Codeine Codeine (INN) or methylmorphine is an opioid used for its analgesic, antitussive and antidiarrheal properties. It is marketed as the salts codeine sulfate and codeine phosphate. Codeine is an alkaloid found in opium in concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 2.5 percent. While codeine can be extracted from opium, most codeine used in the United States is synthesized from morphine through the process of O-methylation. Codeine - Indications. Approved indicat ...

Including:

• Codeine - Indications
• Codeine - Controlled substance
• Codeine - Pharmacokinetics
• Codeine - Pharmacology
• Codeine - Adverse effects
• Codeine - Recreational use

Read more here: » Codeine: Encyclopedia - Codeine

See also:

Codeine, Codeine - Indications, Codeine - Controlled substance, Codeine - Pharmacokinetics, Codeine - Pharmacology, Codeine - Adverse effects, Codeine - Recreational use

Read more here: » Codeine: Encyclopedia II - Codeine - Indications

Codeine is considered a prodrug, since it is metabolised in vivo to the principal active analgesic agent morphine. It is, however, less potent than morphine since only about 10% of the codeine is converted. It also has a correspondingly lower dependence-liability than morphine. Theoretically, a dose of approximately 200 mg (oral) of codeine must be administered to give equivalent analgesia to 30 mg (oral) of morphine (Rossi, 2004). It is not used, however, in single doses of greater than 60mg (and no more than 240 mg i ...

See also:

Codeine, Codeine - Indications, Codeine - Controlled substance, Codeine - Pharmacokinetics, Codeine - Pharmacology, Codeine - Adverse effects, Codeine - Recreational use

Read more here: » Codeine: Encyclopedia II - Codeine - Pharmacokinetics

Co-codamol (BAN) is a non-proprietary name used to denote a combination of codeine phosphate and paracetamol. Co-codamol tablets are used for the relief of mild/moderate pain. Three strengths are available: - Eight mg of codeine phosphate per tablet Fifteen mg of codeine phosphate per tablet Thirty mg of codeine phosphate per tablet All formulations contain 500 mg of paracetamol per tablet. In the UK, the 500+15 mg and 500+30 mg tablets are available only with a prescription. This is also the case in Australia, however 500+15 mg tablets in packs of 12 o ...

Read more here: » Co-codamol: Encyclopedia - Co-codamol

Codeine is often used as a recreational drug. This may be due to its easy availability over-the-counter or on prescription in combination products (which, in the certain countries, are scheduled lower than codeine as a single-agent). People use it in order to obtain the euphoric effects associated with use of opioids. In certain areas of the United States; more specifically Texas, codeine syrup form is called Lean. It is commonly mixed with alcohol, or a blunt and smoked. It has been said this is done because it makes you ...

See also:

Codeine, Codeine - Indications, Codeine - Controlled substance, Codeine - Pharmacokinetics, Codeine - Pharmacology, Codeine - Adverse effects, Codeine - Recreational use

Read more here: » Codeine: Encyclopedia II - Codeine - Recreational use

Codeinone is a strong opioid. It is an intermediary substance in the syntheses of semi-synthetic opioids, e.g. naloxone and naltrexone and oxycodone. Codeinone - Chemical structure. Codeinone can described as the methylether of morphinone: 3-methyl-morphinone. Codeinone can be also described as the ketone of codeine: codein-6-on. {Paracetamol (acetaminophen)} {NSAIDs} {Opiates} {Tetrahydrocannabinol} {Aspirin} {Celecoxib} {Diclofenac} {Diflunisa ...

Including:

• Codeinone - Chemical structure

Read more here: » Codeinone: Encyclopedia - Codeinone

Hydrocodone Hydrocodone or dihydrocodeinone (marketed as Vicodin, Anexsia, Dicodid, Hycodan, Hycomine, Lorcet, Lortab, Norco, Tussionex, Vicoprofen) is an opioid derived from either of the naturally occurring opiates codeine or thebaine. Hydrocodone is an orally active narcotic analgesic and antitussive. The typical therapeutic dose of 5 to 10 mg is pharmacologically equivalent to 30 to 60 mg of oral codeine.Including:

• Hydrocodone - Notes

Read more here: » Hydrocodone: Encyclopedia - Hydrocodone

Alfentanil (Alfenta) is a parenteral short-acting opioid painkiller, used for anaesthesia in surgery. While it gives less cardiovascular complications, it tends to give stronger respiratory depression. Alfentanil is a Schedule I drug under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs[1]. Alfentanil - External link. some more info {Paracetamol (acetaminophen)} {NSAIDs} {Opiates} {Tetrahydrocannabinol} {Aspirin} {Celecoxib} {Diclofenac} {D ...

Including:

• Alfentanil - External link

Read more here: » Alfentanil: Encyclopedia - Alfentanil

An analgesic (colloquially known as painkiller) is any member of the diverse group of drugs used to relieve pain and to achieve analgesia. This derives from Greek an-, "without", and -algia, "pain". Analgesic drugs act in various ways on the peripheral and central nervous system; they include paracetamol (acetaminophen), the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as the salicylates, narcotic drugs such as morphine, synthetic drugs with narcotic properties such as tramadol, and various others. So ...

Including:

• Analgesic - Stepwise use
• Analgesic - The major classes
• Analgesic - Paracetamol and NSAIDs
• Analgesic - Opiates and morphinomimetics
• Analgesic - Specific agents
• Analgesic - Specific forms and uses
• Analgesic - Combinations
• Analgesic - Topical or systemic
• Analgesic - Psychotropic agents
• Analgesic - Addiction
• Analgesic - Reference

Read more here: » Analgesic: Encyclopedia - Analgesic

An alkaloid is a nitrogenous organic molecule that has a pharmacological effect on humans and animals. The name derives from the word alkaline; originally, the term was used to describe any nitrogen-containing base (an amine in modern terms). Alkaloids are found as secondary metabolites in plants (e.g., in potatoes and tomatoes), animals (e.g., in shellfish) and fungi, and can be extracted from their sources by treatment with acids (usually hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, though organic acids such as maleic acid and citric acid are sometimes used). Us ...

Including:

• Alkaloid - Alkaloid classifications

Read more here: » Alkaloid: Encyclopedia - Alkaloid

Carfentanil Carfentanil, also Carfentanyl, is an analogue of the popular opioid Fentanyl, and is one of the most potent opioids known (and the most potent opioid used commercially). It has a quantitative potency approximately 10,000 times that of morphine and 100 times that of fentanyl (activity in humans starting at about 1 µg). It is marketed under the trade name Wildnil as a tranquilizer for large animals. Carfentanyl is intended for animal use only as its extreme ...

Including:

• Carfentanil - Reference

Read more here: » Carfentanil: Encyclopedia - Carfentanil

Barre - Places. Barre is the name or part of the name of several places in the United States of America: Barre, Massachusetts Barre, Vermont Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Barre is also the name or part of the name of communes in France: Barre, in the Tarn département Barre-des-Cévennes, in the Lozère département Barre - People. Jacques-Jean Barre (1793-1855) i ...

Including:

• Barre - Places
• Barre - People
• Barre - Others

Read more here: » Barre: Encyclopedia - Barre

Tylenol (paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen) is a popular American brand of pain reliever and fever reducer, sold by Johnson & Johnson. It is extremely popular because it is available without prescription and it is effective with few side effects, but overdoses of Tylenol are serious and can be fatal. In heavy drinkers, regular use of acetaminophen increases liver damage from alcohol. Unlike NSAIDs, paracetamol is not particularly effec ...

Including:

• Tylenol - External link

Read more here: » Tylenol: Encyclopedia - Tylenol

A cough medicine is a drug used to treat coughing and related conditions. Dry coughs are treated with cough suppressants (antitussives) that suppress the body's urge to cough, while productive coughs (coughs that produce phlegm) are treated with expectorants that loosen mucus from the respiratory tract. Cough medicine - Cough suppressants. Cough suppressants may act centrally (on the brain) or locally (on the respiratory tract) to suppress the cough reflex. Centrally acting suppr ...

Including:

• Cough medicine - Cough suppressants
• Cough medicine - Expectorants
• Cough medicine - Cough drops
• Cough medicine - Controversy
• Cough medicine - Colloquial term usage

Read more here: » Cough medicine: Encyclopedia - Cough medicine

Constipation is a condition of the digestive system where a person (or other animal) experiences hard feces that is difficult to eliminate; it may be extremely painful, and in extreme cases (fecal impaction) lead to symptoms of bowel obstruction. Causes may be dietary, hormonal and anatomical. Treatment is with a change in dietary habits, laxatives, fiber therapy, enemas, and rarely surgery. Constipation - Signs and symptoms. In common constipation, the stool is hard and difficult to void. Straining ...

Including:

• Constipation - Signs and symptoms
• Constipation - Diagnosis
• Constipation - Causes
• Constipation - Treatment
• Constipation - In art

Read more here: » Constipation: Encyclopedia - Constipation

Dextromethorphan (DM or less commonly, DXM) is an antitussive drug that is found in many over-the-counter cold and cough preparations. Dextromethorphan - Chemistry. Dextromethorphan is a salt of the methyl ether dextrorotatory isomer of levorphanol, a narcotic analgesic. It is chemically named as 3-methoxy-17-methyl-9(alpha), 13(alpha), 14(alpha)-morphinan hydrobromide monohydrate. DM occurs as white crystals, is sparingly soluble in water, and freely soluble in alcohol. The drug is dex ...

Including:

• Dextromethorphan - Chemistry
• Dextromethorphan - Indications
• Dextromethorphan - Pharmacodynamics
• Dextromethorphan - Clinical pharmacology
• Dextromethorphan - History

Read more here: » Dextromethorphan: Encyclopedia - Dextromethorphan

Lazaris is self-described as a "multi-leveled consciousness", a nonphysical entity allegedly channelled through Jach Pursel. He first began communication through Jach on 3 October 1974, although he made initial contact with him earlier that year. Allegedly, Lazaris had been preparing Jach for several human lifetimes for the channelling. Lazaris claimed his primary purpose was to communicate with Peny North, which he often did before her accidental death from an o ...

Including:

• Lazaris - Origins

Read more here: » Lazaris: Encyclopedia - Lazaris

Opium is a narcotic analgesic drug which is obtained from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L. or the synonym paeoniflorum). Opium - Harvesting opium. To harvest opium, the skin of the ripening pods is scored by a sharp blade. The slashes exude a white, milky latex, which dries to a sticky brown resin that is scraped off the pods as raw opium. Opium has powerful narcotic properties, and is used as a painkiller in extreme circumstances, such as in terminal stage ...

Including:

• Opium - Harvesting opium
• Opium - Opium preparation
• Opium - Seed Capsules
• Opium - Chemical properties and physiological effects
• Opium - History of opium
• Opium - Medicinal uses
• Opium - Other meanings
• Opium - Photos

Read more here: » Opium: Encyclopedia - Opium

Opioid - Endogenous opioids. Opioid-peptides that are produced in the body: Endorphins Dynorphins Enkephalins Opioid - Opium alkaloids. Phenanthrenes naturally occurring in opium: Morphine Codeine Thebaine Opioid - Semisynthetic derivatives. Diamorphine (heroin) Oxycodone Hydrocodone Dihydrocodeine Hydromorphone Oxymorphone Nicomorphine

Opioid, Opioid - Pharmacology, Opioid - Uses, Opioid - Clinical use, Opioid - Nonclinical use, Opioid - Adverse effects, Opioid - Tolerance, Opioid - Dependence and withdrawal issues, Opioid - Examples of opioids, Opioid - Endogenous opioids, Opioid - Opium alkaloids, Opioid - Semisynthetic derivatives, Opioid - Synthetic opioids, Opioid - Opioid antagonists

Read more here: » Opioid: Encyclopedia II - Opioid - Examples of opioids

The cold water extraction of codeine from over-the-counter painkiller tablets has become a popular route to cheap, readily available euphoria. In many countries tablets are available containing 300mg of aspirin, paracetamol or ibuprofen in combination with 8mg of codeine, a semi-synthetic opiate. Cold water extraction - Method. The tablets are crushed and mixed with a small quantity of warm water. The water is then cooled and filtered to remove the unwanted compounds. The remaining clear and intensely bitter liquid is drunk, often sweetened ...

See also:

Cold water extraction, Cold water extraction - Example, Cold water extraction - Method

Read more here: » Cold water extraction: Encyclopedia II - Cold water extraction - Example