Japanese toilet - Squat toilet. The traditional Japanese-style (和式, washiki) toilet is a squat toilet, also known as the Asian toilet, as squat toilets of somewhat similar design are common all over Asia. A squat toilet differs from a western toilet in both construction and method of employment. A squat toilet essentially looks like a miniature urinal rotated 90 degrees and set into the floor. Most squat toilets in Japan are made of porcelain, though in some cases (like on trains), stainless ste ...

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Japanese toilet, Japanese toilet - History, Japanese toilet - Terminology, Japanese toilet - Types of toilets, Japanese toilet - Squat toilet, Japanese toilet - Western-style flush toilets, Japanese toilet - Japanese bidets, Japanese toilet - Male and female urinals, Japanese toilet - Japan-specific accessories, Japanese toilet - The Sound Princess, Japanese toilet - Toilet slippers, Japanese toilet - Public toilets, Japanese toilet - Cultural aspects, Japanese toilet - Economics

Read more here: » Japanese toilet: Encyclopedia II - Japanese toilet - Types of toilets

Dozens of spacecraft, including orbiters, landers, and rovers, have been sent to Mars by the Soviet Union, the United States, Europe, and Japan to study the planet's surface, climate, and geography. Roughly two-thirds of all spacecraft destined for Mars have failed in one manner or another before completing or even beginning their missions. Part of this high failure rate can be ascribed to technical problems, but enough have either failed or lost communications for no apparent reason that some researchers half-jokingly speak of an Earth-Mars ...

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Mars, Mars - Mythology, Mars - Physical characteristics, Mars - Atmosphere, Mars - Geology, Mars - Topography, Mars - Canals, Mars - Ice patches, Mars - The moons of Mars, Mars - The exploration of Mars, Mars - Nomenclature, Mars - Early nomenclature, Mars - Modern nomenclature, Mars - Observation of Mars, Mars - Appearance, Mars - Martian meteorites, Mars - Life on Mars, Mars - The Mars flag, Mars - Mars in fiction

Read more here: » Mars: Encyclopedia II - Mars - The exploration of Mars

The following highlights some aspects important only for specific Green Parties. For information about the programme and the history of a Green Party in a specific country, use the list at the end of the section. Worldwide green parties - Green Parties in the English-speaking world. In English-speaking countries, Green Parties face electoral systems that have traditionally disadvantaged smaller parties, and a culture which has not been subject to invasion or colonization by others: they have achieved influ ...

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Worldwide green parties, Worldwide green parties - Definitions, Worldwide green parties - 'Small-g' green parties, Worldwide green parties - Greening, Worldwide green parties - Green movement, Worldwide green parties - 'Capital-G' Green Parties, Worldwide green parties - Four pillars, Worldwide green parties - History, Worldwide green parties - Growth and maturity of Green Parties, Worldwide green parties - Green Party's politics, Worldwide green parties - Values and ethics, Worldwide green parties - Critique of green policy, Worldwide green parties - Platforms, Worldwide green parties - Alliances, Worldwide green parties - Policy issues, Worldwide green parties - Global reach, Worldwide green parties - Global gatherings, Worldwide green parties - Global Green meetings, Worldwide green parties - Global Greens web site, Worldwide green parties - Green federations, Worldwide green parties - Critique of Green networking, Worldwide green parties - Specific Green Parties, Worldwide green parties - Green Parties in the English-speaking world, Worldwide green parties - Green Parties in the developing world, Worldwide green parties - List of Green Parties

Read more here: » Worldwide green parties: Encyclopedia II - Worldwide green parties - Specific Green Parties

Dozens of spacecraft, including orbiters, landers, and rovers, have been sent to Mars by the Soviet Union (Russia), the United States, Europe, and Japan to study the planet's surface, climate, and geography. Roughly two-thirds of all spacecraft destined for Mars have failed in one manner or another before completing or even beginning their missions. Part of this high failure rate can be ascribed to technical problems, but enough have either failed or lost communications for no apparent reason that some researchers half-jokingly speak of an E ...

See also:

Mars, Mars - Mythology, Mars - Physical characteristics, Mars - Atmosphere, Mars - Geology, Mars - Topography, Mars - Canals, Mars - Ice patches, Mars - The moons of Mars, Mars - The exploration of Mars, Mars - Nomenclature, Mars - Early nomenclature, Mars - Modern nomenclature, Mars - Observation of Mars, Mars - Martian meteorites, Mars - Life on Mars, Mars - The Mars flag, Mars - Mars in fiction

Read more here: » Mars: Encyclopedia II - Mars - The exploration of Mars

The Siamese coup d'état of 1932 transformed the Government of Thailand from an absolute to a constitutional monarchy. King Prajadhipok (Rama VII) initially accepted this change but later surrendered the throne to his ten-year old nephew, Ananda Mahidol. Upon his abdication, King Prajadhipok said that the duty of a ruler was to reign for the good of the whole people, not for a select few. King Ananda Mahidol (Rama VIII) died in 1946 under somewhat mysterious circumstances, the official explanation being that he shot himself by accident while ...

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History of Thailand, History of Thailand - Early history, History of Thailand - Sukhothai and Lannathai, History of Thailand - Ayutthaya, History of Thailand - Bangkok period, History of Thailand - Military rule, History of Thailand - Democracy

Read more here: » History of Thailand: Encyclopedia II - History of Thailand - Military rule

An article published by Wagner et al in 1960 first established mesothelioma as a disease arising from exposure to crocidolite asbestos[6]. The article referred to over 30 case studies of people who had suffered from mesothelioma in South Africa. Some exposures were transient and some were mine workers. In 1962 Dr McNulty reported the first diagnosed case of malignant mesothelioma in an Australian asbestos worker^{See also:}

Mesothelioma, Mesothelioma - Signs and symptoms, Mesothelioma - Diagnosis, Mesothelioma - Screening, Mesothelioma - Staging, Mesothelioma - Pathophysiology, Mesothelioma - Epidemiology, Mesothelioma - Incidence, Mesothelioma - Risk factors, Mesothelioma - Exposure, Mesothelioma - Treatment, Mesothelioma - Surgery, Mesothelioma - Radiation, Mesothelioma - Chemotherapy, Mesothelioma - Immunotherapy, Mesothelioma - Heated Intraoperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy, Mesothelioma - Research, Mesothelioma - Legal issues, Mesothelioma - History, Mesothelioma - Sources

Read more here: » Mesothelioma: Encyclopedia II - Mesothelioma - History

Both Canada and Australia were inhabited long before European colonizers arrived. The First Nations of Canada and the Aborigines of Australia were both devastated by European disease and other factors. In both areas, the Europeans went on to cruelly mistreat the native inhabitants. Conditions have improved, but in both countries the natives tend to be poorer than the national average. Australian treatment of Aborigines in the past was generally more systematically cruel than in Canada, but most now argue that Australian ...

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Politics of Australia and Canada compared, Politics of Australia and Canada compared - Federalism, Politics of Australia and Canada compared - States and Provinces, Politics of Australia and Canada compared - Parliament, Politics of Australia and Canada compared - Judiciary, Politics of Australia and Canada compared - Monarchy, Politics of Australia and Canada compared - Aboriginals, Politics of Australia and Canada compared - Immigration, Politics of Australia and Canada compared - Welfare State, Politics of Australia and Canada compared - War and Peace

Read more here: » Politics of Australia and Canada compared: Encyclopedia II - Politics of Australia and Canada compared - Aboriginals

Scarface was directed by Brian De Palma, and written by now famed director Oliver Stone while the latter battled a cocaine addiction. Stone consulted the Miami police and the Drug Enforcement Agency while writing the film, incorporating many true crimes into the film (one set of crime scene photos Stone was shown depicted a man who had been dismembered with a chainsaw and stuffed into an aluminum trashcan). The film was originally to be filmed in Miami but it received criticism from the Cuban community, which objected to their ...

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Scarface 1983 film, Scarface 1983 film - Plot, Scarface 1983 film - Production and Controversy, Scarface 1983 film - Scarface and pop culture, Scarface 1983 film - Cast

Read more here: » Scarface 1983 film: Encyclopedia II - Scarface 1983 film - Production and Controversy

John III of Portugal - Africa. In John III's time, trade between the Portuguese and Africans was extremely intense in the feitorias like Arguim, Mina, Mombasa, Sofala or Moçambique. "Common products were salt, wheat, horses, carpets, fabric, Irish and English clothing, blades, tin for African natives' coins, copper or tin vases, shells from the Canary Islands that Ethiopians carry on their necks as an amulet against lightning, yellow and green beads from Nuremberg, and brass armlets" (Basílio Vasconcelos, «Itinerário» de Jerónimo Münzer, 1932), in e ...

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John III of Portugal, John III of Portugal - Early Life, John III of Portugal - Early Reign, John III of Portugal - Decline, John III of Portugal - Economic pressure, John III of Portugal - Rise of the Jesuits brings social and economic conflict, John III of Portugal - Military pressures, John III of Portugal - Dynastic crisis, John III of Portugal - International relations, John III of Portugal - Culture, John III of Portugal - Inquisition, John III of Portugal - The Portuguese Empire under John III, John III of Portugal - Africa, John III of Portugal - Asia, John III of Portugal - Brazil, John III of Portugal - Death and succession, John III of Portugal - Issue, John III of Portugal - Style

Read more here: » John III of Portugal: Encyclopedia II - John III of Portugal - The Portuguese Empire under John III

A window is an opening in the wall of a building that allows light and air to enter a room and people to see out. At previous times in history they were merely small oval or square holes in the walls. Very early windows were shielded with hide or cloth stretched over the opening or with wooden shutters. Later, various types of windows were invented that allowed light but not weather to pass into a building: mullioned glass windows, which joined multiple small pieces of glass with leading, paper windows, flattened pieces of tran ...

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Window, Window - Opening in wall, Window - Window styles, Window - Technical terms, Window - Window materials

Read more here: » Window: Encyclopedia II - Window - Opening in wall

Soybeans can be broadly classified as "vegetable" (garden) or field(oil) types. Vegetable types cook more easily, have a mild nutty flavor, better texture, are larger in size, higher in protein, and lower in oil than field types. Tofu and soymilk producers prefer the higher protein cultivars bred from vegetable soybeans originally brought to the United States in the late 1930s. The "garden" varieties are generally not suitable for mechanical combine harvesting because they have a tendency to sh ...

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Soybean, Soybean - Overview, Soybean - Origin, Soybean - Nutrition and Use, Soybean - Physical characteristics, Soybean - Applications, Soybean - Soybean processing, Soybean - Soybean production, Soybean - Genetic Modification, Soybean - Imitations, Soybean - Nutrition and health effects, Soybean - Protein, Soybean - Infants, Soybean - Vitamins and Minerals, Soybean - Other nutritive value, Soybean - Research

Read more here: » Soybean: Encyclopedia II - Soybean - Applications

Treatments for hemorrhoids vary in their cost, risk, and effectiveness. Different cultures and individuals approach treatment differently. Some of the treatments used are listed here in increasing order of intrusiveness and cost. Hemorrhoid - Temporary relief. For many people, hemorrhoids are mild and temporary conditions that heal spontaneously or by the same measures recommended for prevention. In these cases, warm sitz bath using a bidet, extendable showerhead, cold compress, or topical analgesic (such ...

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Hemorrhoid, Hemorrhoid - Types and symptoms of hemorrhoids, Hemorrhoid - Prevalence, Hemorrhoid - Causes, Hemorrhoid - Prevention, Hemorrhoid - Examination, Hemorrhoid - Treatments, Hemorrhoid - Temporary relief, Hemorrhoid - Natural treatments, Hemorrhoid - Medical treatments, Hemorrhoid - Diseases with similar symptoms

Read more here: » Hemorrhoid: Encyclopedia II - Hemorrhoid - Treatments

Worldwide green parties - 'Small-g' green parties. A (generic or 'small-g') green party is any contemporary political movement which springs out of concern for the destruction of ecosystems — "environmentalism". But such a green party is not necessarily committed to the entire program of the Green Parties as such. Worldwide green parties - Greening. The first Green Parties were founded as "values conservatives". The term "green" is heavily appropriated by politicians a ...

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Worldwide green parties, Worldwide green parties - Definitions, Worldwide green parties - 'Small-g' green parties, Worldwide green parties - Greening, Worldwide green parties - Green movement, Worldwide green parties - 'Capital-G' Green Parties, Worldwide green parties - Four pillars, Worldwide green parties - History, Worldwide green parties - Growth and maturity of Green Parties, Worldwide green parties - Green Party's politics, Worldwide green parties - Values and ethics, Worldwide green parties - Critique of green policy, Worldwide green parties - Platforms, Worldwide green parties - Alliances, Worldwide green parties - Policy issues, Worldwide green parties - Global reach, Worldwide green parties - Global gatherings, Worldwide green parties - Global Green meetings, Worldwide green parties - Global Greens web site, Worldwide green parties - Green federations, Worldwide green parties - Critique of Green networking, Worldwide green parties - Specific Green Parties, Worldwide green parties - Green Parties in the English-speaking world, Worldwide green parties - Green Parties in the developing world, Worldwide green parties - List of Green Parties

Read more here: » Worldwide green parties: Encyclopedia II - Worldwide green parties - Definitions

As Green Parties generally grow from the bottom up, from neighborhood to municipal to (eco-)regional to national levels, and are often ruled by a consensus decision making process, strong local coalitions are a pre-requisite to electoral breakthroughs. Usually growth is sparked by a single issue where Greens can bridge the gap to ordinary citizens' concerns. The first such breakthrough was by the German Green Party, famous for their opposition to nuclear power, as an expression of anti-centralist and pacifist values traditional to gre ...

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Worldwide green parties, Worldwide green parties - Definitions, Worldwide green parties - 'Small-g' green parties, Worldwide green parties - Greening, Worldwide green parties - Green movement, Worldwide green parties - 'Capital-G' Green Parties, Worldwide green parties - Four pillars, Worldwide green parties - History, Worldwide green parties - Growth and maturity of Green Parties, Worldwide green parties - Green Party's politics, Worldwide green parties - Values and ethics, Worldwide green parties - Critique of green policy, Worldwide green parties - Platforms, Worldwide green parties - Alliances, Worldwide green parties - Policy issues, Worldwide green parties - Global reach, Worldwide green parties - Global gatherings, Worldwide green parties - Global Green meetings, Worldwide green parties - Global Greens web site, Worldwide green parties - Green federations, Worldwide green parties - Critique of Green networking, Worldwide green parties - Specific Green Parties, Worldwide green parties - Green Parties in the English-speaking world, Worldwide green parties - Green Parties in the developing world, Worldwide green parties - List of Green Parties

Read more here: » Worldwide green parties: Encyclopedia II - Worldwide green parties - Growth and maturity of Green Parties

Frantz Fanon - Martinique and WWII. Fanon was born on 20 July 1925 on the Caribbean island of Martinique, then a French colony and now a French département. He was born into a mixed family background of African slaves, Tamil indentured servants and a white man. The family were relatively well off for Martinicans but far from a middle class background. They could however afford the fee ...

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Frantz Fanon, Frantz Fanon - Life, Frantz Fanon - Martinique and WWII, Frantz Fanon - France, Frantz Fanon - Algeria, Frantz Fanon - Death, Frantz Fanon - Work, Frantz Fanon - Influence, Frantz Fanon - Bibliography, Frantz Fanon - Fanon's writings, Frantz Fanon - Secondary literature

Read more here: » Frantz Fanon: Encyclopedia II - Frantz Fanon - Life

In 1980, young Cuban hitman Tony Montana, the son of a Cuban woman and an American man, is kicked out of his country during the infamous Mariel boatlift, in which Cuban president Fidel Castro exiled thousands of his deadliest prisoners to Florida. There, Tony and several of his old prison friends, including his partner-in-crime, Manny, find themselves being held in a detention camp beneath a highway while the U.S. government attempts to figure out what to do with the fugitives. Luck comes for them when they are hired by a Miami drug lord, Fr ...

See also:

Scarface 1983 film, Scarface 1983 film - Plot, Scarface 1983 film - Production and Controversy, Scarface 1983 film - Scarface and pop culture, Scarface 1983 film - Cast

Read more here: » Scarface 1983 film: Encyclopedia II - Scarface 1983 film - Plot

On the Disc, all our world's vampire legends are true, even the contradictory ones. They just aren't all true for the same vampire. Some of their usual weaknesses, such as their sacrephobia (fear of holy symbols) and their reactions to sunlight and garlic can be removed or abated by lengthy conditioning, as demonstrated by Count Magpyr. Discworld vampires can survive in sunlight, provided they wear heavy clothes and broad-rimmed hats. If one is ever exposed to direct sunlight, he or she will be immediately reduced to ashes, but requires mere ...

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Undead Discworld, Undead Discworld - Zombies, Undead Discworld - Mummies, Undead Discworld - Vampires, Undead Discworld - Werewolves, Undead Discworld - Banshees, Undead Discworld - Bogeymen

Read more here: » Undead Discworld: Encyclopedia II - Undead Discworld - Vampires

In a close to chaotic political (and economic and social) situation, the military were considered politically "clean" in terms of political corruption, and assumed responsibility for 'restoring' the security of the nation. The armed forces took up criticism of the traditional democratic parties and regular government for many reasons (low funds for the armed forces, compromised national security, weakness of the leaders). They were also, by their composition, closely aware of the effects of economic depression on the middle and lower classes ...

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Imperial Way Faction, Imperial Way Faction - Origins of the movement, Imperial Way Faction - Political environment, Imperial Way Faction - Japanese military politics, Imperial Way Faction - Industrialists and militarism, Imperial Way Faction - Circumstances that allowed the Japanese military to gain political power, Imperial Way Faction - Political development, Imperial Way Faction - Sadao Araki has his day, Imperial Way Faction - Hideki Tojo succeeds as party leader, Imperial Way Faction - Japanese official establishment in central government, Imperial Way Faction - Political structure in the movement, Imperial Way Faction - The last party chiefs and Prime Ministers, Imperial Way Faction - Summary

Read more here: » Imperial Way Faction: Encyclopedia II - Imperial Way Faction - Circumstances that allowed the Japanese military to gain political power

Perhaps the most famous and typical example of the paradox is the first Back to the Future film: Marty McFly travels to 1955 and accidentally prevents the first meeting of his parents. While trying to find out a way to return to his own year, he observes that his siblings begin to fade out from a picture he was carrying with him since he averted their own birth. Towards the end of the film, he started to fade from reality as well, unless he manages to make his parents fall in love 'again'. See also:

Grandfather paradox, Grandfather paradox - Scientific theories, Grandfather paradox - Complementary time travel, Grandfather paradox - Novikov self-consistency principle, Grandfather paradox - Theories in science fiction, Grandfather paradox - Parallel universes resolution, Grandfather paradox - Relative timelines resolution, Grandfather paradox - Restricted action resolution, Grandfather paradox - Destruction resolution, Grandfather paradox - Other considerations

Read more here: » Grandfather paradox: Encyclopedia II - Grandfather paradox - Theories in science fiction

Exile settlements (ссыльное поселение, ssylnoye poselenie) were a kind of internal exile. The system of political and administrative exile existed in the Imperial Russia as well. The most notable category of exile settlers in the Soviet Union (ссыльнопоселенцы, ssylnoposelentsy) were the whole nationalities resettled during Joseph Stalin's rule (1928–1953). At various times, a number of other terms were used for this category: special settlement (спецпоселение), s ...

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Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Exile settlements, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - The population of the settlements, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Labor settlements, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Free settlements, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Population statistics, Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Wikisource

Read more here: » Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union: Encyclopedia II - Involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union - Exile settlements

The following highlights some aspects important only for specific Green Parties. For information about the programme and the history of a Green Party in a specific country, use the list at the end of the section. Worldwide green parties - Green Parties in the English-speaking world. In English-speaking countries, Green Parties face electoral systems that have traditionally disadvantaged smaller parties, and a culture which has not been subject to invasion or colonization by others. Nevertheless, they have ...

See also:

Worldwide green parties, Worldwide green parties - Definitions, Worldwide green parties - 'Small-g' green parties, Worldwide green parties - Greening, Worldwide green parties - Green movement, Worldwide green parties - 'Capital-G' Green Parties, Worldwide green parties - Four pillars, Worldwide green parties - History, Worldwide green parties - Growth and maturity of Green Parties, Worldwide green parties - Green Party's politics, Worldwide green parties - Values and ethics, Worldwide green parties - Critique of green policy, Worldwide green parties - Platforms, Worldwide green parties - Alliances, Worldwide green parties - Policy issues, Worldwide green parties - Global reach, Worldwide green parties - Global gatherings, Worldwide green parties - Global Green meetings, Worldwide green parties - Global Greens web site, Worldwide green parties - Green federations, Worldwide green parties - Critique of Green networking, Worldwide green parties - Specific Green Parties, Worldwide green parties - Green Parties in the English-speaking world, Worldwide green parties - Green Parties in the developing world, Worldwide green parties - List of Green Parties

Read more here: » Worldwide green parties: Encyclopedia II - Worldwide green parties - Specific Green Parties

The term "ethnic cleansing" has come to mean the displacement or expulsion from a territory of one ethnic group by another. The displacement is usually forcible, though there are examples of voluntary or compensated ethnic cleansing. The 20th century has seen numerous cases, particularly in Europe and the Middle East. During more recent times, ethnic cleansing has often been used during colonisation projects. In North America, British and American settlers ethnically cleansed millions [citation needed] of Native Amer ...

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Ethnic cleansing, Ethnic cleansing - Origins of the term, Ethnic cleansing - Early examples of ethnic cleansing, Ethnic cleansing - Modern-age ethnic cleansing, Ethnic cleansing - 20th-century instances, Ethnic cleansing - Ethnic cleansing as a military and political tactic, Ethnic cleansing - Ethnic cleansing as international law crime, Ethnic cleansing - Comparison of events in the Bible with ethnic cleansing

Read more here: » Ethnic cleansing: Encyclopedia II - Ethnic cleansing - Modern-age ethnic cleansing