chronic

The word chronic comes from Chronos, the ancient Greek god of time. Chronic - Medicine. In medicine, a chronic disease is a persistent and lasting condition. More accurately, the chronic disease has a chronic course. Chronicity is usually defined as lasting more than three months. A chronic course must be differentiated from a recurrent course, where the disease relapses repeatedly, the relapses being separated by periods of temporary remission. The chronic course ...

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chronic: Encyclopedia - Chronic pancreatitis Chronic pancreatitis can present as episodes of acute inflammation in a previously injured pancreas, or as chronic damage with persistent pain or malabsorption. The causes of relapsing chronic pancreatitis are similar to those of acute pancreatitis, though gallstone-associated pancreatitis is predominantly acute or relapsing-acute in nature, and more cases of chronic pancreatitis are of undetermined or idiopathic origin. Patients with chronic pancreatitis can present with persistent abdominal pain or steatorrhea (diarrhea resul ...

chronic: Oceanography Dictionary - chronic

Definition and meaning of chronic:

chronic - long term or frequently recurring

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages : Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

chronic: Encyclopedia - Chronic pain

Chronic pain was originally defined as pain that has lasted 6 months or longer. It is now defined as pain that persists longer than the normal course of time associated with a particular type of injury. This constant or intermittent pain has often outlived its purpose, as it does not help the body to prevent injury. It is often more difficult to treat than acute pain. Expert physician care is generally necessary to treat any pain that has become chronic. When opioids are used for prolonged periods drug tolerance, chemical dependency a ...

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chronic: Encyclopedia - Chronic Town

Chronic Town is an EP released by the band R.E.M. in 1982 for I.R.S. Records. Chronic Town is the first illustration of R.E.M.'s signature musical style: jangling guitars, chords played in arpeggio, murmured vocals, and lyrics that completely avoid the standard topics of popular music - love and relationships. The band was unhappy with the sound of the record when it was released, although fans and critics hailed it as a great achievement. As a re ...

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chronic: Encyclopedia - Anemia of chronic disease

Anemia of chronic disease, increasingly referred to as "anemia of inflammation", is a form of anemia seen in chronic illness, e.g. from chronic infection, chronic immune activation, or malignancy. New discoveries suggest that the syndrome is likely primarily the result of the body's production of hepcidin, a master regulator of human iron metabolism. In response to inflammatory cytokines, the liver produces increased amounts of hepcidin. Hepcidin in turn stops ferroportin from releasing iron stores. Inflammatory cytokines also appear ...

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chronic: Encyclopedia - Chronic granulomatous disease

In medicine (genetics and pediatrics) chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a hereditary disease where neutrophil granulocytes are unable to destroy ingested pathogens. It leads to the formation of granulomata in many organs. Chronic granulomatous disease - Pathophysiology. Neutrophils require a set of enzymes to produce reactive oxygen species to destroy bacteria after their phagocytosis. Together these enzymes are termed "phagocyte NADPH oxidase" (phox). Defects in one of these enzymes can all cau ...

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chronic: Encyclopedia - Chronic fatigue syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), post-viral fatigue syndrome (PVFS) and various other names, is a syndrome of unknown and possibly multiple etiology, affecting the central nervous system (CNS), immune, and many other systems and organs. Most definitions other than the 1991 UK "Oxford", require a number of features, the most common being severe mental and physical depletion, which according to the 1994 Fukuda definition is "unrelieved by rest", and is usually made worse by even trivial exertion (controver ...

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Chronic fatigue syndrome - Diagnosis

chronic: Encyclopedia - Chronic renal failure

Chronic renal failure (CRF, or "chronic kidney failure", CKF) is a slowly progressive loss of renal function over a period of months or years and defined as an abnormally low glomerular filtration rate, which is usually determined indirectly by the creatinine level in blood serum. CRF that leads to severe illness and requires some form of renal replacement therapy (such as dialysis) is called end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Chronic renal failure - Signs and symptoms. Initially it is without sy ...

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chronic: Encyclopedia - Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (or CML) is a form of chronic leukemia characterised by increased production of myeloid cells in the bone marrow. It is a type of myeloproliferative disease associated with a characteristic chromosomal translocation termed the Philadelphia chromosome. It is traditionally treated with chemotherapy, interferon and bone marrow transplantation, although a specific inhibitor (imatinib mesylate) has radically changed the management. Chronic myelogenous leukemia - Signs and symptoms. Including:

Chronic myelogenous leukemia - Prognosis

chronic: Encyclopedia - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (or "chronic lymphoid leukemia") CLL, is a cancer in which too many lymphocytes (a type of white blood cells) are produced. CLL is the most-diagnosed form of leukemia in adults. Men are twice as likely to develop CLL as women, however the key risk factor is age: over 75% of new cases are diagnosed in patients over age 50. About 7300 new cases of CLL are diagnosed in the U.S. each year. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia - Subtypes. CLL has two subtypes: B-cell and T-cell ...

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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia - Stratification of risk of progression

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia - Treatment

chronic: Encyclopedia - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an umbrella term for a group of respiratory tract diseases that are characterised by airflow obstruction or limitation. It is usually caused by smoking. Conditions included in this umbrella term are: chronic bronchitis emphysema Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - Other names. COPD is also known as CORD, COAD, COLD which respectively stand for chronic obstructive respiratory, ...

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chronic: Encyclopedia - Abdominal pain

Abdominal pain can be one of the symptoms associated with transient disorders or serious disease. Making a definitive diagnosis of the cause of a person's abdominal pain can be quite difficult, because so many diseases can result in this symptom. Abdominal pain - Introduction. Abdominal pain is traditionally described by its chronicity (acute or chronic), its progression over time, its nature (sharp, dull, colicky), its distribution (by various methods, such as abdominal quadrant (left upper quadrant, left ...

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chronic: Encyclopedia - Diarrhea

Diarrhea (American English) or diarrhoea (Commonwealth English) is a condition in which the sufferer has frequent and watery, chunky, or loose bowel movements (from the ancient Greek word διαρροή = leakage; lit. "to run through"). In the Third World, diarrhea is the most common cause of death among infants, killing more than 1.5 million per year. Diarrhea - Causes. This condition can be a symptom of injury, disease or foodborne illness and is usually accompanied by abdominal pain ...

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Diarrhea - Treatment of diarrhea

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chronic: Encyclopedia - Bupropion

Bupropion Bupropion (amfebutamone) is an antidepressant of the amino ketone class, chemically unrelated to tricyclics or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It is similar in structure to the stimulant cathinone, and to phenethylamines in general. It is a chemical derivative of diethylpropion, an amphetamine-like substance used as an anorectic. Bupropion is both a dopamine reuptake inhibitor and a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. Bupropion - History. Bupropion was first sy ...

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chronic: Encyclopedia - Aortic insufficiency

Aortic insufficiency (AI), also known as aortic regurgitation (AR), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. Aortic insufficiency can be due to abnormalities of either the aortic valve or the aortic root (the beginning of the aorta). Aortic insufficiency - Etiology. About half of the cases of aortic insufficiency are due to the aortic root dilatation ( ...

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Aortic insufficiency - Related topics

chronic: Encyclopedia - Homeopathy

Homeopathy (also spelled homœopathy or homoeopathy) from the Greek words όμοιος, hómoios (similar) and πάθος, páthos (suffering), is a controversial system of alternative medicine. The model of homeopathy was developed by the Saxon physician Samuel Hahnemann (1755–1843) and first published in 1796. Homeopathy calls for treating "like with like", a doctrine referred to as the "Law of Similars". The practitioner considers the totality of symptoms of a given case, then chooses as a remed ...

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Homeopathy - Basic principles

Homeopathy - History

Homeopathy - Homeopathy around the world

Homeopathy - Diversity

Homeopathy - The status quo

Homeopathy - Misconceptions about homeopathy

Homeopathy - Safety of homeopathic treatment

chronic: Encyclopedia II - Chronic - Medicine

In medicine, a chronic disease is a persistent and lasting condition. More accurately, the chronic disease has a chronic course. Chronicity is usually defined as lasting more than three months. A chronic course must be differentiated from a recurrent course, where the disease relapses repeatedly, the relapses being separated by periods of temporary remission. The chronic course is often part of the definition of a disease and, therefore, often included in its name, for example: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic fatigue syndrome Chronic hepatitis Chronic leukem ...

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