope. Clemente Domínguez y Gómez, who was born in Seville, Spain, became closely associated with the Palmar de Troya movement, which had its origins in an alleged apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary on March 30, 1968 in the village of El Palmar de Troya in the Province of ...

Including:

• Clemente Domínguez y Gómez - Controversially ordained
• Clemente Domínguez y Gómez - Claim to the Papacy
• Clemente Domínguez y Gómez - Other claimants to the name 'Pope Gregory XVII'
• Clemente Domínguez y Gómez - Palmarian heresy
• Clemente Domínguez y Gómez - Notes

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Saint Celestine V, né Pietro Angelerio (according to some sources Angelario or Angelieri or Angelliero or Angeleri), also known as Pietro del Morrone (1215 – May 19, 1296) was pope in the year 1294. He was born in 1215 near Isernia (Molise) (there is no proof to the actual village) as the son of Angelo Angelerio and Maria Leone. He was the eleventh of the twelve children of a family described as "poor but honest, deeply religious peasants". After the father's untimely death he started to work in the fiel ...

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In its application to the Catholic Church, the term hierarchy originally referred to the "holy ordering" of the entire People of God. It is now almost exclusively used to refer to the holy ordering of the clergy of the church, those who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders. All churches that adopt a "catholic principle" of ecclesial order—Catholics, Orthodox, Anglicans, etc.—acknowledge a threefold hierarchical order which was divinely inspired and therefore a permanent structural feature of the church: Bishops ...

Including:

• Catholic church hierarchy - Origin and use of the term Hierarchy
• Catholic church hierarchy - Ecclesiastical offices in the hierarchy of the Catholic Church
• Catholic church hierarchy - Patriarchs
• Catholic church hierarchy - Cardinals
• Catholic church hierarchy - Minor Patriarchs or Titular Patriarchs
• Catholic church hierarchy - Major Archbishops
• Catholic church hierarchy - Primates
• Catholic church hierarchy - Archbishops and Metropolitans
• Catholic church hierarchy - Titular Archbishops
• Catholic church hierarchy - Bishops and Eparchs
• Catholic church hierarchy - Titular Bishops
• Catholic church hierarchy - Superiors General of Religious Orders
• Catholic church hierarchy - Prelate Nullius
• Catholic church hierarchy - Archimandrite
• Catholic church hierarchy - Abbot or Abbess Nullius
• Catholic church hierarchy - Abbot or Abbess
• Catholic church hierarchy - Exarch
• Catholic church hierarchy - Vicar Apostolic
• Catholic church hierarchy - Prefect Apostolic
• Catholic church hierarchy - Diocesean Administrator
• Catholic church hierarchy - Prefect of a Personal Prelature
• Catholic church hierarchy - Vicars General
• Catholic church hierarchy - Vicars Episcopal
• Catholic church hierarchy - Vicars Canonical
• Catholic church hierarchy - Protonotary Apostolic
• Catholic church hierarchy - Provincial Superior
• Catholic church hierarchy - Vicars Forane Deans
• Catholic church hierarchy - Prelates of Honor of His Holiness
• Catholic church hierarchy - Canons
• Catholic church hierarchy - Chaplains of His Holiness
• Catholic church hierarchy - Archpriests
• Catholic church hierarchy - Archdeacons
• Catholic church hierarchy - Pastors
• Catholic church hierarchy - Local Superior
• Catholic church hierarchy - Hieromonks
• Catholic church hierarchy - Parochial Vicars
• Catholic church hierarchy - Deacons
• Catholic church hierarchy - Subdeacons
• Catholic church hierarchy - Diocesean Scholastics
• Catholic church hierarchy - Catechists
• Catholic church hierarchy - Installed Acolyte
• Catholic church hierarchy - Installed Lector
• Catholic church hierarchy - Links

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A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking just below the Pope and appointed by him as a member of the College of Cardinals during a consistory. The duties of the cardinals are to attend the meetings of the Sacred College and to make themselves available individually if the Pope desires their counsel. Most cardinals have additional duties either leading many of the c ...

Including:

• Cardinal Catholicism - Orders
• Cardinal Catholicism - Secret cardinal
• Cardinal Catholicism - Other privileges
• Cardinal Catholicism - History
• Cardinal Catholicism - Cardinals in popular culture

Read more here: » Cardinal Catholicism: Encyclopedia - Cardinal Catholicism

An antipope is one whose claim to being Pope is the result of a disputed or contested election. These antipopes were usually in opposition to a specific person chosen by the papal electors (since the Middle Ages, the College of Cardinals; in the twentieth century, their special secret meeting, called conclave, however applies the age limit for eligibility). Some self-appointed leaders of smaller churches are also called "antipopes." During certain periods of turbulence in the Roman Catholic Church, controversial Papal elections ...

Including:

• Antipope - List of antipopes
• Antipope - Sedevacantist antipopes
• Antipope - Antipopes of the 20th-21st centuries
• Antipope - Sources an References

Read more here: » Antipope: Encyclopedia - Antipope

1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). 1963 - Events. 1963 - January. January 1 - CSIRO scientist Dr Gilbert Bogle and Mrs Margaret Chandler are found dead, believed to have been poisoned, in bushland near the Lane Cove River, Sydney. Known as the Bogle-Chandler case. January 11 - The Whisky A Go-Go night club in Los Angeles, the first disco in the USA, is opened. January 14 - George Wallace becomes ...

Including:

• 1963 - Events
• 1963 - January
• 1963 - February
• 1963 - March
• 1963 - April
• 1963 - May
• 1963 - June
• 1963 - July
• 1963 - August
• 1963 - September
• 1963 - October
• 1963 - November
• 1963 - December
• 1963 - Unknown date
• 1963 - Births
• 1963 - January
• 1963 - February
• 1963 - March
• 1963 - April
• 1963 - May
• 1963 - June
• 1963 - July
• 1963 - August
• 1963 - September
• 1963 - October
• 1963 - November
• 1963 - December
• 1963 - Unknown date
• 1963 - Deaths
• 1963 - January
• 1963 - February
• 1963 - March
• 1963 - April
• 1963 - May
• 1963 - June
• 1963 - July
• 1963 - August
• 1963 - September
• 1963 - October
• 1963 - November
• 1963 - December
• 1963 - Nobel Prizes

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Angels and Demons (2000) is a mystery novel by Dan Brown, featuring the character Robert Langdon, who is also the principal character of his subsequent, better-known novel The Da Vinci Code. The story involves a conflict between an ancient group, the Illuminati, and the Catholic Church. It is credited with being the first novel to contain ambigrams. Angels and Demons - Main characters. Robert Langdon: Protagonist, symbologist, professor Vittoria Vetra: CERN physici ...

Including:

• Angels and Demons - Main characters
• Angels and Demons - Plot
• Angels and Demons - Similarities to Brown's other books
• Angels and Demons - Common to two books
• Angels and Demons - Elements that are common to all four of Brown's books
• Angels and Demons - Facts and mythology behind the book
• Angels and Demons - The Altars of Science
• Angels and Demons - Factual inaccuracies
• Angels and Demons - The All Seeing Eye

Read more here: » Angels and Demons: Encyclopedia - Angels and Demons

Angelo Cardinal Sodano (born 23 November 1927) is the Cardinal Secretary of State and Dean of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church. Sodano was first appointed Secretary of State by Pope John Paul II and then reappointed by Pope Benedict XVI. He became Pro-Secretary 1 December 1990, and full Secretary of State once he had been named a cardinal in the consistory of June 28, 1991. In April 2005 he succeeded Benedict as Dean of the College of Cardinals. He is the first person to se ...

Including:

• Angelo Cardinal Sodano - External link

Read more here: » Angelo Cardinal Sodano: Encyclopedia - Angelo Cardinal Sodano

Adrianus Johannes Cardinal Simonis was born in Lisse on November 26, 1931, in the diocese of Rotterdam, the Netherlands. He was ordained on June 15, 1957. He studied Biblical exegesis in Rome between 1959 and 1966, and was named Bishop of Rotterdam on December 29, 1970. He devoted himself to promoting harmony and unity in his community and became Archbishop of Utrecht on December 3, 1983. A former president of the Dutch Bishops' Conference, Simonis was ...

Read more here: » Adrianus Johannes Cardinal Simonis: Encyclopedia - Adrianus Johannes Cardinal Simonis