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Clinical trials | A Wisdom Archive on Clinical trials | | Clinical trials A selection of articles related to Clinical trials | |
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clinical trials
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Clinical trials | | | |  Clinical trials: Encyclopedia II - Evidence-based medicine - Limitations of available evidenceIt is recognised that not all evidence is made accessible, that this can limit the effectiveness of any approach, and that effort to reduce various publication and retrieval biases is required.
Failure to publish negative trials is the most obvious gap, and moves to register all trials at the outset, and then to pursue their results are underway. Changes in publication methods, particularly related to the Web should reduce the difficulty of getting a paper on a trial that concludes ...
See also:Evidence-based medicine, Evidence-based medicine - Overview, Evidence-based medicine - History, Evidence-based medicine - Qualification of evidence, Evidence-based medicine - Categories of recommendations, Evidence-based medicine - Limitations of available evidence, Evidence-based medicine - Criticism of evidence-based medicine, Evidence-based medicine - Note Read more here: » Evidence-based medicine: Encyclopedia II - Evidence-based medicine - Limitations of available evidence |
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| | | | | Clinical trials: Encyclopedia II - Memantine - Clinical use
Memantine - Indications.
Memantine is indicated for the treatment of the symptoms of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. (Joint Formulary Committee, 2004; Rossi, 2006)
Memantine has been associated with a moderate decrease in clinical deterioration in Alzheimer's disease. (Rossi, 2006) A systematic review of randomised controlled trials found that memantine has a small positive effect on cognition, mood, behaviour, and the ability to perform daily activities in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease, but an unknown effect in mild ...
See also:Memantine, Memantine - Pharmacology, Memantine - NMDA receptor, Memantine - 5-HT3, Memantine - Clinical use, Memantine - Indications, Memantine - Adverse drug reactions Read more here: » Memantine: Encyclopedia II - Memantine - Clinical use |
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| | | | | Clinical trials: Encyclopedia II - Lupus erythematosus - Classification The American College of Rheumatology has established eleven criteria in 1982[1], which were revised in 1997[2], as a classificatory instrument to operationalise the definition of SLE in clinical trials. They were not intended to be used to diagnose individual patients and do not do well in that capacity. A patient must present with four of the eleven criteria, either simultaneously or serially, during a given period of observation, to be classified as having SLE — for the purposes of inclusion in clinical trials.
Malar rash (r ...
See also:Lupus erythematosus, Lupus erythematosus - Signs and symptoms, Lupus erythematosus - Dermatological manifestations, Lupus erythematosus - Musculoskeletal manifestations, Lupus erythematosus - Hematological manifestations, Lupus erythematosus - Cardiac manifestations, Lupus erythematosus - Renal involvement, Lupus erythematosus - Neurological manifestations, Lupus erythematosus - T-cell abnormalities, Lupus erythematosus - Diagnosis, Lupus erythematosus - Classification, Lupus erythematosus - Etiology, Lupus erythematosus - Genetics, Lupus erythematosus - Environmental causes, Lupus erythematosus - Drug-induced lupus, Lupus erythematosus - Pathophysiology, Lupus erythematosus - Abnormalities in apoptosis, Lupus erythematosus - Complement pathway, Lupus erythematosus - Treatment, Lupus erythematosus - Epidemiology, Lupus erythematosus - Prognosis, Lupus erythematosus - History Read more here: » Lupus erythematosus: Encyclopedia II - Lupus erythematosus - Classification |
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| | | | | | | | Clinical trials: Encyclopedia II - Zopiclone - Adverse Reactions The side-effect most commonly seen in clinical trials is taste alteration (bitter, metallic taste).
Zopiclone - More Common Reactions:.
Gastrointestinal: bitter metallic taste, dry mouth.
Nervous System: drowsiness, headaches, fatigue.
Zopiclone - Less Common Reactions:.
Gastrointestinal: heartburn, constipation, diarrhoea, nausea, coated tongue, bad breath, anorexia or increased appetite, vomiting, epigastric pains, dyspepsia.
C ...
See also:Zopiclone, Zopiclone - Adverse Reactions, Zopiclone - More Common Reactions:, Zopiclone - Less Common Reactions:, Zopiclone - External link Read more here: » Zopiclone: Encyclopedia II - Zopiclone - Adverse Reactions |
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| | | | | Clinical trials: Encyclopedia II - Oncology - Ethical issues There are a number of recurring ethical questions and dilemmas in oncological practice. These include:
What information to give the patient regarding disease extent/progression/prognosis.
Entry into clinical trials, especially in the face of terminal illness.
Withdrawal of active treatment.
"Do Not Resuscitate" orders and other end of life issues.
These issues are closely related to the patients' personality, religion, culture, personal, and family life. The answers are rare ...
See also:Oncology, Oncology - Diagnosis, Oncology - Therapy, Oncology - Follow-up, Oncology - Palliative care, Oncology - Ethical issues, Oncology - Progress and research in oncology, Oncology - Complementary and Alternative therapies Read more here: » Oncology: Encyclopedia II - Oncology - Ethical issues |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | Clinical trials: Encyclopedia II - St John's wort - Dose/Formulations The dosage of St John's wort preparations vary greatly between formulations, due to variability in the plant source and preparation processes. The doses of St. John’s wort extract used in clinical trials generally range from 350 to 1800 mg daily (equivalent to 0.4 to 2.7 mg hypericin depending on the preparation). (Linde & Mulrow, 2003)
The recommended dosage for various forms of St John's wort as recommended by the British Herbal Medicine Association Scientific Committee (1983) are as follows:
dried herb: 2-4 g or ...
See also:St John's wort, St John's wort - The plant, St John's wort - Uses of the herb, St John's wort - Clinical evidence, St John's wort - Evidence for efficacy, St John's wort - Evidence against efficacy, St John's wort - Pharmacology, St John's wort - Dose/Formulations, St John's wort - Adverse effects, St John's wort - Drug interactions, St John's wort - Pharmacokinetic interactions, St John's wort - Pharmacodynamic interactions Read more here: » St John's wort: Encyclopedia II - St John's wort - Dose/Formulations |
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| | | | | Clinical trials: Encyclopedia II - Pharmaceutical company - Drug discovery Drug discovery is the process by which drugs are discovered and/or designed. In the past most drugs have been discovered either by identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery. The new approach has been to understand how disease and infection are controlled at the molecular and physiology level and to target specific entities based on this knowledge.
New drugs begin in the laboratory with chemists, scientists and pharmacologists who identify cellular and genetic factors that play a role in ...
See also:Pharmaceutical company, Pharmaceutical company - History, Pharmaceutical company - Biotechnology company, Pharmaceutical company - Drug discovery, Pharmaceutical company - Target identification, Pharmaceutical company - Target prioritization/validation, Pharmaceutical company - Lead identification, Pharmaceutical company - Lead optimization, Pharmaceutical company - Drug development, Pharmaceutical company - Phase I Clinical Studies, Pharmaceutical company - Phase II Clinical Studies, Pharmaceutical company - Phase III Clinical Studies, Pharmaceutical company - New Drug Application, Pharmaceutical company - Orphan drug, Pharmaceutical company - Post-approval surveillance, Pharmaceutical company - Phase IIIb/IV Studies, Pharmaceutical company - Post-Market Studies, Pharmaceutical company - Products, Pharmaceutical company - Drug information, Pharmaceutical company - ICD and DRG, Pharmaceutical company - Revenues, Pharmaceutical company - Industry revenues, Pharmaceutical company - Patents and Generics, Pharmaceutical company - Medicare Part D, Pharmaceutical company - Sales and marketing, Pharmaceutical company - The pharmaceutical industry is different, Pharmaceutical company - Advertising to physicians, Pharmaceutical company - Direct to consumer, Pharmaceutical company - The payers, Pharmaceutical company - Mergers acquisitions and co-marketing of drugs, Pharmaceutical company - Controversy, Pharmaceutical company - Bibliography, Pharmaceutical company - Controversy, Pharmaceutical company - Drug discovery and development, Pharmaceutical company - Management mergers acquisitions co-marketing deals, Pharmaceutical company - Sales and marketing Read more here: » Pharmaceutical company: Encyclopedia II - Pharmaceutical company - Drug discovery |
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| | | | | Clinical trials: Encyclopedia II - Pharmaceutical company - Products
Pharmaceutical company - Drug information.
Drug information and data are provided by the FDA and are located at the Orange Book site. Drug information is commercially available at eKnowledgebase.
Pharmaceutical company - ICD and DRG.
Diseases are classified by ICD-9 codes. These ICD codes are aggregated into approximately 500 diagnosis-related g ...
See also:Pharmaceutical company, Pharmaceutical company - History, Pharmaceutical company - Biotechnology company, Pharmaceutical company - Drug discovery, Pharmaceutical company - Target identification, Pharmaceutical company - Target prioritization/validation, Pharmaceutical company - Lead identification, Pharmaceutical company - Lead optimization, Pharmaceutical company - Drug development, Pharmaceutical company - Phase I Clinical Studies, Pharmaceutical company - Phase II Clinical Studies, Pharmaceutical company - Phase III Clinical Studies, Pharmaceutical company - New Drug Application, Pharmaceutical company - Orphan drug, Pharmaceutical company - Post-approval surveillance, Pharmaceutical company - Phase IIIb/IV Studies, Pharmaceutical company - Post-Market Studies, Pharmaceutical company - Products, Pharmaceutical company - Drug information, Pharmaceutical company - ICD and DRG, Pharmaceutical company - Revenues, Pharmaceutical company - Industry revenues, Pharmaceutical company - Patents and Generics, Pharmaceutical company - Medicare Part D, Pharmaceutical company - Sales and marketing, Pharmaceutical company - The pharmaceutical industry is different, Pharmaceutical company - Advertising to physicians, Pharmaceutical company - Direct to consumer, Pharmaceutical company - The payers, Pharmaceutical company - Mergers acquisitions and co-marketing of drugs, Pharmaceutical company - Controversy, Pharmaceutical company - Bibliography, Pharmaceutical company - Controversy, Pharmaceutical company - Drug discovery and development, Pharmaceutical company - Management mergers acquisitions co-marketing deals, Pharmaceutical company - Sales and marketing Read more here: » Pharmaceutical company: Encyclopedia II - Pharmaceutical company - Products |
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| | | | | Clinical trials: Encyclopedia II - Pharmaceutical company - Revenues
Pharmaceutical company - Industry revenues.
2004 global dollar volume was $550 billion, a 7 percent increase over 2003—which in turn represented a 9 percent increase over 2002. US sales grew to $235.4 billion, a growth rate of 8.3 percent compared with 11.5 percent growth from 2002 to 2003 [8]. The United States accounts for 46 percent of the world's pharmaceutical market.
According to Teradata Magazine,[9] "By 2007, $40 billion in U.S. sales will be lost at the top 10 pharma companies as a result of the ...
See also:Pharmaceutical company, Pharmaceutical company - History, Pharmaceutical company - Biotechnology company, Pharmaceutical company - Drug discovery, Pharmaceutical company - Target identification, Pharmaceutical company - Target prioritization/validation, Pharmaceutical company - Lead identification, Pharmaceutical company - Lead optimization, Pharmaceutical company - Drug development, Pharmaceutical company - Phase I Clinical Studies, Pharmaceutical company - Phase II Clinical Studies, Pharmaceutical company - Phase III Clinical Studies, Pharmaceutical company - New Drug Application, Pharmaceutical company - Orphan drug, Pharmaceutical company - Post-approval surveillance, Pharmaceutical company - Phase IIIb/IV Studies, Pharmaceutical company - Post-Market Studies, Pharmaceutical company - Products, Pharmaceutical company - Drug information, Pharmaceutical company - ICD and DRG, Pharmaceutical company - Revenues, Pharmaceutical company - Industry revenues, Pharmaceutical company - Patents and Generics, Pharmaceutical company - Medicare Part D, Pharmaceutical company - Sales and marketing, Pharmaceutical company - The pharmaceutical industry is different, Pharmaceutical company - Advertising to physicians, Pharmaceutical company - Direct to consumer, Pharmaceutical company - The payers, Pharmaceutical company - Mergers acquisitions and co-marketing of drugs, Pharmaceutical company - Controversy, Pharmaceutical company - Bibliography, Pharmaceutical company - Controversy, Pharmaceutical company - Drug discovery and development, Pharmaceutical company - Management mergers acquisitions co-marketing deals, Pharmaceutical company - Sales and marketing Read more here: » Pharmaceutical company: Encyclopedia II - Pharmaceutical company - Revenues |
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| | | | | Clinical trials: Encyclopedia II - Pharmaceutical company - Sales and marketing
Pharmaceutical company - The pharmaceutical industry is different.
The pharmaceutical industry is different from most industries in that the products are usually not chosen by the consumers or paid for by the consumers. Physicians control the choice of many drugs through prescription writing. Private or public insurance often pays for most of the drugs. Moreover, insurance companies restrict the drugs that can be prescribed through the use of formularies. This along with the high margins for the industry make pharmaceutical marketing a complex discipline.
...
See also:Pharmaceutical company, Pharmaceutical company - History, Pharmaceutical company - Biotechnology company, Pharmaceutical company - Drug discovery, Pharmaceutical company - Target identification, Pharmaceutical company - Target prioritization/validation, Pharmaceutical company - Lead identification, Pharmaceutical company - Lead optimization, Pharmaceutical company - Drug development, Pharmaceutical company - Phase I Clinical Studies, Pharmaceutical company - Phase II Clinical Studies, Pharmaceutical company - Phase III Clinical Studies, Pharmaceutical company - New Drug Application, Pharmaceutical company - Orphan drug, Pharmaceutical company - Post-approval surveillance, Pharmaceutical company - Phase IIIb/IV Studies, Pharmaceutical company - Post-Market Studies, Pharmaceutical company - Products, Pharmaceutical company - Drug information, Pharmaceutical company - ICD and DRG, Pharmaceutical company - Revenues, Pharmaceutical company - Industry revenues, Pharmaceutical company - Patents and Generics, Pharmaceutical company - Medicare Part D, Pharmaceutical company - Sales and marketing, Pharmaceutical company - The pharmaceutical industry is different, Pharmaceutical company - Advertising to physicians, Pharmaceutical company - Direct to consumer, Pharmaceutical company - The payers, Pharmaceutical company - Mergers acquisitions and co-marketing of drugs, Pharmaceutical company - Controversy, Pharmaceutical company - Bibliography, Pharmaceutical company - Controversy, Pharmaceutical company - Drug discovery and development, Pharmaceutical company - Management mergers acquisitions co-marketing deals, Pharmaceutical company - Sales and marketing Read more here: » Pharmaceutical company: Encyclopedia II - Pharmaceutical company - Sales and marketing |
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| | | | | Clinical trials: Encyclopedia II - Pharmaceutical company - Bibliography
Pharmaceutical company - Controversy.
Ray Moynihan, Alan Cassels: Selling sickness: How the world's biggest pharmaceutical companies are turning us all into patients". Nation Books, New York, 2005.
Merrill Goozner: The $800 million pill. [14] University of California Press, Berkeley, 2004, 297 S. ISBN 0-520-23945-8.
Marcia Angell: The truth about the drug companies. Random House, New York, 2004, 305 S. ISBN 0-375-50846-5.
On The Take: How Medicine's Complicity With B ...
See also:Pharmaceutical company, Pharmaceutical company - History, Pharmaceutical company - Biotechnology company, Pharmaceutical company - Drug discovery, Pharmaceutical company - Target identification, Pharmaceutical company - Target prioritization/validation, Pharmaceutical company - Lead identification, Pharmaceutical company - Lead optimization, Pharmaceutical company - Drug development, Pharmaceutical company - Phase I Clinical Studies, Pharmaceutical company - Phase II Clinical Studies, Pharmaceutical company - Phase III Clinical Studies, Pharmaceutical company - New Drug Application, Pharmaceutical company - Orphan drug, Pharmaceutical company - Post-approval surveillance, Pharmaceutical company - Phase IIIb/IV Studies, Pharmaceutical company - Post-Market Studies, Pharmaceutical company - Products, Pharmaceutical company - Drug information, Pharmaceutical company - ICD and DRG, Pharmaceutical company - Revenues, Pharmaceutical company - Industry revenues, Pharmaceutical company - Patents and Generics, Pharmaceutical company - Medicare Part D, Pharmaceutical company - Sales and marketing, Pharmaceutical company - The pharmaceutical industry is different, Pharmaceutical company - Advertising to physicians, Pharmaceutical company - Direct to consumer, Pharmaceutical company - The payers, Pharmaceutical company - Mergers acquisitions and co-marketing of drugs, Pharmaceutical company - Controversy, Pharmaceutical company - Bibliography, Pharmaceutical company - Controversy, Pharmaceutical company - Drug discovery and development, Pharmaceutical company - Management mergers acquisitions co-marketing deals, Pharmaceutical company - Sales and marketing Read more here: » Pharmaceutical company: Encyclopedia II - Pharmaceutical company - Bibliography |
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| | | | | Clinical trials: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Mesereau - Legal service to the community Balancing Mr. Mesereau's high-profile courtroom career achievements are his many pro bono legal projects aiding the needy and powerless, particularly those in the African-American community. He regularly donates two Sundays a month to serving low income, indigent, and minority clients with their legal matters--from the mundane to the life-altering--at a monthly legal clinic in South Los Angeles operated by the First AME Church and the UCLA School of Law. In addition, Mesereau donates his time, personal funds, and criminal defense skills once a year to represent low income, African-American crimin ...
See also:Thomas Mesereau, Thomas Mesereau - Education and early career, Thomas Mesereau - The Robert Blake murder trial, Thomas Mesereau - The 2005 Michael Jackson child molestation trial, Thomas Mesereau - Legal service to the community, Thomas Mesereau - Private life, Thomas Mesereau - Trivia, Thomas Mesereau - Footnotes Read more here: » Thomas Mesereau: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Mesereau - Legal service to the community |
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