Cimmerians

The Cimmerians of the early 1st millennium BC left a small number (about ten are known) of distinctive stone stelae. Another four or five "deer stelae" dating to the same time are known from the northern Caucasus. ...

See also:

Ukrainian stone stela, Ukrainian stone stela - Copper Age and Bronze Age, Ukrainian stone stela - Cimmerians, Ukrainian stone stela - Scythians and Sarmatians, Ukrainian stone stela - Early Slavs

Read more here: » Ukrainian stone stela: Encyclopedia II - Ukrainian stone stela - Cimmerians

The Cimmerians (Greek Kimmerioi) were ancient equestrian nomads who, according to Herodotus, originally inhabited the region north of the Caucasus and the Black Sea, in what is now Russia and Ukraine, in the 8th and 7th century BC. Assyrian records, however, first place them in the region of Azerbaijan in 714 BC. Cimmerians - Origins. Their origins are obscure, but they are believed to have been Indo-European. Their language is regarded as being related to either Thracian or Iranian. The Thracian the ...

Including:

• Cimmerians - Origins
• Cimmerians - Historical accounts
• Cimmerians - Timeline
• Cimmerians - Language
• Cimmerians - Possible offshoots
• Cimmerians - Archaeology

Read more here: » Cimmerians: Encyclopedia - Cimmerians

The first historical record of the Cimmerians appears in Assyrian annals in the year 714 BC. These describe how a people termed the Gimirri helped the forces of Sargon II to defeat the kingdom of Urartu. Their original homeland, called Gamir or Uishdish, seems to have been located within the buffer state of Mannae. The later geographer Ptolemy placed the Cimmerian city of Gomara in this region. Some modern authors assert that the Cimmerians included mercenaries, whom the Assyrians knew as Khumri, who ...

See also:

Cimmerians, Cimmerians - Origins, Cimmerians - Historical accounts, Cimmerians - Timeline, Cimmerians - Language, Cimmerians - Possible offshoots, Cimmerians - Archaeology

Read more here: » Cimmerians: Encyclopedia II - Cimmerians - Historical accounts

The Cimbri were a Proto-Germanic tribe who according to Pliny the Elder lived on Jutland (Chersonesus Cimbrica), and the Jutish region of Himmerland (where the contemporary Gundestrup cauldron was found) is thought to preserve their name (cf. Grimm's law, K->H). The name has been analysed as the name kimme meaning "rim", i.e. the people of the coast[1], but there is also the hypothesis that the name is related to that of the Cimmerians. Charles Kingsley links the name to the word "Champ(ion)" which gives us the ...

Including:

• Cimbri - Moving south-east
• Cimbri - Invading Gaul
• Cimbri - Attacking the Roman Republic
• Cimbri - Defeat
• Cimbri - Culture

Read more here: » Cimbri: Encyclopedia - Cimbri

The term Celts (pronounced "kelts" or "selts")[1] refers to any of a number of ancient peoples in Europe using the Celtic languages, which form a branch of Indo-European languages, as well as others whose language is unknown but where associated cultural traits such as Celtic art are found in archaeological evidence. Historical theories were developed that these factors were indicat ...

Including:

• Celt - Development of the term Celt
• Celt - Population genetics
• Celt - Origins and geographical distribution
• Celt - Celts in Ireland and Britain
• Celt - Roman influence
• Celt - Examples of Romanization
• Celt - Celtic Christianity
• Celt - Celts pushed west by Germanic migration
• Celt - Celtic social system and arts
• Celt - Celtic Religous Patterns
• Celt - Celts as head-hunters
• Celt - Names for Celts
• Celt - The name Gauls
• Celt - The word Welsh
• Celt - The name Celts
• Celt - Endnotes

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Latin-celt - Celts. The term Celts (pronounced "kelts")[1] refers to any of a number of ancient peoples in Europe using the Celtic languages, which form a branch of Indo-European languages, as well as others whose language is unknown but where associated cultural traits such as Celtic art are found in archaeological evidence. Historical theories were developed that these factors were indicative of a common origin, but later theories of culture spreading to differing indigenous peo ...

See also:

Latin-celt, Latin-celt - Significance of the Term, Latin-celt - Origins and Background, Latin-celt - Celts, Latin-celt - Franco-, Latin-celt - Mediterranean Sea

Read more here: » Latin-celt: Encyclopedia II - Latin-celt - Origins and Background

The Iliad records that the Thracians from around the Hellespont and also the Thracian Cicones fought on the side of the Trojans (Iliad, book II). Many mythical figures, such as the god Dionysus, princess Europa and the hero Orpheus were borrowed by the Greeks from their Thracian neighbours. In book 7 of his Histories, Herodotus describes the equipment of the Thracians fighting under the Persians, The Thracians went to the war wearing the skins of foxes upon their heads, and about their bodies tunics, over which ...

See also:

Thracians, Thracians - Origins, Thracians - Classical period, Thracians - Extinction of the ethnicity and language, Thracians - Archaeology, Thracians - Sources, Thracians - Thracian tribes, Thracians - Famous Thracians

Read more here: » Thracians: Encyclopedia II - Thracians - Sources

However, in 103 BC, the Cimbri and their Proto-Germanic allies, the Teutons, had turned to Spain where they pillaged far and wide. During this time C. Marius had the time to prepare and, in 102 BC, he was ready to meet the Teutons and the Ambrones at the Rhône River. These two tribes intended to pass into Italy through the western passes, while the Cimbri and the Tigurines were to take the northern route across the Rhine an ...

See also:

Cimbri, Cimbri - Moving south-east, Cimbri - Invading Gaul, Cimbri - Attacking the Roman Republic, Cimbri - Defeat, Cimbri - Culture

Read more here: » Cimbri: Encyclopedia II - Cimbri - Defeat

Traditionally, Japheth was understood to have been the progenitor of the peoples of Europe. Thus "Japhetic" came to be used as a synonym for Europeans. In Medieval Europe the world was understood to have been divided into three large-scale racial groupings. In addition to the Japhetic peoples of Europe, the Semitic peoples were equated with all Asians, and Hamitic peoples with Africans. The link between Japheth and the Europeans stems from Genesis 10:5, which states that the sons of Japheth move ...

See also:

Japhetic, Japhetic - Japhetic as a geographical and racial concept, Japhetic - Linguistics

Read more here: » Japhetic: Encyclopedia II - Japhetic - Japhetic as a geographical and racial concept

The first literary reference to the Celtic people, as keltoi or hidden people, is by the Greek historian Hecataeus in 517 BC. According to Greek mythology, Celtus was the son of Heracles and Celtine, the daughter of Bretannus. Celtus became the primogenitor of Celts (Ref.: Parth. 30.1-2)[2]. In Latin Celta, in turn from Herodotus' word for the Gauls, Keltoi. The Romans used Celtae to refer to ...

See also:

Celt, Celt - Development of the term Celt, Celt - Population genetics, Celt - Origins and geographical distribution, Celt - Celts in Ireland and Britain, Celt - Roman influence, Celt - Examples of Romanization, Celt - Celtic Christianity, Celt - Celts pushed west by Germanic migration, Celt - Celtic social system and arts, Celt - Celtic Religous Patterns, Celt - Celts as head-hunters, Celt - Names for Celts, Celt - The name Gauls, Celt - The word Welsh, Celt - The name Celts, Celt - Endnotes

Read more here: » Celt: Encyclopedia II - Celt - Development of the term Celt

(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) 7th century BC - Overview. 7th century BC - Events. the Cimmerians ravage Phrygia in 696 BC, possible migration of the Armenians Scythians arrived in Asia Collapse of Susa, end of Elamite Empire Assyrians conquer Egypt (674 BC - 670 BC) Collapse of Nineveh, end of Assyria (612 BC) 7th century BC - Significant persons. Hezekiah of the ...

Including:

• 7th century BC - Overview
• 7th century BC - Events
• 7th century BC - Significant persons
• 7th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions

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The tradition of Gog and Magog begins with cryptic Biblical references regarding apocalyptic prophecy in the Book of Ezekiel and the Book of Revelation. The ambiguity of this tradition cannot be overstated. The very nature of these entities differs greatly in the discourse, according to the places and times of the sources, and they are variously presented as human beings, as supernatural beings (giants or demons), as nations, and as lands. Part of the confusion is the difference between the Tanach and Septuagint (BHS p.967) and ...

Including:

• Gog and Magog - The Biblical Gog and Magog
• Gog and Magog - Magog in Genesis
• Gog and Magog - Gog and Magog in Ezekiel
• Gog and Magog - Gog and Magog in the Book of Revelation
• Gog and Magog - Identifications
• Gog and Magog - Beyond the Biblical Tradition
• Gog and Magog - Gog and Magog in the Qur'an
• Gog and Magog - Gog and Magog in England
• Gog and Magog - Gog and Magog in Ireland
• Gog and Magog - Other Gogs and Magogs

Read more here: » Gog and Magog: Encyclopedia - Gog and Magog

Troy (Greek Τροία Troia also Ἰλιον; Latin: Troia, Ilium) is a legendary city, scene of the Trojan War, part of which is described in Homer's Iliad, an epic poem in Ancient Greek, composed in the 8th or 7th century BC, but containing older material (Iliad means "epic of Ilion"). Troy (Turkish: Truva) is also the name of an archaeological site, the traditional location of Homeric Troy, in Asia Minor or Anatolia, close to the seacoast in what is now northwest Turkey, so ...

Including:

• Troy - Legendary Troy
• Troy - Homeric Troy
• Troy - Archaeological Troy
• Troy - Troy I–V
• Troy - Troy VI
• Troy - Troy VII
• Troy - Troy IX
• Troy - Excavation campaigns
• Troy - Schliemann
• Troy - Dörpfeld Blegen
• Troy - Korfmann
• Troy - Hittite evidence
• Troy - Homeric Ilion and historical Wilusa
• Troy - Status of the Iliad
• Troy - The Iliad as essentially legendary
• Troy - The Iliad as essentially historical
• Troy - Tourism
• Troy - Troy in later legend

Read more here: » Troy: Encyclopedia - Troy

The Andronovo culture is a cover term for a group of Bronze Age cultures of southern Siberia and Central Asia, ca. 2300–1000 BCE. It is probably better termed an archaeological complex or archaeological horizon. The name derives from the village of Andronovo (55°53′N 55°42′E), where in 1914, several graves were discovered, with skeletons in crouched positions, buried with richly decorated pottery. At least four sub-cultures have been since distinguished, during which the culture expands towards the south and the east:Including:

• Andronovo culture - Successors
• Andronovo culture - External link

Read more here: » Andronovo culture: Encyclopedia - Andronovo culture

Gyumri (first Kumayri or Gyumri, then Alexandropol (1840-1924), then Leninakan (1924-1990), then again Gyumri), is the capital of the Shirak province in northwest Armenia. It is located about 50 miles (90 km) from the Armenian capital Yerevan and, with a population of 150,917 (2001 census), is the second-largest city in the country. The first settlement at the location occupied by the modern city of Gyumri is believed to have been founded some time in the 5th century BC, perhaps ca. 401 BC, by ...

Including:

• Gyumri - Notes
• Gyumri - Contribution of Information

Read more here: » Gyumri: Encyclopedia - Gyumri

Assyria in earliest historical times referred to a region on the Upper Tigris river, named for its original capital, the ancient city of Ashur. Later, as a nation and Empire, it also came to include roughly the northern half of Mesopotamia (the southern half being Babylonia). Assyria proper was located in a mountainous region, extending along the Tigris as far as the high Gordiaean or Carduchian mountain range of Armenia, sometimes called the "Mountains of Ashur". Assyria - Early history. Of the earl ...

Including:

• Assyria - Early history
• Assyria - Old Assyrian city-state
• Assyria - Assyrian Empire
• Assyria - Assyrian empire-building
• Assyria - Sargonid dynasty
• Assyria - Downfall and heritage

Read more here: » Assyria: Encyclopedia - Assyria

Scythia was an area in Eurasia inhabited in ancient times by a group of Iranian people speaking Indo-Iranian languages, known as the Scythians. The location and extent of Scythia varied over time, from the Altai region where Mongolia, China, Russia, and Kazakhstan come together, across South of Ukraine to the lower Danube river area, Bulgaria and Georgia. The Saka were Asian Scythians and were known as Sai (Character: ...

Including:

• Scythia - Etymology
• Scythia - Scythian society
• Scythia - History
• Scythia - Overview
• Scythia - Scythians in Classical sources
• Scythia - Scythians in the Bible
• Scythia - Peoples claimed to be Scythian
• Scythia - Pazyryk culture
• Scythia - Scythian Gelonus Belsk
• Scythia - The Ryzhanovka kurgan
• Scythia - Scythian gold
• Scythia - Sakas
• Scythia - Indo-Scythians
• Scythia - Scythians and China
• Scythia - The genetic argument
• Scythia - The idea of Scythia

Read more here: » Scythia: Encyclopedia - Scythia

   total    density    urban 2,000,192 77/km 62.8% The Crimea /kraɪˈmia/ is a peninsula and an autonomous republic of Ukraine on the northern coast of the Black Sea. It is home to the Crimean Tatars, who comprise thirteen percent of the population. The official name is Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukrainian: Автономна Республіка Крим, Avtonomna Respublika Krym; Russian: Including:

• Crimea - Geography
• Crimea - History
• Crimea - Early History
• Crimea - Crimean Khanate
• Crimea - Russian Empire
• Crimea - Soviet Union
• Crimea - Autonomy in independent Ukraine

Read more here: » Crimea: Encyclopedia - Crimea

The Crimean Tatars (Qırımtatar (aka Qırım, Qırımlı and Qırım türkü), Pl. Qırımtatarlar (aka Qırımlar, Qırımlılar, Qırım türkleri)) are a Turkic ethnic group originally residing in the Crimean peninsula. They speak the Crimean Tatar language. In modern times, in addition to living in Crimea, there is a large diaspora of the Crimean Tatars in Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria, Western Europe and North America. (See Crimean Tatar diaspora for more information)

• Crimean Tatars - History
• Crimean Tatars - Wikisource

Read more here: » Crimean Tatars: Encyclopedia - Crimean Tatars

The anthropomorphic stone stelae found in the Ukrainian steppe, with some finds extending the area to Moldavia, the northern Caucasus (Southern Federal District) and the area north of the Caspian Sea (western Kazakhstan), date from the Copper Age (ca. 4000 BC–2000 BC), through the Cimmerian period and Scythian and Sarmatian times to the early Slavs of the 1st millennium CE. They were first described by Erik Lasote, ambassador to emperor Rudolf, in 1594, who recorded "seven beacons, images cut from stone, and they ...

Including:

• Ukrainian stone stela - Copper Age and Bronze Age
• Ukrainian stone stela - Cimmerians
• Ukrainian stone stela - Scythians and Sarmatians
• Ukrainian stone stela - Early Slavs

Read more here: » Ukrainian stone stela: Encyclopedia - Ukrainian stone stela