Encyclopedia - Coal: Encyclopedia Ii - Coal - Uses
Coal - Coal as fuel. See also Clean coal Coal is primarily used as a solid fuel to produce heat through combustion. World coal consum...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bituminous Coal: Encyclopedia Ii - Bituminous Coal - Uses
Bituminous coals are graded according to vitrinite reflectance, moisture content, volatile content, plasticity and ash content. Generally...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coal: Encyclopedia Ii - Coal - World Coal Reserves
It has been estimated that, as of 1996, there is around one exagram (1 × 1015 kg) of total coal reserves economically accessible using c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coal: Encyclopedia - Coal
Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by underground mining or open-pit mining (strip mining). It is a readily combustible blac...   » Read the article

Article - Indigo Children: Feng Shui And The New Children  
How does the ancient science and art of feng shui relate to the New Children? Due to their sensitivities, the New Children have often ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bituminous Coal: Encyclopedia - Bituminous Coal
Bituminous coal is a soft coal containing a tar-like substance called bitumen. It is of better quality than lignite coal but of poorer qu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coal Assay: Encyclopedia - Coal Assay
Coal assay techniques are specific analytical methods designed to measure the particlar physical and chemical properties of coals. These ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coal Mining: Encyclopedia - Coal Mining
Coal mining is the extraction of coal from the Earth for use as fuel. Coal mining - Methods of extraction. The most economical of method...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coal Measure: Encyclopedia - Coal Measure
A coal measure (stratigraphic unit) is the name given to any rock sequence that occurs in the upper part of the Carboniferous System in E...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creosote: Encyclopedia - Creosote
Creosote is the name used for a variety of products: wood creosote, coal tar creosote, coal tar, coal tar pitch, and coal tar pitch volat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Clean Coal: Encyclopedia - Clean Coal
Clean coal is coal chemically washed of minerals and impurities, sometimes gasified, burned and the resulting flue gases treated with ste...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coal Tar: Encyclopedia - Coal Tar
Coal tar is the liquid by-product of the distillation of coal to make coke. The gaseous by-product produced by this process is commonly k...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Briquette: Encyclopedia - Briquette
A briquette (or briquet) is a block of flammable matter, such as escaillage, which can be used to start a fire. Some briquettes are compr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Collier: Encyclopedia - Collier
Collier may refer to: a bulk cargo ship that carried coal. They were used both to transport coal between ports and to refuel coal burnin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carboniferous: Encyclopedia - Carboniferous
The Carboniferous is a major division of the geologic timescale that extends from the end of the Devonian period, about 359.2 Ma (million...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coal Region: Encyclopedia - Coal Region
The Coal Region is a term used to refer to an area of Northeastern Pennsylvania in the central Appalachian Mountains comprised of Lackawa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bell Pit: Encyclopedia - Bell Pit
A Bell Pit is a primitive method of mining coal where the coal lies near the surface on flat land. A shaft is sunk to reach the coal whic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carbonization: Encyclopedia - Carbonization
Carbonization is the term for the conversion of an organic substance into carbon or a carbon-containing residue. It is often used in orga...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lignite: Encyclopedia - Lignite
Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, is the lowest rank of coal and used almost exclusively as fuel for steam-electric power generat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coal Oil: Encyclopedia - Coal Oil
Coal oil is an oil used for illuminating purposes, also called "lamp oil." It was formerly obtained from the distillation of mineral wax,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cephalomancy: Encyclopedia - Cephalomancy
Cephalomancy is a form of divination using a goat or donkey's head. Cephalomancy technically means "head divination" and therefore applie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tar: Encyclopedia - Tar
Tar is a viscous black liquid derived from the destructive distillation of organic matter. Most tar is produced from coal as a byproduct ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Flotation: Encyclopedia - Flotation
Flotation is a method for the separation of mixtures. Flotation is a separation technique used widely in the minerals industry, for paper...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anthracene: Encyclopedia - Anthracene
In chemistry, anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of three benzene rings derived from coal-tar. Anthracene ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Syngas: Encyclopedia - Syngas
Syngas (from synthesis gas) is the name given to gases of varying composition that are generated in coal gasification and some types of w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Adit: Encyclopedia - Adit
An adit is a type of entrance to an underground mining operation in which the entrance shaft is horizontal or nearly horizontal. dits are...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wagonway: Encyclopedia - Wagonway
Wagonways are the horses, equipment, and tracks used for hauling wagons which preceded steam powered railways. The idea of using "tracked...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boiler-man: Encyclopedia - Boiler-man
In steam railroading, a fireman or a boiler-man was the designation for someone whose job it was to tend the fire for running the steam e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Conveyor Belt: Encyclopedia - Conveyor Belt
A conveyor belt or belt conveyor consists of two end pulleys, with a continuous loop of material that rotates about them. The pulleys are...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boiler: Encyclopedia - Boiler
A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated under pressure. The steam or hot fluid is then circulated out of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Assab: Encyclopedia - Assab
Assab (or Aseb) is a port in Eritrea on the west coast of the Red Sea. In 1989, it had a population of 39,600. Assab possesses an oil ref...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eosin: Encyclopedia - Eosin
Eosin is an orange-pink dye derived from coal tar. It can be used to stain cytoplasm, collagen and muscle fibers for examination under th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gemstone: Encyclopedia - Gemstone
A gemstone is a mineral, rock (as in lapis lazuli) or petrified material that when cut or faceted and polished is collectible or can be u...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anfo: Encyclopedia - Anfo
ANFO stands for ammonium nitrate/fuel oil (most often diesel fuel, sometimes kerosene). It is by far the most widely used explosive in co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alley: Encyclopedia - Alley
An alley or alleyway is a type of road found in densely populated urban areas. Alleys usually run between or behind buildings to allow fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bituminous Coal: Encyclopedia Ii - Bituminous Coal - Coking Coal
When used for many industrial processes, bituminous coal must first be "coked" to remove volatile components. Coking is achieved by heati...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bituminous Coal: Encyclopedia Ii - Bituminous Coal - Permian Coals
The second largest deposits of the world's bituminous coal is contained within Permian strata in Russia and also in the Bowen Basin in Qu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bituminous Coal: Encyclopedia Ii - Bituminous Coal - Carboniferous Coals
Much North American coal was created when swamps created organic material faster than it could decay, prior to the orogenies that created...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Newcastle Island: Encyclopedia Ii - Newcastle Island - History
Newcastle Island has had quite a journey from a seasonal fishing site for the Coast Salish to the beautiful marine park it is today. Each...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Future Energy Development: Encyclopedia Ii - Future Energy Development - History Of Predictions About Future Energy Development
Ever since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the question of the future of energy supplies has occupied economists. 1865 - Wil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Future Energy Development: Encyclopedia Ii - Future Energy Development - Fossil Fuels
Fossil fuels supply most of the energy consumed today. They are relatively concentrated and pure energy sources and technically easy to e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thomas And Friends - Season 2: Encyclopedia Ii - Thomas And Friends - Season 2 - Episodes
Thomas and Friends - Season 2 - 1. Thomas Percy and the Coal UK Double Trouble US. Thomas and Percy are busy working in the yards on th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Future Energy Development: Encyclopedia Ii - Future Energy Development - Energy Storage And Transportation Fuel
There is a widely held misconception that hydrogen is an alternative energy source. There are no uncombined hydrogen reserves on Earth th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Future Energy Development: Encyclopedia Ii - Future Energy Development - Nuclear Power
Main article: Nuclear power There are presently over 400 nuclear reactors in the world, including several advanced designs (such as the A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coal Assay: Encyclopedia Ii - Coal Assay - Special Combustion Tests
Specific Energy Aside from physical or chemical analyses to determine the handling and pollutant profile of a coal, the energy output of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Future Energy Development: Encyclopedia Ii - Future Energy Development - Increased Efficiency In Current Energy Use
New technology may make better use of already available energy through improved efficiency, such as more efficient fluorescent lamps, eng...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Future Energy Development: Encyclopedia Ii - Future Energy Development - General Considerations
All the energy we consume is generated by using the four fundamental interactions of nature: gravity, electromagnetism, the weak nuclear ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Future Energy Development: Encyclopedia Ii - Future Energy Development - Renewable Energy
Main article: Renewable energy Another possible solution to an energy shortage or predicted future shortage would be to use some of the w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Major Coal Producing Regions: Encyclopedia Ii - Major Coal Producing Regions - Europe
Coal fields in South Wales, Yorkshire and other parts of the United Kingdom used to be major mining areas, however during the 1980s and 1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anthracite Coal: Encyclopedia Ii - Anthracite Coal - Properties
Anthracite is similar in appearance to the mineraloid jet, and is sometimes used to imitate it. Physically, anthracite differs from ordin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coal Strike Of 1902: Encyclopedia Ii - Coal Strike Of 1902 - The Anthracite Coal Strike Commission
The anthracite strike ended, after 163 days, on October 23, 1902. The commissioners began work the next day, then spent a week touring th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coal Strike Of 1902: Encyclopedia Ii - Coal Strike Of 1902 - The Coal Strike Of 1902
The issues that led to the strike of 1900 were just as pressing in 1902. The union hoped to persuade the federal government to intervene ...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Firewalking: New Age Spiritual Dictionary On Firewalking
firewalking Walking on hot coals. Used as mind discipline and awareness training   (See also: Firewalking , Body Mind and Sou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Forge: Encyclopedia Ii - Forge - Types Of Forges
Forge - Coal/coke/charcoal forge. A forge which typically uses bituminous coal, industrial coke or charcoal as the fuel to heat metal. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shanxi: Encyclopedia Ii - Shanxi - Economy
Shanxi depends mostly on agriculture, mainly the cultivation of wheat, but also corn and sorghum. Shanxi is very rich in natural resource...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Economy Of Wales: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of Wales - Economic History
During the 19th century, coal mining and heavy industry dominated the South Wales economy. Thin strips of coal were first found in the 19...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Germanium: Encyclopedia Ii - Germanium - Occurrence
This metal is found in argyrodite (sulfide of germanium and silver); coal; germanite; zinc ores; and other minerals. Germanium is obtaine...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fossil Fuel Power Plant: Encyclopedia Ii - Fossil Fuel Power Plant - Fuel Transport And Delivery
Coal may be delivered by transport truck or railroad cars. A large coal train may be nearly a mile long, containing 100 cars, each with 1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fischer-tropsch Process: Encyclopedia Ii - Fischer-tropsch Process - Utilization
Currently, two companies have commercialised their FT technology. Shell in Bintulu, Malaysia, uses natural gas as a feedstock, and produc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fischer-tropsch Process: Encyclopedia Ii - Fischer-tropsch Process - Utilization
Currently, two companies have commercialised their FT technology. Shell in Bintulu, Malaysia, uses natural gas as a feedstock, and produc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mursko Središće: Encyclopedia Ii - Mursko Središće - Modern Development
With the beginning of the 20th century, development was faster thanks to the discovery of crude oil in nearby Selnica and Peklenica in 18...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mackay Queensland: Encyclopedia Ii - Mackay Queensland - Economy
Mining constitutes around one third (AU$1500 million) of the Mackay region's annual gross product largely because of the coal loading ter...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fuel: Encyclopedia Ii - Fuel - Fuels
Fuel - Solid fuels. There are many different types of fuel. Solid fuels include coal, wood and peat. All these types of fuel are combus...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Road To Wigan Pier: Encyclopedia Ii - The Road To Wigan Pier - Name Of The Book
The name of the book comes from a music hall routine by a British comedian. Although a pier is a structure built out into the water from ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Taber Alberta: Encyclopedia Ii - Taber Alberta - History
Originally, Taber was known as "Tank No. 77," and was used by the railway to fill up on water. In 1903, it is said that the first Mormon ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Quecreek Mine Rescue: Encyclopedia Ii - Quecreek Mine Rescue - Accident And Rescue
On July 24, 2002, coal miners at the Quecreek Mine in Somerset County, Pennsylvania owned by Black Wolf Coal Company accidentally dug int...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Town Gas: Encyclopedia Ii - Town Gas - Manufacturing Process
Manufactured gas is made by two processes: carbonization or gasification. Carbonization refers to the devolitalization of an organic feed...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Town Gas: Encyclopedia Ii - Town Gas - Manufacturing Process
Manufactured gas is made by two processes: carbonization or gasification. Carbonization refers to the devolatilization of an organic feed...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mining In Limburg: Encyclopedia Ii - Mining In Limburg - State Interference
Around 1900 the first voices were raised to plead for nationalization of the Limburg coal fields, in the context of the threat of war in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - March Cambridgeshire: Encyclopedia Ii - March Cambridgeshire - Market
The town probably owes its origin to the ford on the old course of the Nene, where the road between Ely and Wisbech, the two chief towns ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boiler: Encyclopedia Ii - Boiler - Overview
Construction of boilers is mainly limited to copper, steel and cast iron. In Live steam toys, brass is often used. Sources of heat for th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geography Of Mongolia: Encyclopedia Ii - Geography Of Mongolia - Resources And Land Use
Natural resources: petroleum, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold Land use: arable land: 1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geography Of Indonesia: Encyclopedia Ii - Geography Of Indonesia - Resources And Land Use
Natural resources: petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver Land use: arable land:...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geography Of Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - Geography Of Poland - Resources And Land Use
Natural resources: coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, iron, zinc, lead, salt, arable land Land use: arable land: 47% permanent crops: 1% ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heating Value: Encyclopedia Ii - Heating Value - Comparison Of Fuels
Heating value - Fuel needed to run a lightbulb 100 W for a year. 876 lb of coal 508 lb of oil 377 lb of natural gas 324 lb of natural...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Oil Shale: Encyclopedia Ii - Oil Shale - History
Oil shale has been used since ancient times and can be used directly as a fuel just like coal. The modern use of oil shale to produce oil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Natural Gas: Encyclopedia Ii - Natural Gas - Sources
Natural gas is commercially produced from oil fields and natural gas fields. Gas produced from oil wells is called casinghead gas or asso...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cogeneration: Encyclopedia Ii - Cogeneration - Overview
Thermal power plants (including those that use uranium or burn coal, petroleum, or natural gas) do not convert all of their available ene...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cogeneration: Encyclopedia Ii - Cogeneration - Overview
Thermal power plants (including those that use fissile elements or burn coal, petroleum, or natural gas) do not convert all of their avai...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alternative Fuel Cars: Encyclopedia Ii - Alternative Fuel Cars - Steam
A steam car is a car that has a steam engine. Wood, coal, ethanol, or others can be used as fuel. The fuel is burned in a boiler and the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geography Of Georgia: Encyclopedia Ii - Geography Of Georgia - Resources And Land Use
Natural resources: forests, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and petroleum deposits; coastal climate and soil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Geography Of Iran: Encyclopedia Ii - Geography Of Iran - Resources And Land Use
Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur arable land: 10% permanent cro...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shampoo: Encyclopedia Ii - Shampoo - Specialized Shampoos
There are shampoos available specifically for those who have dandruff. Such shampoos contain zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide etc. These...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jackhammer: Encyclopedia Ii - Jackhammer - Hydraulic Operation
A hydraulic jackhammer (on a much larger scale than the portable ones) may be fitted to mechanical excavators and is widely used on roadw...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shampoo: Encyclopedia Ii - Shampoo - Specialized Shampoos
There are shampoos available specifically for those who have dandruff. Such shampoos contain zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide etc. These...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chungcheongbuk-do: Encyclopedia Ii - Chungcheongbuk-do - Resources
Agricultural products includes rice, barley, beans, and sweet potatoes, but the province specializes in ginseng and tobacco. The tobacco ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coppicing: Encyclopedia Ii - Coppicing - Current Practice
In Europe coppiced hardwoods were extensively used in shipbuilding (wooden ships) or carriagebuilding, and are now still grown, albeit in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gasification: Encyclopedia Ii - Gasification - Gasification Processes
Four types of gasifier are currently available for commercial use: counter-current fixed bed, co-current fixed bed, fluid bed and entrain...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lifo: Encyclopedia Ii - Lifo - Accounting
In accounting, LIFO has historically been used to record the value of inventory. Under LIFO, a firm records the last units purchased as t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Town Gas: Encyclopedia Ii - Town Gas - Early History Of Gas Production By Gasification
1850s: Gas producers invented, water gas process discovered. Mond Gas: 1850s Europeans discover that using coal instead of coke in a prod...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Methanol: Encyclopedia Ii - Methanol - Production
Today, synthesis gas is most commonly produced from the methane component in natural gas rather than from coal. Three processes are comme...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bridgewater Canal: Encyclopedia Ii - Bridgewater Canal - The Route
The original section of the canal runs from Castlefield Basin in Manchester city centre. This is where the canal terminates, and joins to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Balloon Loop: Encyclopedia Ii - Balloon Loop - Use
Balloon loops can be useful for passenger trains, and unit freight trains, such as coal trains. Balloon loops do not include track layout...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coal: Encyclopedia Ii - Coal - World Coal Reserves
It has been estimated that, as of 1996, there is around one exagram (1 × 1015 kg) of total coal reserves accessible using current mining...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coal: Encyclopedia Ii - Coal - Composition
Carbon forms more than 50 percent by weight and more than 70 percent by volume of coal (this includes inherent moisture). This is dependa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coal: Encyclopedia Ii - Coal - Composition
Carbon forms more than 50 percent by weight and more than 70 percent by volume of coal (this includes inherent moisture). This is depende...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coal: Encyclopedia Ii - Coal - Coal Fires
There are hundreds of coal fires burning around the world.[8] Those burning underground can be difficult to locate and many can not be ex...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coal: Encyclopedia Ii - Coal - Creation
Coal is formed from plant remains that have been compacted, hardened, chemically altered, and metamorphosed by heat and pressure over geo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coal: Encyclopedia Ii - Coal - Etymology And Folklore
The word "coal" came from Anglo-Saxon col, which meant charcoal. Coal was not mined in Britain before the late Middle Ages; i.e. after ca...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coal: Encyclopedia Ii - Coal - Etymology And Folklore
The word "coal" came from Anglo-Saxon col, which meant charcoal. Coal was not mined in Britain before late Middle Ages; i.e. after ca. 10...   » Read the article