The American Medical Association (AMA) is the largest association of medical doctors in the United States. Its purpose is to advance the interests of physicians, to promote public health, to lobby for medical legislation, and to raise money for medical education. The AMA also publishes the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) and runs the Stop America's Violence Everywhere, or SAVE, program. American Medical Association - History. 1847, Dr. Nathan Smith Davis and others establishe ...

Including:

• American Medical Association - History
• American Medical Association - Charitable Activities
• American Medical Association - Political positions
• American Medical Association - Criticisms

Read more here: » American Medical Association: Encyclopedia - American Medical Association

Back pain (also known as "dorsopathies") is pain felt in the back that may come from the spine, muscles, nerves, or other structures in the back. It may radiate from the lower, mid or upper back. The pain may be a tingling or burning sensation, a dull aching, or sharp pain. Weakness may also be felt in the legs or feet. Back pain is one of humanity's most frequent complaints and does not always reflect any underlying condition. Back pain that does not improve after a few days can sometimes indicate significant and seriou ...

Including:

• Back pain - Underlying causes
• Back pain - Management
• Back pain - Back manipulation and spinal manipulation
• Back pain - Physiotherapy exercise and behavior modification
• Back pain - Medical procedures
• Back pain - Related topics

Read more here: » Back pain: Encyclopedia - Back pain

Osteopathic medicine (known as osteopathy in the past) is a branch of medicine which views the human body holistically, and emphasizes the prevention and treatment of illness and injury through the use of manual and physical therapies, along with traditional medical practices such as drugs and surgery. Doctors of Osteopathic medicine (D.O.s) educated in the United States are fully licensed physicians equivalent to M.D.s. Osteopaths educated in the United Kingdom and elsewhere have a scope of practice limited mainly to musculoskeletal conditi ...

Including:

• Osteopathic medicine - History
• Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Principles
• Osteopathic medicine - Techniques of Osteopathic Medicine
• Osteopathic medicine - Scope of Manual Therapies
• Osteopathic medicine - Cranial Osteopathy
• Osteopathic medicine - Visceral Osteopathy
• Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine Around the World
• Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the USA
• Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the UK Australia Canada and NZ
• Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the European Union

Read more here: » Osteopathic medicine: Encyclopedia - Osteopathic medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) also known simply as Chinese medicine (Chinese: 中醫學, zhōngyī xué, or 中药学, zhōngyaò xué) is the name commonly given to a range of traditional medical practices used in China that have developed over the course of several thousand years of history. It is also regarded as an instance of oriental medicine, a term which may include other traditional Asian medical systems such as Japanese, Korean, Tibetan, and Mongolian medicine. Chinese medicine principally employs a method ...

Including:

• Traditional Chinese medicine - Uses
• Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM theory
• Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM diagnostics
• Traditional Chinese medicine - Diagnostic techniques
• Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM treatment techniques
• Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM and science
• Traditional Chinese medicine - The question of efficaciousness
• Traditional Chinese medicine - Purported mechanism of action
• Traditional Chinese medicine - Safety of Chinese medicines
• Traditional Chinese medicine - The relationship between TCM and Western medicine
• Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM and Animals

Read more here: » Traditional Chinese medicine: Encyclopedia - Traditional Chinese medicine

A spinal adjustment is the method of choice for treatment of musculoskeletal conditions by chiropractors. Commonly referred to as an "adjustment," this chiropractic treatment is defined as a high velocity, low amplitude thrust used to restore proper function to a joint. This is often associated with a loud audible popping sound that results from nitrogen gas being released from the synovial fluid found in diarthrodial joints. When an adjustment is performed by a chiropractor, the force applied separates the joint surfaces of th ...

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In the West, TCM is often considered alternative medicine; however, in mainland China and Taiwan, TCM is widely considered to be an integral part of the health care system. The term TCM is sometimes used specifically within the field of Chinese medicine to refer to the standardized set of theories and practices introduced in the mid-20th century under the government of Mao, as distinguished from related traditional theories and practices preserved by people in Taiwan, Hong Kong and by the overseas Chin ...

See also:

Traditional Chinese medicine, Traditional Chinese medicine - Uses, Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM theory, Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM diagnostics, Traditional Chinese medicine - Diagnostic techniques, Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM treatment techniques, Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM and science, Traditional Chinese medicine - The question of efficaciousness, Traditional Chinese medicine - Purported mechanism of action, Traditional Chinese medicine - Safety of Chinese medicines, Traditional Chinese medicine - The relationship between TCM and Western medicine, Traditional Chinese medicine - TCM and Animals

Read more here: » Traditional Chinese medicine: Encyclopedia II - Traditional Chinese medicine - Uses

For much of the twentieth century, the AMA opposed publicly funded medicine. When the 1937 Marijuana Tax Act was passed in the U.S., the AMA protested the law soon after, both on the grounds of actual disagreement with the law and the supporters' lies on the subject. Harry J. Anslinger (Bureau of Narcotics Commissioner) and others had claimed the AMA had vocalized support when, in fact, the opposite was true. In the 1930s, it attempted to prohibit its members from working for the primitive health maintenance organizations that had spr ...

See also:

American Medical Association, American Medical Association - History, American Medical Association - Charitable Activities, American Medical Association - Political positions, American Medical Association - Criticisms

Read more here: » American Medical Association: Encyclopedia II - American Medical Association - Political positions

Lower back pain is the single most common chronic pain syndrome seen in pain clinics in the Western world. 90% of patients with acute back pain improve within one month, the 10% who do not improve account for 85% of annual expenditures on back pain. The management goals when dealing with back pain are to achieve maximal reduction in pain intensity as rapidly as possible; to restore function; to help the patient cope with residual pain; to assess for side effects of therapy; and to facilitate the patient's passage through the legal and socioeconomic impediments to recovery. Back pain - Back mani ...

See also:

Back pain, Back pain - Underlying causes, Back pain - Management, Back pain - Back manipulation and spinal manipulation, Back pain - Physiotherapy exercise and behavior modification, Back pain - Medical procedures, Back pain - Related topics

Read more here: » Back pain: Encyclopedia II - Back pain - Management

There are two main schools of thought within the osteopathic world. They are so different in practice as to be separate professions, but there have been attempts in the last few years to enhance exchange and dialogue between them. In the United States osteopathic medicine is practice by those holding a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degree (D.O.). A doctor with a D.O. is a fully licensed physician, just like an M.D. (Doctor of Medicine). Many are unaware of the D.O. degree, yet those holding it serve as physicians and surgeons in all ...

See also:

Osteopathic medicine, Osteopathic medicine - History, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Principles, Osteopathic medicine - Techniques of Osteopathic Medicine, Osteopathic medicine - Scope of Manual Therapies, Osteopathic medicine - Cranial Osteopathy, Osteopathic medicine - Visceral Osteopathy, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine Around the World, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the USA, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the UK Australia Canada and NZ, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the European Union

Read more here: » Osteopathic medicine: Encyclopedia II - Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine Around the World

The E-meter became the subject of a major controversy with the US Food and Drug Administration in the early 1960s, when the FDA became concerned the Church was using the E-meter to practice medicine without a license. The whole controversy is described by Jannsen, 1993. On January 4, 1963, more than one hundred E-meters were seized by US marshals at the "Founding Church of Scientology" building in Washington, D.C. The Church was accused of making false claims that the devices effectively treated some 70 percent of all physical and mental illness. The FDA also charged the devices did not bear adequate directions for treating the cond ...

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E-meter, E-meter - Usage, E-meter - Development of the E-meter, E-meter - Theory of operation, E-meter - Controversy, E-meter - External sites and references, E-meter - Official Church of Scientology site, E-meter - Other sites

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The plaintiffs were chiropractors in the state of Louisiana. They sued in the United States District Court to prevent state officials from applying a licensing scheme to them, arguing both that they were not within the group to whom the statute applied, and that the statute was unconstitutional. The District Court noted that a state court might find that the state law did not apply to the plaintiffs, and abst ...

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England v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners, England v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners - Facts, England v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners - Issue, England v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners - Result, England v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners - External link

Read more here: » England v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners: Encyclopedia II - England v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners - Facts

There are two main schools of thought within the osteopathic world. They are so different in practice as to be separate professions, but there have been attempts in the last few years to enhance exchange and dialogue between them. In the United States osteopathic medicine is practiced by those holding a Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degree (D.O.). A doctor with a D.O. is a fully licensed physician, just like an M.D. (Doctor of Medicine). Many are unaware of the D.O. degree, yet those holding it serve as physicians and surgeons in all ...

See also:

Osteopathic medicine, Osteopathic medicine - History, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Principles, Osteopathic medicine - Techniques of Osteopathic Manual Medicine OMM, Osteopathic medicine - Scope of Manual Therapies, Osteopathic medicine - Cranial Osteopathy, Osteopathic medicine - Visceral Osteopathy, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine Around the World, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the USA, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the UK Australia Canada and NZ, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the European Union, Osteopathic medicine - Criticism

Read more here: » Osteopathic medicine: Encyclopedia II - Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine Around the World

Lower back pain is the single most common chronic pain syndrome seen in pain clinics in the Western world. 90% of patients with acute back pain improve within one month, the 10% who do not improve account for 85% of annual expenditures on back pain. The management goals when dealing with back pain are to achieve maximal reduction in pain intensity as rapidly as possible; to restore function; to help the patient cope with residual pain; to assess for side effects of therapy; and to facilitate the patient's passage through the legal and socioeconomic impediments to recovery. Back pain - Back mani ...

See also:

Back pain, Back pain - Underlying causes, Back pain - Management, Back pain - Back manipulation and spinal manipulation, Back pain - Physiotherapy exercise and behavior modification, Back pain - Medical procedures

Read more here: » Back pain: Encyclopedia II - Back pain - Management

The Supreme Court, in an opinion by Justice Brennan, noted that the state court determination would indeed bind the federal court. The proper procedure, the Court determined, is to give notice that the federal issue is contended, but to expressly reserve the claim on the federal issue for the federal court. If such a reservation is made, the parties can return to the federal court, even if the state court makes a ruling on the issue. However, the Court also noted that even if the parties did not expressly reserve the federal issues, they can still return to the federal court if i ...

See also:

England v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners, England v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners - Facts, England v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners - Issue, England v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners - Result, England v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners - External link

Read more here: » England v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners: Encyclopedia II - England v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners - Result

In the United States Osteopathic medicine has been criticized for including unproven therapies such as cranial and cranio-sacral manipulation, and for having a greater tolerance for alternative medical practices. Osteopathic medical schools have been criticized for being less focused on research than allopathic schools. Critics also have pointed towards one study showing slightly lower GPA and MCAT scores among enrollees when compared to allopathic schools. Also, as the field encompasses all conventional medical prac ...

See also:

Osteopathic medicine, Osteopathic medicine - History, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Principles, Osteopathic medicine - Techniques of Osteopathic Manual Medicine OMM, Osteopathic medicine - Scope of Manual Therapies, Osteopathic medicine - Cranial Osteopathy, Osteopathic medicine - Visceral Osteopathy, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine Around the World, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the USA, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the UK Australia Canada and NZ, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the European Union, Osteopathic medicine - Criticism

Read more here: » Osteopathic medicine: Encyclopedia II - Osteopathic medicine - Criticism

Frequently, pain will be triggered by strenuous lifting that is uncharacteristic - that is, that follows a previous period of inactivity. Incidence of back pain in Western countries has increased in recent years. Most back pain is not caused by damaged intervertebral discs or any underlying physical cause. Instead, it is thought to be linked to a relatively inactive lifestyle, with people doing less exe ...

See also:

Back pain, Back pain - Underlying causes, Back pain - Management, Back pain - Back manipulation and spinal manipulation, Back pain - Physiotherapy exercise and behavior modification, Back pain - Medical procedures

Read more here: » Back pain: Encyclopedia II - Back pain - Underlying causes

Osteopathic practice started just before the chiropractic movement in the Midwest of the United States in the nineteenth century. Early in the twentieth century, the American osteopathic profession adopted the use of medicine and surgery, whereas chiropractors continue to use strictly manipulative techniques. Outside of the US, particularly in the United Kingdom, osteopaths tended to stay closer to their traditional approach. Osteopathy was founded by Andrew Taylor Still, M.D., D.O., who was born in 1828 in Virginia. Dr. A.T. Still was train ...

See also:

Osteopathic medicine, Osteopathic medicine - History, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Principles, Osteopathic medicine - Techniques of Osteopathic Manual Medicine OMM, Osteopathic medicine - Scope of Manual Therapies, Osteopathic medicine - Cranial Osteopathy, Osteopathic medicine - Visceral Osteopathy, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine Around the World, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the USA, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the UK Australia Canada and NZ, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the European Union, Osteopathic medicine - Criticism

Read more here: » Osteopathic medicine: Encyclopedia II - Osteopathic medicine - History

These are the eight major principles of osteopathy and are widely accepted throughout the osteopathic community. They are taken from the curriculum of the Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine. (1) The body is a unit. (2) Structure and function are reciprocally inter-related. (3) The body possesses self-regulatory mechanisms. (4) The body has the inherent capacity to defend and repair itself. (5) When the normal adaptability is disrupted, or when environmental changes overcome the body’s capacity for self maintenance, disease may ensue. (6) The mov ...

See also:

Osteopathic medicine, Osteopathic medicine - History, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Principles, Osteopathic medicine - Techniques of Osteopathic Manual Medicine OMM, Osteopathic medicine - Scope of Manual Therapies, Osteopathic medicine - Cranial Osteopathy, Osteopathic medicine - Visceral Osteopathy, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine Around the World, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the USA, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the UK Australia Canada and NZ, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the European Union, Osteopathic medicine - Criticism

Read more here: » Osteopathic medicine: Encyclopedia II - Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Principles

There are different techniques applied to the musculoskeletal system. These techniques can be applied to: (1) The joints (using High Velocity Technique, mobilization, etc.) (2) Their surrounding soft tissues (using functional and soft tissue techniques, etc.) (3) The muscles (4) The fascia. When combined, these forms of treatment allow the therapist to restore the normal contact within the joint and with other structures. This eliminates muscular spasms and tensions in the ligaments thereby restoring complete mobility to the joint. ...

See also:

Osteopathic medicine, Osteopathic medicine - History, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Principles, Osteopathic medicine - Techniques of Osteopathic Manual Medicine OMM, Osteopathic medicine - Scope of Manual Therapies, Osteopathic medicine - Cranial Osteopathy, Osteopathic medicine - Visceral Osteopathy, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine Around the World, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the USA, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the UK Australia Canada and NZ, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the European Union, Osteopathic medicine - Criticism

Read more here: » Osteopathic medicine: Encyclopedia II - Osteopathic medicine - Techniques of Osteopathic Manual Medicine OMM

Osteopathic practice started just before the chiropractic movement in the Midwest of the United States in the nineteenth century. Early in the twentieth century, the American osteopathic profession adopted the use of medicine and surgery, whereas chiropractors continue to use strictly manipulative techniques. Outside of the US, particularly in the United Kingdom, osteopaths tended to stay closer to their traditional approach. Osteopathy was founded by Andrew Taylor Still, M.D., D.O., who was born in 1828 in Virginia. Dr. A.T. Still was train ...

See also:

Osteopathic medicine, Osteopathic medicine - History, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Principles, Osteopathic medicine - Techniques of Osteopathic Medicine, Osteopathic medicine - Scope of Manual Therapies, Osteopathic medicine - Cranial Osteopathy, Osteopathic medicine - Visceral Osteopathy, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine Around the World, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the USA, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the UK Australia Canada and NZ, Osteopathic medicine - Osteopathic Medicine in the European Union

Read more here: » Osteopathic medicine: Encyclopedia II - Osteopathic medicine - History