Definition and meaning of chromosome:

chromosome - one of the threadlike "packages" of genes and other DNA in the nucleus of a cell. Different species of organisms have different numbers of chromosomes. In sexually reproducing species, each parent contributes one chromosome of each pair, so offspring get half of their chromosomes from the maternal parent and half from the paternal parent. Bacterial cells do not possess a nucleus, therefore their chromosomes are located in the cellular cytoplasm

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

XYY syndrome is a aneuploidy of the sex chromosomes in which a human male receives an extra Y chromosome in each cell, hence having a karyotype of 47,XYY. XYY syndrome is also called Jacob's Syndrome, XYY-trisomy, 47,XYY aneuploidy, or Supermale syndrome. XYY syndrome - First case. The first published report of a man with a 47,XYY chromosome constitution was by Dr. Avery A. Sandberg, et al. of Buffalo, New York in 1961. It was an incidental finding in a normal 44-year-old, ...

Including:

• XYY syndrome - First case
• XYY syndrome - Effects
• XYY syndrome - Physical traits
• XYY syndrome - Behavioral characteristics
• XYY syndrome - Cause and prevalence

Read more here: » XYY syndrome: Encyclopedia - XYY syndrome

The DNA which carries genetic information in biological cells is normally packaged in the form of one or more large macromolecules called chromosomes. A chromosome (in Greek chroma = color and soma = body) is, minimally, a very long, continuous piece of DNA, which contains many genes, regulatory elements and other intervening nucleotide sequences. In the chromosomes of eukaryotes, the uncondensed DNA exists in a quasi-ordered structure inside the nucleus, where it wraps around histones (structural proteins, Fig. 1 ...

Including:

• Chromosome - Chromosomes in plants yeast and animals
• Chromosome - Chromosomes in bacteria
• Chromosome - Chromatin
• Chromosome - Number of chromosomes in different species
• Chromosome - Karyotype
• Chromosome - Human
• Chromosome - Chromosomal aberrations

Read more here: » Chromosome: Encyclopedia - Chromosome

Some chromosome abnormalities do not cause disease in carriers, such as translocations, or chromosomal inversions, although they may lead to a higher chance of having a child with a chromosome disorder. Abnormal numbers of chromosomes or chromosome sets, aneuploidy, may be lethal or give rise to genetic disorders. Genetic counseling is offered for families that may carry a chromosome rearrangement. The gain or loss of chromosome material can lead to a variety of genetic disorders. Examples include: Cri du chat, which is c ...

See also:

Chromosome, Chromosome - History, Chromosome - Chromosomes in plants yeast and animals, Chromosome - Chromosomes in bacteria, Chromosome - Chromatin, Chromosome - Number of chromosomes in different species, Chromosome - Karyotype, Chromosome - Human, Chromosome - Chromosomal aberrations

Read more here: » Chromosome: Encyclopedia II - Chromosome - Chromosomal aberrations

Two types of chromatin can be distinguished: Euchromatin, which consists of DNA that is active, e.g., expressed as protein. Heterochromatin, which consists of mostly inactive DNA. It seems to serve structural purposes during the chromosomal stages. Heterochromatin can be further distinguished into two types: Constitutive heterochromatin, which is never expressed. It is located around the centromere and usually contains repetitive sequences. Facultative heterochromatin, which is ...

See also:

Chromosome, Chromosome - History, Chromosome - Chromosomes in plants yeast and animals, Chromosome - Chromosomes in bacteria, Chromosome - Chromatin, Chromosome - Number of chromosomes in different species, Chromosome - Karyotype, Chromosome - Human, Chromosome - Chromosomal aberrations

Read more here: » Chromosome: Encyclopedia II - Chromosome - Chromatin

The Y chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in humans and most other mammals. (The other is the X chromosome.) It is a part of the XY sex-determination system. It contains the genes that cause testis development, thus determining maleness. The Y chromosome spans about 50 million base pairs (the building blocks of DNA) and represents between 0.5 and 1 percent of the total DNA in cells. In most species, it contains the fewest genes of ...

Including:

• Y chromosome - Function
• Y chromosome - Origins
• Y chromosome - Chromosomal conditions related to chromosome Y
• Y chromosome - Repair of the Y chromosome
• Y chromosome - Y chromosome in Genetic Genealogy

Read more here: » Y chromosome: Encyclopedia - Y chromosome

Bacterial chromosomes are often circular but sometimes linear. Some bacteria have one chromosome, while others have a few. Bacterial DNA also exists as plasmids. The distinction between plasmids and chromosomes is poorly defined, though size and necessity are generally taken into account. Bacterial chromosomes initiate replication and one origin of replication. When linear, bacterial chromosomes tend to be tethered to the plasma membrane of the bacteria. In molecular biology application, this allows for its isolation from plasmid DNA by centrifugation of lysed bacte ...

See also:

Chromosome, Chromosome - History, Chromosome - Chromosomes in plants yeast and animals, Chromosome - Chromosomes in bacteria, Chromosome - Chromatin, Chromosome - Number of chromosomes in different species, Chromosome - Karyotype, Chromosome - Human, Chromosome - Chromosomal aberrations

Read more here: » Chromosome: Encyclopedia II - Chromosome - Chromosomes in bacteria

Normal members of a particular species all have the same number of chromosomes (see the table). Asexually reproducing species have one set of chromosomes, which is the same in all body cells. Gametes, reproductive cells, are haploid [n] and have one set of chromosomes. Sexually reproducing species have somatic cells, body cells, which are diploid [2n] having two sets of chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father. Gametes are produced by meiosis of a diploid germ line cell. During meiosis, the matching chromosomes ...

See also:

Chromosome, Chromosome - History, Chromosome - Chromosomes in plants yeast and animals, Chromosome - Chromosomes in bacteria, Chromosome - Chromatin, Chromosome - Number of chromosomes in different species, Chromosome - Karyotype, Chromosome - Human, Chromosome - Chromosomal aberrations

Read more here: » Chromosome: Encyclopedia II - Chromosome - Number of chromosomes in different species

The X chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in humans and other animals (the other is the Y chromosome). It is a part of the XY sex-determination system. X chromosome - Function. The sex chromosomes are one of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes. The X chromosome spans more than 153 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents about 5 percent of the total DNA in cells. Each person normally has one pair of sex chromosomes in each cell. Females have two X chromosomes, while mal ...

Including:

• X chromosome - Function
• X chromosome - Role in disease
• X chromosome - Numerical abnormalities
• X chromosome - Other conditions

Read more here: » X chromosome: Encyclopedia - X chromosome

As a diploid cell is formed from the genetic recombination of two haploid cells, within a diploid cell there are normally two sets of chromosomes that code for the same information, one from the mother's haploid cell and the other from the father's. These chromosomes are called homologous chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes need not be genetically identical. For example, one particular locus (location) on one of the father's chromosomes may code for green eyes, while the same locus on the mother's chromosome may code for brown eyes. This genetic var ...

See also:

Meiosis, Meiosis - Occurrence of meiosis in eukaryotic life cycles, Meiosis - Chromosome segregation in meiosis, Meiosis - Process, Meiosis - Meiosis I, Meiosis - Meiosis II, Meiosis - Significance of meiosis, Meiosis - Nondisjunction, Meiosis - Meiosis in humans

Read more here: » Meiosis: Encyclopedia II - Meiosis - Chromosome segregation in meiosis

Siddha master:

One who has attained the state of enlightenment and who has the capacity to awaken the dormant spiritual energy of a disciple and guide him or her to the state of the Truth.

(See also: Siddha master , Yoga, Yoga Dictionary, Siddha Yoga, Siddha Yoga Dictionary)

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This is a sitemap for Oceanography - C . Click on a link and you will find multiple definitions and articles related to the word. The sitemap(s) covers over 5.184 different Oceanography terms.

caco3, cacophonous, cadastral survey, caecum, calathiform, calcarea, calcareous, calcareous ooze, calcariform, calceolus, calcification, calcite, calcite skeleton, calcium carbonate, calibrate, calicle, calicoblastic epithelium, caliculate, calm, calorie, calorimetry, calyciform, calyculus, calypto, calyptoblastic, calyx, cambrian explosion, camouflage, campam, campaniform, campanulate, canal, canaliculus, cancellous, cancriform, cancroid, canine tooth, cannibalism, canopy, cape, capillary, capillary action, capsid, captaculum, captive breeding, capture-recapture method, cara, carapace, carbohydrase, carbohydrates, carbon cycle, carbon fixation, carbonate, carbonate bank, carbonate compensation depth, carbonate mound, carbonate platform, carboxyl group, carcinogen, carcinology, cardinal, cardinalfish, caribbean coastal marine productivity, caribbean coral reef institute, caribbean decision support system, caribbean marine protected area management, caribbean regional association, caricomp, caridean shrimp, carina, carinate, cariniform, carnivore, carolus, carotene, carotenoid, carpogonium, carposporangium, carpospore, carposporophyte, carrageenan, carrier cell, carrion, carrus alliance, carrying capacity, cartagena convention, cartilage, cartilagenous, cartography, caruncle, casi, cast net, catabolism, catadromous species, catalysis, catalyst, catamaran, catastrophe, catch per unit effort, catchment, categorical excusion, category, catenation, cation, caudal, caudal fan, caudal peduncle, cavate, cay, c-card, ccri, cdhc, cdna, cdna library, cd-rom, cdss, cell, cell adhesion, cell body, cell culture, cell cycle, cell division, cell division by mitosis, cell fusion, cell line, cell membrane, cell wall, cellular differentiation, cellular respiration, cellulolytic enzyme, cellulose, cement, cenospecies, cenozoic, census, census of coral reefs, census of marine life, center line, center of genetic diversity, center of origin, centigrade temperature scale, centimorgan, centrad, centradenia, central dogma, central dogma of molecular biology, centrifugation, centriole, centrolecithal, centromere, centrosome, centrum, cephalic, cephalization, cephalopoda, cephalopodium, cephalothorax, ceras, cerebral ganglion, cerioid growth form, cerulean, cetacean, cf, cfc, cfs, chaeta, chaetodontidae, chain transect, champ, channel, character, character displacement, charismatic megafauna, charles law, chela, cheliceramorpha, cheliform, cheliped, chemical bond, chemical equilibrium, chemical evolution, chemical oxygen demand, chemiluminescence, chemoautotroph, chemocline, chemokinesis, chemoorganotroph, chemoreceptor, chemosynthesis, chemotaxis, chemotrophs, chimaera, chimera, chimeric protein, chi-square, chi-square distribution, chi-square test, chitin, chiton, chlorocruorin, chlorofluorocarbons, chlorophyll, chloroplast, chlorosis, choanocyte, choanocyte chamber, choanoderm, choanosome, chondrichthyes, chordata, chorion, chorology, chory, christmas tree coral, chromatid, chromatin, chromatophore, chromocyte, chromoplast, chromosomal aberration, chromosomal deletion, chromosomal mutation, chromosome, chromosome aberration, chronic, chronobiology, chronograph, chronology, chronometer, chub, ci, ciguatera, ciguatoxin, cilia, ciliary, ciliated epithelium, ciliophora, cinclide, circa, circadian, circadian rhythm, circinate, circulatory system, circum, circumesophageal, circumesophageal commissure, circumesophageal connective, circumesophageal nerve ring, cirrus, cistron, cites, citreous, citric acid cycle, clade, cladist, cladistic distance, cladistic species, cladistics, cladogenesis, cladogram, clasper, class, class interval, classical conditioning, classification, clathrate, clavate, clean water act, cleaner wrasse, cleaning behavior, cleaning station, cleavage, cleo, client, climate, climate change, climate variability, climate-induced bleaching, climax, clinal speciation, cline, cloaca, clod, clone, clone cells, cloned dna, cloning, cloning vector, closed circuit scuba, closed circulatory system, closed system, clostridium, clupeoid fish, clupeoid fish poisoning, clupeotoxic fish, clupeotoxin, cluster analysis, cnida, cnidaria, cnidocyte, cnidosac, coacervate, co-adaptation, coalesce, coarse sediment, coastal area, coastal flooding, coastal margin, coastal morphology, coastal reef, coastal waterway, coastal zone, coastal zone color scanner, coastal zone management act, coat protein, cobsea, coccoid, coccus, cod, cod end, code, coding, coding region, coding sequence, coding strand, codon, coefficient, coefficient of faunal similarity, coefficient of variation, coelenterata, coelenteron, coelobite, coeloblastula, coelom, coelozoic, coenecium, coenenchyme, coenocline, coenosarc, coenosteum, coenosteum pit, coenzyme, coevolution, cofactor, cohort, cold front, cold seep, cold water, cold-water coral ecosystem, coliform bacteria, collagen, collagenous, collagenous fiber, collar cell, collection, collenchyme, collencytes, collinear, collinear points, colloblast, colloid, colonial, colonial coral, colonization, colonized hardbottom, colony, color, color card, colorimeter, coloumb, columella, column, columnar, columnar colony, co-management, comb row, coml, commensal, commercial extinction, commercial fishing, commission, commissure, common ancestor, common name, commonwealth, communication network, community, community-based ecosystem management, compact airborne spectrographic imager, compact branching, compact disk-read only memory, compact of free association, comparative analysis of reef resilience under stress alliance, compensation depth, competition, competitive exclusion, competitive release, complement, complementarity, complementary base pair, complementary dna, complementary nucleotide, complementary resources, complete protein, complexity, compound, compound chromatophore, compound eye, compressed, compressed air, compression, conchiform, conchology, conciliatory behavior, 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extensions, coral probiotic hypothesis, coral product, coral reef, coral reef alliance, coral reef bleaching monitoring product, coral reef degradation in the indian ocean, coral reef early warning system, coral reef ecosystem research plan, coral reef ecosystems integrated observing system, coral reef ecosystems studies- caribbean program, coral reef initiative for the south pacific, coral reef targeted research & capacity building for management, coral reef watch, coral reef watch experimental doldrums product, coral reef watch program, coral reef virtual laboratory, coral rock, coral rubble, coral stress index, corallimorpharia, coralline algae, coralline lethal orange disease, corallite, corallivore, corallum, cordate, cordio, core, coremo 2, cornetfish, cornute, correlate, correlation, correlation coefficient, correlogram, corridor, corrugated, cortex, corvil, corymbose, cosmid, cosmopolitan, cosmopolitan distribution, costa, cost-benefit analysis, coulombmeter, coulter counter, counter current, counter shading, courtship behavior, covalence, covalent bond, cove, cpce, cpp, crag, craggy, craterform, crateriform, creefs, creefs project, creel survey, creios, crenulate, crepuscular, cres, crews, crinoidea, crinose, crisp, criterion, critical depth, critical habitat, critical value, crocodile, crocodilefish, cross, crossing over, crtr project, crust, crustacea, crustose, crustose coralline algae, crw, crw satellite bleaching alert, crypsis, cryptic, cryptobiosis, cryptogenic, cryptogenic species, cscor, ctene, ctenidium, cteniform, ctenoid, ctenophore, cucumiform, cue, cuirass, culling, culture, culture medium, cuneiform, curvilinear relationship, cusp, cutaneous, cuticle, cuticular pore, cuttle bone, cuvierian tubules, cwa, cyanide fishing, cyano-, cyanobacteria, cyanocyte, cyberspace, cycloid, cyclomorphosis, cyclone, cyclonic, cyclosystem, cydippid larva, cymbiform, cyst, cystid, cytochrome, cytochrome oxidase, cytogenetics, cytokinesis, cytology, cytometer, cytoplasm, cytoplasmic genes, cytoplasmic inheritance, cytosine, cytoskeleton, cytosol, cytotoxic, czcs,

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Oceanography, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

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Yawning

• If you yawn in your dreams, you will search in vain for health and contentment.
• To see others yawning, foretells that you will see some of your friends in a miserable state. Sickness will prevent them from their usual labors.

Source: 10 000 Dream Interpretations, by Gustavus Hindman Miller

(See also: Dream Archives, Meaning of Dreams, Dream Interpretation, Dream Dictionary, Dream Dictionary - Yawning , Meaning of Dreams about Yawning , Dream Interpretation Yawning )

Since cerebral palsy refers to a group of disorders, there is no exact known cause. Some major causes are asphyxia, hypoxia of the brain, birth trauma or premature birth, genetic susceptibility, certain infections in the mother during and before birth, central nervous system infections, trauma, and consecutive hematomas. In most people with CP, the cause is unknown. After birth, the condition may be caused by toxins, physical brain injury, incidents involving hypoxia to the brain (such as drowning), and encephalitis or meningitis. Despite all of these causes, the cause of many indivi ...

See also:

Cerebral palsy, Cerebral palsy - History, Cerebral palsy - Cause, Cerebral palsy - Incidence and prevalence, Cerebral palsy - Types, Cerebral palsy - Classified by group of muscles involved, Cerebral palsy - Classified by presentation, Cerebral palsy - Presentation signs and symptoms, Cerebral palsy - Imaging Findings, Cerebral palsy - Soft Tissue, Cerebral palsy - Bones, Cerebral palsy - Prognosis, Cerebral palsy - Treatment, Cerebral palsy - Usage of the term spastic

Read more here: » Cerebral palsy: Encyclopedia II - Cerebral palsy - Cause

Thomas Jefferson - Appearance and temperament. Jefferson was six feet, two-and-one-half inches (189 cm) in height, large-boned, slender, erect and sinewy. He had angular features, very poor posture, a very ruddy complexion, strawberry blonde hair and hazel-flecked, grey eyes. In later years he was negligent in dress and loose in bearing. There was grace, nevertheless, in his manners; and his frank and earnest address, his quick sympathy (though he seemed cold to strangers), and his vivacious, desultory, in ...

See also:

Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Jefferson - Early life and education, Thomas Jefferson - Political career to 1800, Thomas Jefferson - Presidency, Thomas Jefferson - Inauguration, Thomas Jefferson - Events during his Presidency, Thomas Jefferson - Cabinet, Thomas Jefferson - Supreme Court appointments, Thomas Jefferson - States admitted to the Union, Thomas Jefferson - Father of a university, Thomas Jefferson - Jefferson's death, Thomas Jefferson - Personal characteristics and views, Thomas Jefferson - Appearance and temperament, Thomas Jefferson - Interests and activities, Thomas Jefferson - Political philosophy, Thomas Jefferson - Jeffersonian Democracy, Thomas Jefferson - Religious views, Thomas Jefferson - Jefferson and slavery, Thomas Jefferson - The Sally Hemings controversy, Thomas Jefferson - Monuments and memorials, Thomas Jefferson - Trivia

Read more here: » Thomas Jefferson: Encyclopedia II - Thomas Jefferson - Personal characteristics and views

Human - Anatomy and physiology. Main articles: Human anatomy, Human physical appearance & Human height Humans exhibit fully bipedal locomotion. This leaves the forelimbs available for manipulating objects using opposable thumbs. Humans vary substantially around the mean height and mean weight. Some of this variation is explained by locality and historical factors. Although body size is largely determined by genes, it is also significantly influenced by diet and ...

See also:

Human, Human - Terminology, Human - Biology, Human - Anatomy and physiology, Human - Life cycle, Human - Genetics, Human - Race and ethnicity, Human - Habitat, Human - Population, Human - Human evolution, Human - Intelligence, Human - Culture, Human - Origins, Human - Language, Human - Music, Human - Emotion and sexuality, Human - Body image, Human - Trade and economics, Human - Artifacts technology and science, Human - Mind, Human - Psychology and human ethology, Human - Philosophy, Human - Motivation, Human - Self-reflection and humanism, Human - Spirit

Read more here: » Human: Encyclopedia II - Human - Biology

XXY males are almost always infertile, and some degree of language impairment may be present. In adults, possible characteristics vary widely and include little to no signs of affectedness, a lanky, youthful build and facial appearance, or a rounded body type with some degree of gynecomastia (increased male breast tissue). Gynecomastia to some extent is present in about a third of individuals affected, a higher percentage than in the XY population. The far end of the spectrum is also associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, pulmonary diseas ...

See also:

Klinefelter's syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome - Cause, Klinefelter's syndrome - Signs and symptoms, Klinefelter's syndrome - Treatment, Klinefelter's syndrome - Reference

Read more here: » Klinefelter's syndrome: Encyclopedia II - Klinefelter's syndrome - Signs and symptoms

In biology, a trait or character is a genetically inherited feature of an organism. As synonym for trait can be sometimes used the term phenotype; the difference is that this second term can also indicate the total physical appearance or constitution. Trait - Definition. A trait may be any single feature or quantifiable measurement of an organism. However, the most useful traits for genetic analysis are present in different forms in different individuals. A visible tra ...

Including:

• Trait - Definition
• Trait - Environmental origin
• Trait - Genetic origin of traits in diploid organisms
• Trait - Mendelian expression of genes in diploid organisms
• Trait - Biochemistry of dominance and extensions to expression of traits

Read more here: » Trait: Encyclopedia - Trait

The California Institute of Technology (commonly referred to as Caltech) is a private, coeducational university located in Pasadena, California, in the United States. One of the world's premier research universities, Caltech maintains a strong emphasis on the natural sciences and engineering. Caltech also owns and manages the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), an autonomous-space-flight complex that oversees the design and operation of most of NASA's space-probes. California Institute of Technology - History. Including:

• California Institute of Technology - History
• California Institute of Technology - Academics
• California Institute of Technology - Academic departments
• California Institute of Technology - Undergraduate program
• California Institute of Technology - Student life
• California Institute of Technology - House system
• California Institute of Technology - Traditions

Read more here: » California Institute of Technology: Encyclopedia - California Institute of Technology

No vital genes reside only on the Y chromosome, since 50% of humans do not have Y chromosomes. The only well-defined human disease linked to a defect on the Y chromosome is defective testicular development (due to deletion or deleterious mutation of SRY. This results in sex reversal, so that a person with an XY karyotype has a female phenotype (i.e., is born a female). The lack of the second X results in infertility for her. However it is possible for an abnormal ...

See also:

Y chromosome, Y chromosome - Function, Y chromosome - Origins, Y chromosome - Genes on the Y Chromosome, Y chromosome - Y chomosome-linked diseases, Y chromosome - Repair of the Y chromosome, Y chromosome - Y chromosome in Genetic Genealogy

Read more here: » Y chromosome: Encyclopedia II - Y chromosome - Y chomosome-linked diseases