Cognitive neuropsychology

The modern science of cognitive neuropsychology emerged during the 1960s. However there have been a series of influential studies during the last two centuries which have been critical in laying the foundations for studying brain impairment with a view to understanding normal psychological function. The case of Phineas Gage is one of the earliest examples where a specific brain injury gave clues to the function of a particular brain area. Gage obtained his injury after an accident during the construction of part of a railroad in 1848 ...

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Cognitive neuropsychology, Cognitive neuropsychology - History, Cognitive neuropsychology - Methods

Read more here: » Cognitive neuropsychology: Encyclopedia II - Cognitive neuropsychology - History

Cognitive neuropsychology is a branch of neuropsychology that aims to understand how the structure and function of the brain relates to specific psychological processes. It places a particular emphasis on studying the cognitive effects of brain injury or neurological illness with a view to inferring models of normal cognitive functioning. Cognitive neuropsychology - History. The modern science of cognitive neuropsychology emerged during the 1960s. However there have been a series of inf ...

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• Cognitive neuropsychology - History
• Cognitive neuropsychology - Methods

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Perception Attention and Filter theories (the ability to focus mental effort on specific stimuli while excluding other stimuli from consideration) Pattern recognition (the ability to correctly interpret ambiguous sensory information) Object recognition Categorization Category induction and acquisition Categorical judgement and classification Category representation and structure Memory Short-term memory and long-term me ...

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Cognitive psychology, Cognitive psychology - Major research areas in cognitive psychology, Cognitive psychology - Famous and/or influential cognitive psychologists, Cognitive psychology - Related lists

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Anne Treisman is a psychologist, working currently at Princeton University, Department of Psychology. She researches visual attention, object perception, and memory. One of her most influential works is certainly the feature integration theory of attention, published first in cooperation with G. Gelade in 1980. According to this model, different attention is responsible for binding different features into consciously experienced wholes. Treisman and Gelade were able to explain a large body of experimental data and at the same t ...

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• Anne Treisman - Works
• Anne Treisman - Trivia

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António R. Damásio, pron. IPA /ɐ̃.'tɔ.ni.u dɐ.'ma.zi.u/, (b. 1954, Lisbon, Portugal) physician and neurologist, is Professor of Psychology, Neuroscience and Neurology at the University of Southern California, where he heads USC's Institute for the Neurological Study of Emotion and Creativity. Prior to taking up his posts at USC, in 2005, Damasio was M.W. Van Allen Professor and Head of Neurology at the University of Iowa Medical Center. Iowa City, Iowa, United States. ...

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• Antonio Damasio - Bibliography
• Antonio Damasio - External link

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Cognitive psychology is the psychological science that studies cognition, the mental processes that underlie behavior, including thinking, deciding, reasoning, and to some extent motivation and emotion. This covers a broad range of research domains, examining questions about the workings of memory, attention, perception, knowledge representation, reasoning, creativity and problem solving. The term came into use with the publication of the book Cognitive Psychology by Ulric Neisser in 1967. There he gives a very broad definition ...

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• Cognitive psychology - Major research areas in cognitive psychology
• Cognitive psychology - Famous and/or influential cognitive psychologists
• Cognitive psychology - Related lists

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Brain damage or brain injury is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. Brain damage may occur due to a wide range of conditions, illnesses, or injuries. Possible causes of widespread (diffuse) brain damage include prolonged hypoxia (shortage of oxygen), poisoning, infection, and neurological illness. Common causes of focal or localized brain damage are physical trauma (traumatic brain injury), stroke, aneurysm, or neurological illness. The extent and effect of brain injury is often assessed by the use of neurological examinatio ...

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Treisman is surprisingly often mistakenly referred to as Triesman, A.. Compare e.g. google searches Anne Triesman and Anne Treisman. Treisman is married to Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman. ...

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Anne Treisman, Anne Treisman - Works, Anne Treisman - Trivia

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Experimental neuropsychology is an approach which uses methods from experimental psychology to uncover the relationship between the nervous system and cognitive function. The majority of work involves studying healthy humans in a laboratory setting, although a minority of researchers may conduct animal experiments. Human work in this area often takes advantage of specific features of our nervous system (for example that visual information presented to a specific visual field is preferentially processed by the cortical hemisphere on the opposite side) to make links be ...

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Neuropsychology, Neuropsychology - Approaches, Neuropsychology - Methods and tools, Neuropsychology - Influential neuropsychologists, Neuropsychology - Related lists

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Current cognitive neuropsychology research points toward a two-factor approach to the cause of monothematic delusions1. The first factor being the anomalous experience—often a neurological defect—which leads to the delusion and the second factor being an impairment of the belief formation cognitive process. For example of one of these first factors, several studies point toward Capgras delusion being the result of a disorder of the affect component of face perception. As a result, while the person can recognize their sp ...

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Monothematic delusion, Monothematic delusion - Types, Monothematic delusion - Causes

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Selective inabilities to recognise faces were reported throughout the 19th century, and included case studies by Hughlings Jackson and Charcot. However, it was not named until the term prosopagnosia was first used in 1947 by Joachim Bodamer, a German neurologist. He described three cases, including a 24-year old man who suffered a bullet wound to the head and lost his ability to recognise his friends, family, and even his own face. However, he was able to recognise and identify them through other sensory modalities such as auditory, t ...

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Prosopagnosia, Prosopagnosia - Overview, Prosopagnosia - Subtypes of prosopagnosia, Prosopagnosia - Unconscious face recognition

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One particularly interesting feature of prosopagnosia is that it suggests both a conscious and unconscious aspect to face recognition. Experiments have shown that when presented with a mixture of familiar and unfamiliar faces, people with prosopagnosia may be unable to successfully identify the people in the pictures, or even make a simple familiarity judgement ("this person seems familiar / unfamiliar"). However, when a measure of emotional response is taken (typically a measure of skin conductance) there tends to be an emotional response to familiar people ...

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Prosopagnosia, Prosopagnosia - Overview, Prosopagnosia - Subtypes of prosopagnosia, Prosopagnosia - Unconscious face recognition

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Prosopagnosia was originally thought only to be solely associated with brain injury, acquired during adulthood, or more rarely during childhood development. However, recent evidence has suggested that there may be a form of 'congenital prosopagnosia', and that some people are born with a selective impairment in recognising and perceiving faces. The cases that have been reported suggest that this form of the disorder may be highly variable and there is some suggestion that it may be heritable. Developmental disorders such as autism and ...

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Prosopagnosia, Prosopagnosia - Overview, Prosopagnosia - Subtypes of prosopagnosia, Prosopagnosia - Unconscious face recognition

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In neuroscience, a neural network is a bit of conceptual juggernaut: the conceptual transition from neuroanatomy, a rigorously descriptive discipline of observed structure, to the designation of the parameters delimiting a 'network' can be problematic. In outline a neural network describes a population of physically interconnected neurons or a group of disparate neurons whose inputs or signalling targets define a recognizable circuit. Communication between neurons often involves an electrochemical process. The interface through which ...

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• Biological neural network - Early study
• Biological neural network - Connections between neurons
• Biological neural network - Representations in neural networks
• Biological neural network - Philosophical issues
• Biological neural network - Study methods

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Psychology (ancient Greek: psyche = "soul" or "mind", logos/-ology = "study of") is an academic and applied field involving the study of mind and behavior. "Psychology" also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including problems of individuals' daily lives and the treatment of mental illness. Psychology differs from sociology, anthropology, economics, and political science in part because it involves studying the mental processes and behavior of individuals (alone or i ...

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• Psychology - History
• Psychology - Principles of psychology
• Psychology - Mind and brain
• Psychology - Schools of thought
• Psychology - Scope of psychology
• Psychology - Biological basis: the brain
• Psychology - Information processing: the mind
• Psychology - Change over time: development
• Psychology - Interaction with others
• Psychology - Study of animals in psychology
• Psychology - Mental health
• Psychology - Applied psychology
• Psychology - Research methods
• Psychology - Controlled experiments
• Psychology - Correlational studies
• Psychology - Longitudinal studies
• Psychology - Neuropsychological methods
• Psychology - Computational modeling
• Psychology - Criticisms of psychology

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The delusions that fall under this category are: Capgras delusion is the belief that (usually) a close relative or spouse has been replaced by an identical-looking impostor. Fregoli delusion is the belief that various people that the believer meets are actually the same person in disguise. Intermetamorphosis is the belief that people in the environment swap identities with each other whilst maintaining the same appearance. Subjective doubles, in which a person believes there is a doppelganger or double ...

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Monothematic delusion, Monothematic delusion - Types, Monothematic delusion - Causes

Read more here: » Monothematic delusion: Encyclopedia II - Monothematic delusion - Types

The term cognition (Latin, cogito: to think) is used in several different loosely related ways. In psychology it is used to refer to the mental processes of an individual, with particular relation to a view that argues that the mind has internal mental states (such as beliefs, desires and intentions) and can be understood in terms of information processing, especially when a lot of abstraction or concretization is involved, or processes such as involving knowledge, expertise or learning for example are at work. It is also used ...

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• Cognition - Cognition in mainstream psychology
• Cognition - Influence and influences
• Cognition - Cognitive ontology
• Cognition - Cognition as compression
• Cognition - Cognition as a social process
• Cognition - Cognition in a cultural context
• Cognition - Example of emergent organization
• Cognition - Summary
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In 1973, Susan Blackmore graduated from St. Hilda's College, University of Oxford, with a BA (Hons) in psychology and physiology. She went on to do a postgraduate degree in environmental psychology at the University of Surrey, achieving an MSc in 1974. In 1980, she got her Ph.D. in parapsychology from the same university, her thesis being entitled "Extrasensory Perception as a Cognitive Process". She has done research on memes (which she wrote about in her popular book The Meme Machine), evolutionary ...

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Susan Blackmore, Susan Blackmore - Career, Susan Blackmore - Personal life

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The sort of mental processes described as cognitive or cognitive processes are largely influenced by research which has successfully used this paradigm in the past. Consequently this description tends to apply to processes such as memory, attention, perception, action, problem solving and mental imagery. Traditionally emotion was not thought of as a cognitive process. This division is now regarded as largely artificial, and much research is currently being undertaken to examine the cognitive psychology of emotion; research also includes one's awareness ...

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Cognition, Cognition - Cognition in mainstream psychology, Cognition - Influence and influences, Cognition - Cognitive ontology, Cognition - Cognition as compression, Cognition - Cognition as a social process, Cognition - Cognition in a cultural context, Cognition - Example of emergent organization, Cognition - Summary, Cognition - Related fields

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Psychology is an extremely broad field, encompassing many different approaches to the study of mental processes and behavior. Below are the major areas of inquiry that comprise psychology. A comprehensive list of the sub-fields and areas within psychology can be found at the list of psychological topics and List of psychology disciplines. Psychology - Biological basis: the brain. Main articles: Behavioral neuroscience, Cognitive neurosci ...

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Psychology, Psychology - History, Psychology - Principles of psychology, Psychology - Mind and brain, Psychology - Schools of thought, Psychology - Scope of psychology, Psychology - Biological basis: the brain, Psychology - Information processing: the mind, Psychology - Change over time: development, Psychology - Interaction with others, Psychology - Study of animals in psychology, Psychology - Mental health, Psychology - Applied psychology, Psychology - Research methods, Psychology - Controlled experiments, Psychology - Correlational studies, Psychology - Longitudinal studies, Psychology - Neuropsychological methods, Psychology - Computational modeling, Psychology - Criticisms of psychology

Read more here: » Psychology: Encyclopedia II - Psychology - Scope of psychology