Citizenship is membership in a political community (originally a city but now usually a state) and carries with it rights to political participation; a person having such membership is a citizen. It is largely coterminous with nationality, although it is possible to have a nationality without being a citizen (i.e., be legally subject to a state and entitled to its protection without having rights of political participation in it); it is also possible to have political rights without being a national of a state; for example, a citizen of a Commonwealth country resident in the Un ...

Including:

Citizenship - Subnational citizenship Citizenship - Supranational citizenship
Citizenship - European Union EU citizenship Citizenship - Commonwealth citizenship
Citizenship - Honorary citizenship Citizenship - Historical citizenship

Read more here: » Citizenship: Encyclopedia - Citizenship

See also:

Citizenship, Citizenship - Subnational citizenship, Citizenship - Supranational citizenship, Citizenship - European Union EU citizenship, Citizenship - Commonwealth citizenship, Citizenship - Honorary citizenship, Citizenship - Historical citizenship

Read more here: » Citizenship: Encyclopedia II - Citizenship - Supranational citizenship

In recent years, some intergovernmental organisations have extended the concept and terminology associated with citizenship to the international level, where it is applied to the totality of the citizens of their constituent countries combined. Two examples are given below, of citizenship in the European Union, and also of citizenship within the Commonwealth of Nations. As of 2005, citizenship at this level is a secondary ...

See also:

Citizenship, Citizenship - Subnational citizenship, Citizenship - Supranational citizenship, Citizenship - European Union EU citizenship, Citizenship - Commonwealth citizenship, Citizenship - Honorary citizenship, Citizenship - Historical citizenship

Read more here: » Citizenship: Encyclopedia II - Citizenship - Supranational citizenship

Some countries extend "honorary citizenship" to those whom they consider to be especially admirable or worthy of the distinction. By Act of Congress and presidential assent, honorary United States citizenship has been awarded to: British statesman Sir Winston Churchill (1963) Swedish humanitarian and diplomat Raoul Wallenberg (1981) Pennsylvania founder William Penn and his wife Hannah Callowhill Penn (1984) Macedonian (To Albanian Parents)-born Catholic nun and humanitarian Mother Teresa (1996) French nobleman and American Revolutiona ...

See also:

Citizenship, Citizenship - Subnational citizenship, Citizenship - Supranational citizenship, Citizenship - European Union EU citizenship, Citizenship - Commonwealth citizenship, Citizenship - Honorary citizenship, Citizenship - Historical citizenship

Read more here: » Citizenship: Encyclopedia II - Citizenship - Honorary citizenship

Citizenship most usually relates to membership of the nation state, but the term can also apply at subnational level. Subnational entities may impose requirements, of residency or otherwise, which permit citizens to participate in the political life of that entity, or to enjoy benefits provided by the government of that entity. But in such cases, those eligible are also sometimes seen as "citizens" of the relevant state, province, or region. Citizenship as explained above is the political rights of an individual within a society. Thus ...

See also:

Citizenship, Citizenship - Subnational citizenship, Citizenship - Supranational citizenship, Citizenship - European Union EU citizenship, Citizenship - Commonwealth citizenship, Citizenship - Honorary citizenship, Citizenship - Historical citizenship

Read more here: » Citizenship: Encyclopedia II - Citizenship - Subnational citizenship

According to the Federal Office for Migration [1], there is no restriction on dual citizenship in Switzerland since 1 January 1992, meaning that foreigners who acquire Swiss citizenship, or Swiss citizens who voluntarily acquire another citizenship, do not automatically lose their previous citizenship, as was the case before this date. Of course, the non-Swiss citizenship can still be lost if the laws of the other country do not recognise dual citizenship. An estimated sixty percent of Swi ...

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Swiss citizenship, Swiss citizenship - Requirements for citizenship, Swiss citizenship - Birth, Swiss citizenship - Marriage facilitated naturalisation, Swiss citizenship - Naturalisation, Swiss citizenship - Simplified naturalisation, Swiss citizenship - Triple citizenship level, Swiss citizenship - Dual citizenship, Swiss citizenship - Discussions about Swiss citizenship, Swiss citizenship - Rights and obligations of Swiss citizens

Read more here: » Swiss citizenship: Encyclopedia II - Swiss citizenship - Dual citizenship

Swiss citizenship - Birth. A person is a Swiss citizen at birth (whether born in Switzerland or not) if he/she is: born to a Swiss father or mother, if parents are married born to a Swiss mother, if parents are not married Where parents marry after birth and only the father is Swiss, the child acquires Swiss citizenship at that point. There are exceptions if only the mother is Swiss and she acquired Swiss citizenship on the basis of a previous marriage to a Swiss citizen. Jus soli does not exist in Switzerland, hence birth in Switzerlan ...

See also:

Swiss citizenship, Swiss citizenship - Requirements for citizenship, Swiss citizenship - Birth, Swiss citizenship - Marriage facilitated naturalisation, Swiss citizenship - Naturalisation, Swiss citizenship - Simplified naturalisation, Swiss citizenship - Triple citizenship level, Swiss citizenship - Dual citizenship, Swiss citizenship - Discussions about Swiss citizenship, Swiss citizenship - Rights and obligations of Swiss citizens

Read more here: » Swiss citizenship: Encyclopedia II - Swiss citizenship - Requirements for citizenship

U.S. citizens have the right to participate in the political system of the United States (with reservations for prisoners, ex-prisoners, and naturalized persons), are represented and protected abroad by the United States (through U.S. embassies and consulates), and are allowed to reside in the United States, and certain territories, without any immigration requirements. Citizens are liable for jury service. Citizens are also required to pay taxes on worldwide income, including income earned while residing abroad (regardless of the dur ...

Including:

United States citizenship - Possession of Citizenship United States citizenship - Acquisition of Citizenship
United States citizenship - Natural-born citizens United States citizenship - Naturalized citizens
United States citizenship - Nationals who are not citizens United States citizenship - Loss of Citizenship

Read more here: » United States citizenship: Encyclopedia - United States citizenship

Each country has different requirements for citizenship, as well as different policies regarding dual citizenship. An Australian study estimated that 4-5 million Australians (up to 25% of the Australian population - by far the largest group at 1.6 million of these, from the UK) had dual citizenship in 2000. An estimated sixty percent of Swiss nationals living abroad in 1998 were dual citizens. Approximately 89 countries in the world officially allow some form of dual or multiple citizenship. In the United States it is estimated that millions ...

See also:

Multiple citizenship, Multiple citizenship - Citizenship of multiple countries, Multiple citizenship - Sub-national citizenship, Multiple citizenship - Supra-national citizenship, Multiple citizenship - Issues, Multiple citizenship - Examples

Read more here: » Multiple citizenship: Encyclopedia II - Multiple citizenship - Citizenship of multiple countries

There are some legal issues about dual citizenship and government services. For example, an American citizen holding another nationality and passport may have difficulty getting a security clearance if that person prefers to use the non-American passport or work within the United States government. In Canada, conversely, federal cabinet ministers often have dual citizenship with France or England and this in the past has ...

See also:

Multiple citizenship, Multiple citizenship - Citizenship of multiple countries, Multiple citizenship - Sub-national citizenship, Multiple citizenship - Supra-national citizenship, Multiple citizenship - Issues, Multiple citizenship - Examples

Read more here: » Multiple citizenship: Encyclopedia II - Multiple citizenship - Issues

Definition and meaning of Citizenship

Citizenship - [Government]

A person with citizenship is legally recognized as citizen of a nation. Citizens may have equal rights under the law and have certain privileges and responsibilities as citizens. These differ from nation to nation. A citizen owes allegiance to his or her country and expects to be protected by his or her government and from unfair use of governmental power. The term citizen can have broader meanings. Students can be citizens of their classroom. Citizens can be natural born or naturalized. When naturalized, they vow their allegiance to their adopted country and sometimes cease being legal citizens of their homeland.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

Also see these pages:  Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Definition and meaning of Citizenship

Citizenship - [Government]

A person with citizenship is legally recognized as citizen of a nation. Citizens may have equal rights under the law and have certain privileges and responsibilities as citizens. These differ from nation to nation. A citizen owes allegiance to his or her country and expects to be protected by his or her government and from unfair use of governmental power. The term citizen can have broader meanings. Students can be citizens of their classroom. Citizens can be natural born or naturalized. When naturalized, they vow their allegiance to their adopted country and sometimes cease being legal citizens of their homeland.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

Also see these pages:  Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

With effect from 1 June 2003, a Finnish citizen acquiring a foreign citizenship does not lose Finnish citizenship. Former Finnish citizens who lost Finnish citizenship prior to this date (upon naturalisation in another country) may re-acquire Finnish citizenship by declaration. Children of former Finnish citizens may also acquire Finnish citizenship by declaration. The deadline for submission of applications is 31 May 2008. As of July 2005, over 5000 people had acquired ...

See also:

Finnish nationality law, Finnish nationality law - Birth, Finnish nationality law - Legitimation, Finnish nationality law - Adoption, Finnish nationality law - Naturalisation as a Finnish Citizen, Finnish nationality law - Citizenship by Application, Finnish nationality law - Citizenship by Declaration, Finnish nationality law - Dual Citizenship, Finnish nationality law - Loss of Finnish Citizenship

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Although dual citizenship is permitted, a Finnish citizen who is a citizen of another country will lose Finnish citizenship at age 22 unless he or she has sufficiently close ties with Finland. Persons with close ties include those: those born in Finland and domiciled there on 22nd birthday with a total of seven years residence in Finland or another Nordic country to whom a Finnish passport was issued between the ages of 18 and 21 who have completed military or non-military service in Finland bet ...

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Finnish nationality law, Finnish nationality law - Birth, Finnish nationality law - Legitimation, Finnish nationality law - Adoption, Finnish nationality law - Naturalisation as a Finnish Citizen, Finnish nationality law - Citizenship by Application, Finnish nationality law - Citizenship by Declaration, Finnish nationality law - Dual Citizenship, Finnish nationality law - Loss of Finnish Citizenship

Read more here: » Finnish nationality law: Encyclopedia II - Finnish nationality law - Loss of Finnish Citizenship

CIC operates a large network of "Citizenship and Immigration Centres" throughout Canada and in an important number of embassies, high commissions and consulates abroad. Service Canada recently started to take over some of the domestic field operations of the department while the Canada Border Services Agency took over the control of enforcement and entry control at borders and airports. CIC remains responsible for the establishment of policies and processing of permanent and temporary r ...

See also:

Citizenship and Immigration Canada, Citizenship and Immigration Canada - Presence, Citizenship and Immigration Canada - Related Legislation, Citizenship and Immigration Canada - Related links, Citizenship and Immigration Canada - External link

Read more here: » Citizenship and Immigration Canada: Encyclopedia II - Citizenship and Immigration Canada - Presence

Finnish citizenship can be acquired by application or declaration Finnish nationality law - Citizenship by Application. A foreigner may be granted Finnish citizenship upon meeting certain requirements, including: six years continuous residence; or a total of eight years residence since age 15, with the last two years residence continuous; and ...

See also:

Finnish nationality law, Finnish nationality law - Birth, Finnish nationality law - Legitimation, Finnish nationality law - Adoption, Finnish nationality law - Naturalisation as a Finnish Citizen, Finnish nationality law - Citizenship by Application, Finnish nationality law - Citizenship by Declaration, Finnish nationality law - Dual Citizenship, Finnish nationality law - Loss of Finnish Citizenship

Read more here: » Finnish nationality law: Encyclopedia II - Finnish nationality law - Naturalisation as a Finnish Citizen

Main article: Citizenship of the European Union The Maastricht Treaty introduced the concept of citizenship of the European Union. This citizenship flows from national citizenship — one holds the nationality of an EU member state and as a result becomes a "citizen of the Union" in addition. EU citizenship offers certain rights and privileges within the EU; in many areas EU citizens have the same or similar rights as native citizens in member states. Such rights granted to EU citizens include: the ri ...

See also:

Life in the European Union, Life in the European Union - Citizenship, Life in the European Union - Cultural policies of the European Union, Life in the European Union - Economy, Life in the European Union - Educational policies of the European Union, Life in the European Union - Languages, Life in the European Union - Politics

Read more here: » Life in the European Union: Encyclopedia II - Life in the European Union - Citizenship

Swiss citizenship laws have been widely debated over the years. In comparison to other nationality laws, access to Swiss citizenship is relatively narrow, and several modifications to widen access to Swiss citizenship were proposed over the years. Those that were voted upon during referenda in 1983, 1994 and 2004 were all rejected. In particular, during the referenda of September 2004, Swiss voters rejected proposals [3][4] which would have: given some long resident Swiss-born persons aged between 14 and 24 the right to apply fo ...

See also:

Swiss citizenship, Swiss citizenship - Requirements for citizenship, Swiss citizenship - Birth, Swiss citizenship - Marriage facilitated naturalisation, Swiss citizenship - Naturalisation, Swiss citizenship - Simplified naturalisation, Swiss citizenship - Triple citizenship level, Swiss citizenship - Dual citizenship, Swiss citizenship - Discussions about Swiss citizenship, Swiss citizenship - Rights and obligations of Swiss citizens

Read more here: » Swiss citizenship: Encyclopedia II - Swiss citizenship - Discussions about Swiss citizenship

Example 1: A person born in Canada, to a Canadian citizen and an American citizen would have Canadian citizenship by birth, and may also have US citizenship, depending on certain circumstances (the parents' marital status, date of the child's birth, and whether the US citizen parent has met certain physical presence requirements). If the requirements have been met, then the child would also be a US ci ...

See also:

Multiple citizenship, Multiple citizenship - Citizenship of multiple countries, Multiple citizenship - Sub-national citizenship, Multiple citizenship - Supra-national citizenship, Multiple citizenship - Issues, Multiple citizenship - Examples

Read more here: » Multiple citizenship: Encyclopedia II - Multiple citizenship - Examples

The criteria are every person born before Malaysia Day who is a citizen of the Malaysia by virtue of these provisions every person who immediately before Merdeka Day, was a citizen of Malaysia by virtue of any of the provisions of the Federation of Malaya Agreement, 1948, whether by operation of law or otherwise every person born within Malaysia on or after Merdeka Day and before October, 1962 every person born within Malaysia after September 1962, of whose parents one at least ...

See also:

Malaysian citizenship, Malaysian citizenship - Requirements, Malaysian citizenship - Citizenship and immigration

Read more here: » Malaysian citizenship: Encyclopedia II - Malaysian citizenship - Requirements