clinical trial - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Pharmaceutical Company: Encyclopedia Ii - Pharmaceutical Company - Drug Discovery
Drug discovery is the process by which drugs are discovered and/or designed. In the past most drugs have been discovered either by identi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Clinical Protocol: Encyclopedia - Clinical Protocol
A Clinical Trial Protocol is a document that describes the objective(s), design, methodology, statistical considerations, and organizatio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pharmaceutical Company: Encyclopedia Ii - Pharmaceutical Company - Drug Development
Drug development is considered a costly and intensive process. Of all compounds investigated for use in humans only a small fraction is e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study: Encyclopedia - Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study
The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (also known under the abbreviation 4S) is a multicenter clinical trial that was performed in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Age-related Eye Disease Study: Encyclopedia - Age-related Eye Disease Study
The Age-Related Eye Disease Study was a clinical trial sponsored by the National Eye Institute, one of the National Institutes of Health ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cocaine: Encyclopedia - Cocaine
Cocaine 3-benzoyloxy-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo [3.2.1]octane-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester CAS number 50-36-2 ATC code N01BC01 used rarely ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Buprenorphine: Encyclopedia - Buprenorphine
Buprenorphine Buprenorphine, also colloquially referred to as bupe, is an opioid drug with partial agonist and antagonist actions. Bupre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Placebo: Encyclopedia - Placebo
A placebo, from the Latin for "I will please", is a medical treatment (operation, therapy, chemical solution, pill, etc.), which is admin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pharmaceutical Company: Encyclopedia Ii - Pharmaceutical Company - Revenues
Pharmaceutical company - Industry revenues. 2004 global dollar volume was $550 billion, a 7 percent increase over 2003—which in turn ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pharmaceutical Company: Encyclopedia Ii - Pharmaceutical Company - Products
Pharmaceutical company - Drug information. Drug information and data are provided by the FDA and are located at the Orange Book site. D...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pharmaceutical Company: Encyclopedia Ii - Pharmaceutical Company - Sales And Marketing
Pharmaceutical company - The pharmaceutical industry is different. The pharmaceutical industry is different from most industries in tha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pharmaceutical Company: Encyclopedia Ii - Pharmaceutical Company - Bibliography
Pharmaceutical company - Controversy. Ray Moynihan, Alan Cassels: Selling sickness: How the world's biggest pharmaceutical companies a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pharmaceutical Company: Encyclopedia Ii - Pharmaceutical Company - Post-approval Surveillance
Some medications only show to have safety issues after they are marketed, as clinical trials are of a limited size, such as the 3,000 tes...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antidepressant: Encyclopedia - Antidepressant
An antidepressant is a medication designed to treat or alleviate the symptoms of clinical depression. Some antidepressants, notably the t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cocaine: Encyclopedia Ii - Cocaine - Pharmacology
Cocaine - Appearance. Cocaine in its purest form is an off-white or pink chunky product. Cocaine appearing in powder form is a salt, ty...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Placebo Effect: Encyclopedia Ii - Placebo Effect - Placebo-controlled Studies
It was reported that about a quarter of patients who were administered a placebo, e.g. against back pain, reported a relief or diminution...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Medicine: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Medicine - Recent Studies
Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observation on male British doctors Authors: R. Doll, R. Peto, J. Boreham, I. Sutherland Pub...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Iron Deficiency Anemia: Encyclopedia Ii - Iron Deficiency Anemia - Diagnosis
Anemia will be diagnosed on the basis of suggestive symptoms, or found on the basis of routine testing, which includes a complete blood c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cyberkinetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Cyberkinetics - Competitors
Plexon Inc, Dallas, Texas ... See also:Cyberkinetics, Cyberkinetics - Competitors   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Randomized Controlled Trial: Encyclopedia Ii - Randomized Controlled Trial - Types Of Trials
Randomized trials are employed to test efficacy while avoiding these factors. Trials may be open, blind or double-blind. Randomized cont...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antidepressant: Encyclopedia Ii - Antidepressant - Treatment Strategies
On efficacy measures, a successful antidepressant trial involves just 50 percent or more of the test subjects on the drug responding to t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Relative Risk: Encyclopedia Ii - Relative Risk - Association With Odds Ratio
Relative risk is different from odds ratio, although asymptotically approaches odds ratio for small probabilities. In fact, odds ratio ha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Placebo: Encyclopedia Ii - Placebo - Early Use Of Placebos
Originally, the placebo was a substance that a well-meaning doctor would give to a patient, telling him that it was a powerful drug (e.g....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - British Doctors Study: Encyclopedia Ii - British Doctors Study - Context
Although there had been suspicions of a link between smoking and various diseases, the evidence for this link had been largely circumstan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antidepressant: Encyclopedia Ii - Antidepressant - Treatment Strategies
On efficacy measures, a successful antidepressant trial involves just 50 % or more of the test subjects on the drug responding to the med...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Regression Dilution: Encyclopedia Ii - Regression Dilution - How To Correct For Regression Dilution
Regression dilution - The case of a randomly distributed x variable. The case that the x variable arises randomly is known as the struc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Regulatory Requirement: Encyclopedia Ii - Regulatory Requirement - Drug Discovery And Development
The process of drug discovery and development begins with improvements in the understanding of disease. Basic scientific research will id...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cocaine: Encyclopedia Ii - Cocaine - Pharmacology
Cocaine - Appearance. Cocaine in its purest form is an off-white or pink chunky product. Cocaine appearing in powder form is a salt, ty...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Buprenorphine: Encyclopedia Ii - Buprenorphine - Clinical Use
Buprenorphine is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, peri-operative analgesia, and opioid dependence. It has a longer...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cocaine: Encyclopedia Ii - Cocaine - Cocaine Addiction
Cocaine addiction is the obsessive or uncontrollable abuse of cocaine. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) shows promising results. Spirit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cocaine: Encyclopedia Ii - Cocaine - History
Cocaine - The coca leaf. For thousands of years and still today, South American indigenous peoples have chewed the coca leaf (Erythroxy...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cocaine: Encyclopedia Ii - Cocaine - Usage
Cocaine - In the United States. The National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) reported in 1999 that cocaine was used by 3.7 mill...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - British Doctors Study: Encyclopedia Ii - British Doctors Study - Statistical Analysis
Response rates were quite high, making appropriate statistical analyses possible. The result was, that both lung cancer and "coronary thr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - British Doctors Study: Encyclopedia Ii - British Doctors Study - Impact And Personalities
The true impact of the study is difficult to gauge, as smoking was not considered a public health problem in the 1950s, and the appreciat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Regulatory Requirement: Encyclopedia Ii - Regulatory Requirement - Regulatory Review: New Drug Application Nda
An application to the FDA for approval to market a new drug. All information about the drug gathered during the drug discovery and devel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Regulatory Requirement: Encyclopedia Ii - Regulatory Requirement - Phase Iii Clinical Evaluation
Controlled and uncontrolled clinical trial of a drug's safety and effectiveness in hospital and outpatient settings. Phase III studies g...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cocaine: Encyclopedia Ii - Cocaine - History
Cocaine - The coca leaf. For thousands of years and still today, South American indigenous peoples have chewed the coca leaf (Erythroxy...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - British Doctors Study: Encyclopedia Ii - British Doctors Study - The Study
In October 1951, the researchers wrote to all registered male physicians in the United Kingdom, and obtained responses in two-thirds, 344...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Regulatory Requirement: Encyclopedia Ii - Regulatory Requirement - Regulatory Review:
Investigational New Drug (IND) Application: An application filed with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) prior to human testing....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cocaine: Encyclopedia Ii - Cocaine - Works Concerning Cocaine
Cocaine - Books about cocaine. Cocaine: an unauthorized biography by Dominic Streatfeild Novel, With Cocaine, by M. Ageyev Über Coca ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cocaine: Encyclopedia Ii - Cocaine - Usage
Cocaine - In the United States. The National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) reported in 1999 that cocaine was used by 3.7 mill...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antidepressant: Encyclopedia Ii - Antidepressant - Controversy
Several studies have stimulated doubt about the effectiveness of antidepressants. The studies cite that the difference between antidepres...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Regression Dilution: Encyclopedia Ii - Regression Dilution - Introduction
Regression dilution is a statistical phenomena also known as "attenuation". Consider fitting a straight line (linear regression) for the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cocaine: Encyclopedia Ii - Cocaine - Cocaine Addiction
Cocaine addiction is the obsessive or uncontrollable abuse of cocaine. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) shows promising results. Spirit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Regulatory Requirement: Encyclopedia Ii - Regulatory Requirement - Phase I Clinical Evaluation
The first testing of a new compound in human subjects, for the purpose of establishing the tolerance of healthy human subjects at differ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Placebo Effect: Encyclopedia Ii - Placebo Effect - Placebo And Pain
Studies on humans are revealing the neural mechanisms of placebo effects. Some of the best research is in the area of pain research. Peop...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antidepressant: Encyclopedia Ii - Antidepressant - Classes And Members
Antidepressant - Classes. Further information: List of antidepressants Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) Tricyclic antidepressant...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Buprenorphine: Encyclopedia Ii - Buprenorphine - Commercial Preparations
Britsh firm Reckitt & Colman (now Reckitt Benckiser) first marketed buprenorphine under the trade names Temgesic (sublingual/parenter...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Buprenorphine: Encyclopedia Ii - Buprenorphine - Pharmacology And Pharmacokinetics
Buprenorphine is a thebaine derivative, and its analgesic effect is due to partial agonist activity at μ-opioid receptors. Buprenorphine...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antidepressant: Encyclopedia Ii - Antidepressant - Controversy
Several studies have stimulated doubt about the effectiveness of antidepressants. The studies cite that the difference between antidepres...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antidepressant: Encyclopedia Ii - Antidepressant - Tolerance And Dependance
Antidepressants are not thought to produce tolerance, although sudden withdrawal may produce adverse effects. Antidepressants create litt...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antidepressant: Encyclopedia Ii - Antidepressant - Side Effects
Antidepressants can often cause side effects, and an inability to tolerate these is the most common cause of discontinuing the medication...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cocaine: Encyclopedia Ii - Cocaine - Legal Status
The production, the distribution and the sales of cocaine products are restricted (and illegal in most contexts) in most countries. Coca...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cocaine: Encyclopedia Ii - Cocaine - Works Concerning Cocaine
Cocaine - Books about cocaine. Cocaine: an unauthorized biography by Dominic Streatfeild Novel, With Cocaine, by M. Ageyev Über Coca ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Randomized Controlled Trial: Encyclopedia Ii - Randomized Controlled Trial - Difficulties
A major difficulty in dealing with trial results comes from commercial, political and/or academic pressure. Most trials are expensive to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antidepressant: Encyclopedia Ii - Antidepressant - Classes And Members
Antidepressant - Classes. Further information: List of antidepressants Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) Tricyclic antidepressants ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antidepressant: Encyclopedia Ii - Antidepressant - Tolerance And Dependence
Antidepressants are not thought to produce tolerance, although sudden withdrawal may produce adverse effects. Antidepressants create litt...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Randomized Controlled Trial: Encyclopedia Ii - Randomized Controlled Trial - Controlled Aspect
The 'controlled' aspect comes from three main sources. The first is another member of the research team, who will typically review the te...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Medicine: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Medicine - Pediatrics
... See also:List of publications in medicine, List of publications in medicine - Foundations, List of publications in medicine - Rec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Medicine: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Medicine - Biostatistics
Biostatistics : A Bayesian Introduction Authors: George G. Woodworth Publication data: Wiley-Interscience (August 20, 2004) ISBN 047...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Medicine: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Medicine - Endocrinology
Pancreatic extracts in the treatment of diabetes mellitus Author: Banting FG, Best CH, Collip JB, Campbell WR, Fletcher AA Publication ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Antidepressant: Encyclopedia Ii - Antidepressant - Side Effects
Antidepressants can often cause side effects, and an inability to tolerate these is the most common cause of discontinuing the medication...   » Read the article