In mythology chthonic (from Greek χθονιος-pertaining to the earth; earthy) designates, or pertains to, gods or spirits of the underworld, especially in Greek mythology. Greek khthon is one of several words for "earth"; it typically refers to the interior of the soil, rather than the living surface of the land (as does gaia or ge) or the land as territory (as does khora). It evokes at once abundance and the grave. Its pronunciation is somewhat awkward for English-speakers — for this re ...

Including:

• Chthonic - Chthonian and Olympian
• Chthonic - Cult type versus function
• Chthonic - In between

Read more here: » Chthonic: Encyclopedia - Chthonic

While terms like "Earth deity" have rather sweeping implications in English, the words khthonie and khthonios had a more precise and technical meaning in Greek, referring primarily to the manner of offering sacrifices to the god in question. In the typical chthonic cult, the animal victim was slaughtered into a bothros "pit" or megaron "sunken chamber". In the cult of the Olympian gods, by contrast, the victim was sacrificed onto a raised bomos "altar". Chthonic deities also tended to favor black victims over white ones, and their offerings were usually burned whole or buried rather ...

See also:

Chthonic, Chthonic - Chthonian and Olympian, Chthonic - Cult type versus function, Chthonic - In between

Read more here: » Chthonic: Encyclopedia II - Chthonic - Chthonian and Olympian

CHTHONIC: of or pertaining to the depths of the Earth. There seem to be rather powerful chthonic magickal or psychic forces tied in with the structure of each planet.

2) a type of Magick associated with the Necronomicon of H.P. Lovecraft. Not real,

(See also: CHTHONIC , Witchcraft, Wicca, Paganism, Pagan Dictionary)

Chthonic

(Greek. , "under the earth") Technical term describing gods and spirits of the underworld. Also the describes the: old gods" of The Necronomicon.

(See also: Chthonic , New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Oracle A divine saying, or the place or means by which a divine message is communicated. The soul, according to Plato, has a certain innate prophetic power. The person in whom this power is fully manifest needs no means of communication; in some it may be manifest temporarily and under certain conditions. In the Greek Heroic ages, deities spoke or appeared directly to man, as we see in Homer.

Later, indirect means of communication were used, which may be classed under the general name of oracular. In some cases the intervention of a seer was employed, as in the Sibyllae of Rome and the Pythian seeress of Delphi. Sometimes the "spirits" of the dead were consulted, as in the case of Saul and the wise woman of Endor, and Aeneas and Anchises.

The earth and the chthonic deities played an important part: at Delphi, though Apollo was consulted, yet the priestess was entranced, as alleged, through the influence of vapors from the earth; sometimes descent into subterranean caves was necessary, and the inquirer might have to undergo experiences analogous to those of one who dies, as in initiation.

Again, it was often customary for the inquirer to sleep in a sacred place to obtain in a dream a revelation from the presiding deity. Or the message might be conveyed by some sign requiring the skill of a diviner for its interpretation, but this comes under the head of divination and omens. The whole purpose was to supplement the intelligence of the incarnate man by appealing to truly spiritual intelligences.

Although a species of necromancy, or consulting with the dead, was not infrequent in the countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea, yet invariably it was strongly discountenanced and in many cases rigorously put down by the State. Even in those cases where Greek and Roman literature show important personages in mythology consulting the dead, it was understood among the educated that the astral spooks or shades thus evoked were by no means spirits of excarnate human beings; but the attempt was to gather from the astral shades automatic responses from impressions retained in the astral corpses.

The famous Greek oracles (manteia or chresteria) had a widespread repute which attests their public use, though their repute outlasted their genuineness.

(See also: Oracle , Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary)

Freyr (sometimes anglicized Frey[1]) is one of the most important deities in Norse paganism and Norse mythology. Worshipped as a fertility god, Freyr bestows "peace and pleasure" upon mortals. He rules over the rain, the shining of the sun and thereby the produce of the fields. He is one of the Vanir, the son of the sea god Njörðr and brother of the love goddess Freyja. The gods gave him Álfheimr, the realm of the Elves, as a teethi ...

Including:

• Freyr - Adam of Bremen
• Freyr - The Prose Edda
• Freyr - The Poetic Edda
• Freyr - Skírnismál
• Freyr - Skaldic poetry
• Freyr - Heimskringla
• Freyr - Icelanders' sagas
• Freyr - Gesta Danorum
• Freyr - Other traditions
• Freyr - Ballad of Veraldur
• Freyr - Possible Later Survivals
• Freyr - Notes

Read more here: » Freyr: Encyclopedia - Freyr

When Snorri Sturluson composed the Prose Edda in 13th century Iceland the pagan gods were still remembered despite more than two centuries of Christianity. Snorri introduces Freyr as one of the major gods. Njörðr í Nóatúnum gat síðan tvau börn, hét sonr Freyr en dóttir Freyja. Þau váru fögr álitum ok máttug. Freyr er hinn ágætasti af ásum. Hann ræðr fyrir regni ok skini sólar, ok þar með ávexti jarðar, ok á hann er gott at heita til árs ok friðar. Hann ræðr ok fésælu mann ...

See also:

Freyr, Freyr - Adam of Bremen, Freyr - The Prose Edda, Freyr - The Poetic Edda, Freyr - Skírnismál, Freyr - Skaldic poetry, Freyr - Heimskringla, Freyr - Icelanders' sagas, Freyr - Gesta Danorum, Freyr - Other traditions, Freyr - Ballad of Veraldur, Freyr - Possible Later Survivals, Freyr - Notes

Read more here: » Freyr: Encyclopedia II - Freyr - The Prose Edda

The 4th century Roman poet on geographical subjects, Rufus Avienus Festus, in Ora Maritima ("Seacoasts"), a document inspired by a Greek mariners' Periplus, records Oestriminis (Extreme West in Latin) peopled by the Oestrimni, a people that lived there from a long time, who had to run away from their lands after an invasion of serpents. This could be a relation to, the Saephe or Ophis ("People of the Serpents") and the Dragani ("People of the Dragons") that came to that lands and formed what w ...

See also:

Ophiussa, Ophiussa - The expulsion of the Oestrimni, Ophiussa - Land of the Ophi, Ophiussa - Ophi legend

Read more here: » Ophiussa: Encyclopedia II - Ophiussa - The expulsion of the Oestrimni

The Danish Gesta Danorum describes Freyr, under the name Frø, as the "viceroy of the gods". Frø quoque deorum satrapa sedem haud procul Upsala cepit, ubi veterem litationis morem tot gentibus ac saeculis usurpatum tristi infandoque piaculo mutavit. Siquidem humani generis hostias mactare aggressus foeda superis libamenta persolvit. — Book 3 "There was also a viceroy of the gods, Frø, who took up residence not far from Uppsala and altered the ancient system of sacrifice practised for centuries among many peopl ...

See also:

Freyr, Freyr - Adam of Bremen, Freyr - The Prose Edda, Freyr - The Poetic Edda, Freyr - Skírnismál, Freyr - Skaldic poetry, Freyr - Heimskringla, Freyr - Icelanders' sagas, Freyr - Gesta Danorum, Freyr - Other traditions, Freyr - Ballad of Veraldur, Freyr - Possible Later Survivals, Freyr - Notes

Read more here: » Freyr: Encyclopedia II - Freyr - Gesta Danorum

In Iceland, Freyr was second only to Thor in popularity. Some last vestiges of the offerings to Freyr still survive on the Swedish Christmas table in the form of the Christmas Ham, so great was his importance. A strophe of the Anglo Saxon Rune Poem (circa 1100) records that: Ing was first among the East Danes seen by men and this may refer to the origins of the worship of Ingui in the tribal areas that Tacitus mentions in his Germania as being populated by the Inguieonnic tribes. A later ...

See also:

Freyr, Freyr - Adam of Bremen, Freyr - The Prose Edda, Freyr - The Poetic Edda, Freyr - Skírnismál, Freyr - Skaldic poetry, Freyr - Heimskringla, Freyr - Icelanders' sagas, Freyr - Gesta Danorum, Freyr - Other traditions, Freyr - Ballad of Veraldur, Freyr - Possible Later Survivals, Freyr - Notes

Read more here: » Freyr: Encyclopedia II - Freyr - Other traditions

Snorri Sturluson's starts his epic history of the kings of Norway with Ynglingasaga, a euhemerized account of the Norse gods. Here Odin and the Æsir are men from Asia who gain power through their prowess in war and Odin's skills. But when Odin attacks the Vanir he bites off more than he can chew and peace is negotiated after a destructive and undecisive war. Hostages are exchanged to seal the peace deal and the Vanir send Freyr and Njörðr to live with the Æsir. At this point the saga, like Lokasenna, mentions that ...

See also:

Freyr, Freyr - Adam of Bremen, Freyr - The Prose Edda, Freyr - The Poetic Edda, Freyr - Skírnismál, Freyr - Skaldic poetry, Freyr - Heimskringla, Freyr - Icelanders' sagas, Freyr - Gesta Danorum, Freyr - Other traditions, Freyr - Ballad of Veraldur, Freyr - Possible Later Survivals, Freyr - Notes

Read more here: » Freyr: Encyclopedia II - Freyr - Heimskringla

Dumézil (1973, Appendix I) cites a Faroese ballad recorded in 1840 about Odin and his son Veraldur. It is believed that this Veraldur is also Freyr, as per Snorri's statement that Freyr was veraldar goð as mentioned above. In this ballad Veraldur, Odin's son, sets off to Zealand to seek the king's daughter in marriage despite Odin's warnings. The king of Zealand mislikes Veraldur and tricks him into falling into a brewing vat in a "hall of stone" where Veraldur drowns. When Odin hears the news, he decides to die and go to Asgard where his fol ...

See also:

Freyr, Freyr - Adam of Bremen, Freyr - The Prose Edda, Freyr - The Poetic Edda, Freyr - Skírnismál, Freyr - Skaldic poetry, Freyr - Heimskringla, Freyr - Icelanders' sagas, Freyr - Gesta Danorum, Freyr - Other traditions, Freyr - Ballad of Veraldur, Freyr - Possible Later Survivals, Freyr - Notes

Read more here: » Freyr: Encyclopedia II - Freyr - Ballad of Veraldur

Freyr is mentioned in several of the poems in the Poetic Edda. The information there is largely consistent with that in the Prose Edda. Some details are confirmed, some are neglected while others are added. Völuspá, generally considered the most powerful of the Eddic poems, describes the final confrontation between Freyr and Surtr during Ragnarök. Surtr fer sunnan með sviga lævi, skínn af sverði sól valtíva. Grjótbjörg gnata, en ...

See also:

Freyr, Freyr - Adam of Bremen, Freyr - The Prose Edda, Freyr - The Poetic Edda, Freyr - Skírnismál, Freyr - Skaldic poetry, Freyr - Heimskringla, Freyr - Icelanders' sagas, Freyr - Gesta Danorum, Freyr - Other traditions, Freyr - Ballad of Veraldur, Freyr - Possible Later Survivals, Freyr - Notes

Read more here: » Freyr: Encyclopedia II - Freyr - The Poetic Edda

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Freyr is referred to several times in skaldic poetry. In Húsdrápa he is said to ride a boar to Baldr's funeral. Ríðr á börg til borgar böðfróðr sonar Óðins Freyr ok folkum stýrir fyrstr inum gulli byrsta. — [4] The battle-bold Freyr rideth First on the golden-bristled Barrow-boar to the bale-fire Of Bal ...

See also:

Freyr, Freyr - Adam of Bremen, Freyr - The Prose Edda, Freyr - The Poetic Edda, Freyr - Skírnismál, Freyr - Skaldic poetry, Freyr - Heimskringla, Freyr - Icelanders' sagas, Freyr - Gesta Danorum, Freyr - Other traditions, Freyr - Ballad of Veraldur, Freyr - Possible Later Survivals, Freyr - Notes

Read more here: » Freyr: Encyclopedia II - Freyr - Skaldic poetry

One of the oldest written sources on pre-Christian Scandinavian religious practices is Adam of Bremen's Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum. Writing around 1080 Adam had access to first-hand accounts on pagan practices in Sweden. In his description of the Temple at Uppsala he mentions Freyr by the Latinized name Fricco. Nunc de supersticione Sueonum pauca dicemus. Nobilissimum illa gens templum habet, quod Ubsola dicitur, non longe positum ab Sictona civitate. In hoc templo, quod totum ex auro paratum est, statu ...

See also:

Freyr,