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CISC | A Wisdom Archive on CISC | | CISC A selection of articles related to CISC | |
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cisc, Complex Instruction Set Computer, CPU, RISC, ZISC, microprocessor, computer, CPU design, computer architecture
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ARTICLES RELATED TO CISC | | | |  CISC: Encyclopedia II - Central processing unit - Design and implementation
Central processing unit - Integer precision.
The way a CPU represents numbers is a design choice that affects the most basic ways in which the device functions. Some early digital computers used an electrical model of the common decimal (base ten) numeral system to represent numbers internally. A few other computers have used more exotic numeral systems like ternary (base three). Nearly all modern CPUs represent numbers in binary form, with each digit being represented by some two-valued physical quantity such as a "high" or "low" voltage. See also:Central processing unit, Central processing unit - History, Central processing unit - Discrete transistor and IC CPUs, Central processing unit - Microprocessors, Central processing unit - CPU operation, Central processing unit - Design and implementation, Central processing unit - Integer precision, Central processing unit - Clock rate, Central processing unit - Parallelism, Central processing unit - Vector processors and SIMD, Central processing unit - Notes Read more here: » Central processing unit: Encyclopedia II - Central processing unit - Design and implementation |
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| | | | CISC: Encyclopedia II - CPU design - History of general purpose CPUs
CPU design - 1950s: early designs.
Each of the computer designs of the early 1950s was a unique design; there were no upward-compatible machines or computer architectures with multiple, differing implementations. Programs written for one machine would not run on another kind, even other kinds from the same company. This was not a major drawback at the time because there was not a large body of software developed to run on computers, so star ...
See also:CPU design, CPU design - Goals of CPU design, CPU design - History of general purpose CPUs, CPU design - 1950s: early designs, CPU design - 1960s: the computer revolution and CISC, CPU design - 1970s: large scale integration, CPU design - Early 1980s: the lessons of RISC, CPU design - Mid-1980s to today: exploiting instruction level parallelism, CPU design - 1990 to today: looking forward, CPU design - Embedded design, CPU design - Other design issues, CPU design - Design concepts, CPU design - RISC, CPU design - Instruction pipelining, CPU design - Cache, CPU design - Superscalar designs, CPU design - Out-of-order execution, CPU design - Speculative execution, CPU design - Multiprocessing and Multithreading Read more here: » CPU design: Encyclopedia II - CPU design - History of general purpose CPUs |
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| | | | CISC: Encyclopedia II - RISC - Meanwhile... While the RISC philosophy was coming into its own, new ideas about how to dramatically increase performance of the CPUs were starting to develop.
In the early 1980s it was thought that existing design was reaching theoretical limits. Future improvements in speed would be primarily through improved semiconductor "process", that is, smaller features (transistors and wires) on the chip. The complexity of the chip would remain largely the same, but the smaller size would allow it to run at higher clock rates. A considerable amount of effo ...
See also:RISC, RISC - RISC design philosophy, RISC - Pre-RISC design philosophy, RISC - Meanwhile..., RISC - Early RISC, RISC - Later RISC, RISC - Alternative term Read more here: » RISC: Encyclopedia II - RISC - Meanwhile... |
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| | | | CISC: Encyclopedia II - CPU design - History of general purpose CPUs
CPU design - 1950s: early designs.
Each of the computer designs of the early 1950s was a unique design; there were no upward-compatible machines or computer architectures with multiple, differing implementations. Programs written for one machine would not run on another kind, even other kinds from the same company. This was not a major drawback at the time because there was not a large body of software developed to run on computers, so star ...
See also:CPU design, CPU design - History of general purpose CPUs, CPU design - 1950s: early designs, CPU design - 1960s: the computer revolution and CISC, CPU design - 1970s: large scale integration, CPU design - Early 1980s: the lessons of RISC, CPU design - Mid-1980s to today: exploiting instruction level parallelism, CPU design - 1990 to today: looking forward, CPU design - Embedded design, CPU design - Other design issues, CPU design - Design concepts, CPU design - RISC, CPU design - Instruction pipelining, CPU design - Speculative execution, CPU design - Cache, CPU design - Out-of-order execution, CPU design - Superscalar designs, CPU design - Simultaneous multithreading Read more here: » CPU design: Encyclopedia II - CPU design - History of general purpose CPUs |
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| | | | CISC: Encyclopedia II - Central processing unit - Design and implementation
Central processing unit - Integer precision.
The way a CPU represents numbers is a design choice that affects the most basic ways in which the device functions. Some early digital computers used an electrical model of the common decimal (base ten) numeral system to represent numbers internally. A few other computers have used more exotic numeral systems like ternary (base three). Nearly all modern CPUs represent numbers in binary form, with each digit being represented by some two-valued physical quantity such as a "h ...
See also:Central processing unit, Central processing unit - History, Central processing unit - Discrete transistor and IC CPUs, Central processing unit - Microprocessors, Central processing unit - CPU operation, Central processing unit - Design and implementation, Central processing unit - Integer precision, Central processing unit - Clock rate, Central processing unit - Parallelism, Central processing unit - Vector processors and SIMD, Central processing unit - Notes Read more here: » Central processing unit: Encyclopedia II - Central processing unit - Design and implementation |
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| | | | CISC: Encyclopedia II - Instruction set - Instruction set design When designing microarchitectures, engineers use Register Transfer Language (RTL) to define the operation of each instruction of an ISA. Historically there have been 4 ways to store that description inside the CPU:
all early computer designers, and some of the simpler later RISC computer designers, hard-wired the instruction set.
Many CPU designers compiled the instruction set to a microcode ROM inside the CPU.
Some CPU designers compiled the instruction set to a writable RAM or FLASH inside the CPU (such as the Rekursiv processor, the Western Digital MCP-1600, and the Ims ...
See also:Instruction set, Instruction set - Instruction set design, Instruction set - code density, Instruction set - List of ISAs, Instruction set - ISAs commonly implemented in hardware, Instruction set - ISAs commonly implemented in software with hardware incarnations, Instruction set - ISAs never implemented in hardware, Instruction set - Categories of ISA, Instruction set - Examples of commercially available ISA, Instruction set - Others Read more here: » Instruction set: Encyclopedia II - Instruction set - Instruction set design |
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| | | | CISC: Encyclopedia II - Instruction set - Instruction set design When designing microarchitectures, engineers use Register Transfer Language (RTL) to define the operation of each instruction of an ISA. Historically there have been 4 ways to store that description inside the CPU:
all early computer designers, and some of the simpler later RISC computer designers, hard-wired the instruction set.
Many CPU designers compiled the instruction set to a microcode ROM inside the CPU.
Some CPU designers computers compiled the instruction set to a writable RAM or FLASH inside the CPU (such as as the Rekursiv processor, the Western Digital MCP-1600, and the Ims ...
See also:Instruction set, Instruction set - Instruction set design, Instruction set - List of ISAs, Instruction set - ISAs commonly implemented in hardware, Instruction set - ISAs commonly implemented in software with hardware incarnations, Instruction set - ISAs never implemented in hardware, Instruction set - Categories of ISA, Instruction set - Examples of commercially available ISA, Instruction set - Others Read more here: » Instruction set: Encyclopedia II - Instruction set - Instruction set design |
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| | | | CISC: Encyclopedia II - Central processing unit - History Prior to the advent of machines that resemble today's CPUs, computers such as ENIAC had to be physically rewired in order to perform different tasks. These machines are often referred to as "fixed-program computers," since they had to be physically reconfigured in order to run a different program. Since the term "CPU" is generally defined as a software (computer program) execution device, the earliest devices that could rightly be called CPUs c ...
See also:Central processing unit, Central processing unit - History, Central processing unit - Discrete transistor and IC CPUs, Central processing unit - Microprocessors, Central processing unit - CPU operation, Central processing unit - Design and implementation, Central processing unit - Integer precision, Central processing unit - Clock rate, Central processing unit - Parallelism, Central processing unit - Vector processors and SIMD, Central processing unit - Notes Read more here: » Central processing unit: Encyclopedia II - Central processing unit - History |
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| | | | CISC: Encyclopedia II - Central processing unit - CPU operation The fundamental operation of most CPUs, regardless of the physical form they take, is to execute a sequence of stored instructions called a program. Discussed here are devices that conform to the common Von Neumann architecture. The program is represented by a series of numbers that are kept in some kind of computer memory. There are four steps that nearly all Von Neumann CPUs use in their operation: fetch< ...
See also:Central processing unit, Central processing unit - History, Central processing unit - Discrete transistor and IC CPUs, Central processing unit - Microprocessors, Central processing unit - CPU operation, Central processing unit - Design and implementation, Central processing unit - Integer precision, Central processing unit - Clock rate, Central processing unit - Parallelism, Central processing unit - Vector processors and SIMD, Central processing unit - Notes Read more here: » Central processing unit: Encyclopedia II - Central processing unit - CPU operation |
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More material related to Cisc can be found here:
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