Cilicia

In ancient geography, Cilicia ("Ki-LIK-ya") formed a district on the southeastern coast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey), north of Cyprus. Cilicia extended along the Aegean coast east from Pamphylia, to Mount Amanus (Giaour Dagh), which separated it from Syria. North of Cilicia lie the rugged Taurus Mountains that separate it from the high central plateau of Anatolia, which are pierced by a narrow gorge, called since Antiquity the Cilician Gates. Ancient Cilicia was naturally divided into Cilicia Trachea and Cilicia Pedias ...

Including:

• Cilicia - The Persian Royal Road
• Cilicia - Early history
• Cilicia - Hellenism and Roman Cilicia
• Cilicia - Armenian kingdom
• Cilicia - Ottoman and modern Turkish Cilicia

Read more here: » Cilicia: Encyclopedia - Cilicia

Similarly Alexander found the Gates open, when he came down from the plateau in 333 BC; and from these facts it may be inferred that the great pass was not under direct Persian control, but under that of a vassal power always ready to turn against its suzerain. After Alexander's death it was long a battleground of rival marshals and kings, and for a time fell under Ptolemaic dominion (i.e. Egypt), but finally under that of the Seleucids, who, howe ...

See also:

Cilicia, Cilicia - The Persian Royal Road, Cilicia - Early history, Cilicia - Hellenism and Roman Cilicia, Cilicia - Armenian kingdom, Cilicia - Ottoman and modern Turkish Cilicia

Read more here: » Cilicia: Encyclopedia II - Cilicia - Hellenism and Roman Cilicia

In ancient geography, Cappadocia (spelled Kapadokya in Turkish) (Greek: Καππαδοκία; see also List of traditional Greek place names) was an extensive inland district of Asia Minor (modern Turkey). In the time of Herodotus the Cappadocians occupied the whole region from Mount Taurus to the Euxine (Black Sea). Cappadocia, in this sense, was bounded in the south by the chain of Mount Taurus, to the east by the Euphrates, north by Pontus, and west vaguely by the great central salt lake. But it is impossible to defin ...

Including:

• Cappadocia - Etymology
• Cappadocia - History
• Cappadocia - Tourism in Cappadocia

Read more here: » Cappadocia: Encyclopedia - Cappadocia

Mithras was the central savior god of Mithraism, a syncretic Hellenistic mystery religion of male initiates that developed in the Eastern Mediterranean in the 2nd and 1st centuries BC and was practiced in the Roman Empire from the 1st century BC to the 5th century AD. Parthian coins and documents bear a double date with a 64 year interval that represents Mithra's ascension to heaven, traditionally given as the equivalent of 208 BC, 64 years after his birth. The Romanized Greek Plutarch says that in 67 BC a large band of pirates in Cilicia—on the southeast coast of Anatolia ...

Including:

• Mithras - Religion
• Mithras - Worship

Read more here: » Mithras: Encyclopedia - Mithras

After the Armenian Apostolic Church, along with the rest of Oriental Orthodoxy formally broke off communion from the Chalcedonian churches, numerous Armenian bishops made attempts to restore communion with the Catholic Church. In 1195 during the Crusades, the church of the Armenian kingdom of Cilicia entered into a union with the Catholic Church which lasted until Cilicia was conquered by Tatars in 1375. The union was later re-established during the council of Florence in 1439, but did not have any real effects until the year 1740, wh ...

Read more here: » Armenian Catholic Church: Encyclopedia - Armenian Catholic Church

Mithraism (in Persian: مهرپرستی) was an ancient mystery religion prominent from the 1st century BC to the 5th century AD. It was based on worship of the god Mithras and derives from the Persian and Indic god Mithra and other Zoroastrian deities. Mithras was known throughout Europe and Asia by the names Mithra, Mitra, Meitros, Mihr, Mehr, and Meher. The veneration of this God began about 4000 years ago in Persia, where ...

Including:

• Mithraism - Principles of Mithraism
• Mithraism - The mithraeum
• Mithraism - Mithraic ranks
• Mithraism - The iconography of Mithraism
• Mithraism - History of Mithraism
• Mithraism - Mithraism In Persia Iran
• Mithraism - Mithraism in early Rome
• Mithraism - Mithraism in the Roman Empire
• Mithraism - The demise of Mithraism
• Mithraism - Connections
• Mithraism - Parallels to Christianity
• Mithraism - Mithraic studies
• Mithraism - Places to see

Read more here: » Mithraism: Encyclopedia - Mithraism

This is a list of Armenian Catholic Patriarchs. The Armenian Catholic patriarchate was established in 1740 and recognized by the Pope of the Catholic Church in 1742 following a schism within the Armenian Patriarchate based in Cilicia. They are one of the Uniate Patriarchs of the Eastern Rite of the Catholic Church. Armenian Catholic Patriarchs - Armenian Catholic Patriarchs of Cilicia 1737-present. Apraham Bedros I 1737-1749 Hagop Bedros II 1749-1753 Mikael Bedros III 1753-17 ...

Including:

• Armenian Catholic Patriarchs - Armenian Catholic Patriarchs of Cilicia 1737-present

Read more here: » Armenian Catholic Patriarchs: Encyclopedia - Armenian Catholic Patriarchs

The Battle of Harran took place on May 7, 1104 between the Crusader states of the Principality of Antioch and the County of Edessa, and the Seljuk Turks. It was the first major battle against the newfound Crusader states in the aftermath of the First Crusade. In 1104, while the Seljuks were harassing the borders of the County of Edessa, count Baldwin II sought help from Bohemond I of Antioch and Tancred, Prince of Galilee. Bohemond and Tancred marched north from Antioch to Edessa to join with Baldwin and Joscelin of Courtenay, ...

Read more here: » Battle of Harran: Encyclopedia - Battle of Harran

This is a list of Armenian Catholicoi of Cilicia. The Armenian patriarchate was transferred from Armenia to Cilicia in 1058. Although the see at Echmiadzin was restored in 1441, the Cilician patriarch still continued office until the present day. Today the see is located at Antelias in Lebanon. His Holiness, the Catholicos of Armenia and All Armenians claims soverignty over the Catholicos of Cilicia. List of Armenian Catholicoi of Cilicia - Catholicoi of the Great House of Cilicia and the Middle East. ...

Including:

• List of Armenian Catholicoi of Cilicia - Catholicoi of the Great House of Cilicia and the Middle East
• List of Armenian Catholicoi of Cilicia - First Sis era 267-301
• List of Armenian Catholicoi of Cilicia - Sivas era 1058-1062 Tavbloor era 1062-1066
• List of Armenian Catholicoi of Cilicia - Dzamendav Zamidia era 1066-1116
• List of Armenian Catholicoi of Cilicia - Dzovk era 1116-1149 Hromgla era 1149-1293
• List of Armenian Catholicoi of Cilicia - Second Sis era 1293-1930
• List of Armenian Catholicoi of Cilicia - Antelias era Lebanon 1930-present

Read more here: » List of Armenian Catholicoi of Cilicia: Encyclopedia - List of Armenian Catholicoi of Cilicia

Adonis | Anat | Asherah | Astarte | Ba'al | Berith | Dagon | El | Elyon | Elohim | Hadad | Moloch | Mot | Salem | Shaddai | Yaw Adonai | El | Elohim | Elyon | Shaddai | Shekinah | YHWH Adad | Amurru | An/Anu | Anshar | Asshur | Abzu/Apsu | Enki/Ea | Enlil | Ereshkigal | Inanna/Ishtar | Kingu | Kishar | Lahmu & Lahamu | Marduk | Mummu | Nabu | Nammu | Nanna/Sin | Nergal | Ninhur ...

Including:

• Baal - Non-religious usage of the word Ba'al
• Baal - Deities called Ba‘al and Ba‘alat
• Baal - Ba'al of Carthage
• Baal - Ba‘al as a divine title in Israel and Judah
• Baal - Multiple Ba‘als and ‘Ashtarts
• Baal - Use of the word Ba‘al
• Baal - Ba'al as a demon
• Baal - Ba'al Zebûb

Read more here: » Baal: Encyclopedia - Baal

Armand de Périgord (or Hermann de Pierre-Grosse) (1178–1247?) was a descendant of the Counts of Périgord and Grand Master of the Knights Templar. He was master of Province des Pouilles and Sicily 1205–1232. In 1232 he was elected Grand Master of the Templars. He organized attacks on Cana, Safita, and Sephoria, and against the Muslim positions around the Sea of Galilee. All of these expeditions ...

Read more here: » Armand de Périgord: Encyclopedia - Armand de Périgord

In Greek mythology, Amphilochus, or Amphílokhos, was a son of Amphiaraus and Eriphyle. Eriphyle persuaded Amphiaraus to take part in the Seven Against Thebes raid, though he knew he would die. She had been persuaded by Polynices, who offered her the necklace of Harmonia, daughter of Aphrodite. Amphiaraus reluctantly agreed to join the battle and asked his sons, Alcmaeon and Amphilochus to avenge his death. In the battle, Amphiaraus sought to flee from Poriclymenus, the son of Poseidon, who wanted to kill him, but Zeus threw his thunder and the earth opene ...

Read more here: » Amphilochus: Encyclopedia - Amphilochus

The Crusades were a series of several military campaigns—usually sanctioned by the Papacy—that took place during the 11th through 13th centuries. Originally, they were Roman Catholic endeavors to recapture Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslims, but some were directed against other Europeans, such as the Fourth Crusade against Constantinople, the Albigensian Crusade against the Cathars ...

Including:

• Crusade - Historical background
• Crusade - Historical context
• Crusade - The major crusades
• Crusade - First Crusade
• Crusade - Second Crusade
• Crusade - Third Crusade
• Crusade - Fourth Crusade
• Crusade - Albigensian Crusade
• Crusade - Children's Crusade
• Crusade - Fifth Crusade
• Crusade - Sixth Crusade
• Crusade - Seventh Crusade
• Crusade - Eighth Crusade
• Crusade - Ninth Crusade
• Crusade - Crusades in Baltic and Central Europe
• Crusade - Crusade legacy
• Crusade - Europe
• Crusade - Islamic world
• Crusade - Jewish community
• Crusade - The Caucasus
• Crusade - Usage of the term crusade
• Crusade - Popular reputation
• Crusade - Eastern Orthodoxy
• Crusade - References and further reading

Read more here: » Crusade: Encyclopedia - Crusade

Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων Roman (Byzantine) Empire Motto: Βασιλεὺς Βασιλέων Βασιλεύων Βασιλευόντων (Greek: King of Kings Ruling Over Rulers) The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. In certain s ...

Including:

• Byzantine Empire - The term Byzantine Empire
• Byzantine Empire - Identity continuity and consciousness
• Byzantine Empire - Origin
• Byzantine Empire - Early history
• Byzantine Empire - The age of Justinian I
• Byzantine Empire - The fight for survival
• Byzantine Empire - Golden era
• Byzantine Empire - The Comneni and the Crusaders
• Byzantine Empire - Underlying reasons for decline
• Byzantine Empire - The Decline and Fall of the Byzantine Empire
• Byzantine Empire - Legacy and importance
• Byzantine Empire - Bibliography

Read more here: » Byzantine Empire: Encyclopedia - Byzantine Empire

Ancient Greece is the term used to describe the Greek-speaking world in ancient times. It refers not only to the geographical peninsula of modern Greece, but also to areas of Hellenic culture that were settled in ancient times by Greeks: Cyprus, the Aegean coast of Turkey (then known as Ionia), Sicily and southern Italy (known as Magna Graecia), and the scattered Greek settlements on the coasts of what are now Albania, Bulgaria, Egypt, Libya, southern France, sout ...

Including:

• Ancient Greece - Origins
• Ancient Greece - The rise of Hellas
• Ancient Greece - Social and political conflict
• Ancient Greece - The Persian Wars
• Ancient Greece - The dominance of Athens
• Ancient Greece - The Peloponnesian War
• Ancient Greece - Spartan and Theban dominance
• Ancient Greece - The rise of Macedon
• Ancient Greece - The conquests of Alexander
• Ancient Greece - Society
• Ancient Greece - Social Structure
• Ancient Greece - Way of Life
• Ancient Greece - Education

Read more here: » Ancient Greece: Encyclopedia - Ancient Greece

Muhammed ben Da'ud (1029–December 15, 1072) was the second sultan of the dynasty of Seljuk Turks, in Persia, and great-grandson of Seljuk, the founder of the dynasty. He assumed the name of Muhammed when he embraced Islam, and on account of his military prowess and personal valor and fighting skills he obtained the surname Alp Arslan, which signifies "a valiant lion." He succeeded his father Da'ud as ruler of Khorasan in 1059, and his uncle Toğrül as sultan of Iran and Baghdad in 1063, and thus became sole monarch of ...

Including:

• Alp Arslan - Byzantine struggle
• Alp Arslan - State organization
• Alp Arslan - Death
• Alp Arslan - Reference

Read more here: » Alp Arslan: Encyclopedia - Alp Arslan

Antiochus IV was made king of Commagene by Caligula, who even enlarged his territory but then deposed him almost immediately. Restored by Claudius in 41, he reigned until 72 as an ally of Rome against Parthia. That year he was deposed on suspicion of treason and retired to Rome. His sons Epiphanes and Callinicus fled to Parthia after a brief encounter with Roman troops. Several of his coins are extant, and their die-marks prove he did rule large parts of Cappadocia and Cilicia as well as Commagene proper. The reasons for provid

Read more here: » Antiochus IV of Commagene: Encyclopedia - Antiochus IV of Commagene

The Armenians are a nation and an ethnic group, originating in the Caucasus and eastern Asia Minor. A large concentration remain there, especially in Armenia, but almost as many are scattered elsewhere throughout the world (see Armenian Diaspora). Russia: 2–2.5 million 2 est. Georgia: 248,900–400,0004 est. United States: 385,488 (2000 census) — 1 million est. 3 France: 250,000 6 est. Iran: 200,000^Including:

• Armenians - History
• Armenians - Geographic distribution
• Armenians - Culture
• Armenians - Language
• Armenians - Religion
• Armenians - Institutions
• Armenians - Classification

Read more here: » Armenians: Encyclopedia - Armenians

In Greek mythology, Cilix was a son of the King of Tyre and brother of Cadmus and Europa. He father was either Agenor or Phoenix son of Agenor. (See Agenor and Phoenix.) Zeus saw Europa gathering flowers and immediately fell in love with her. Zeus transformed himself into a white bull and carried Europa away to the island of Crete. He then revealed his true identity and Europa became the first queen of Crete. Cadmus was sent out to find Europa and wandered to the region of Boeotia, and founded the city of Thebes. Cilix, Europa's other brother, also searched for her and settled down in Asia M ...

Read more here: » Cilix: Encyclopedia - Cilix

Crantor was a Greek philosopher of the Old Academy, born probably about the middle of the 4th century BC, at Soli in Cilicia. He was a fellow-pupil of Polemo in the school of Xenocrates at Athens, and was the first commentator on Plato. He is said to have written some poems which he sealed up and deposited in the temple of Athens at Soli (Diog. Laërtius iv. 5. 25). Of his celebrated work On Grief, a letter of condolence to his friend Hippocles on the death of his children, numerous extracts have been preserved in ...

Read more here: » Crantor: Encyclopedia - Crantor