Chinese folk religion

Chinese folk religion: Encyclopedia - Chinese folk religion

Chinese folk religion comprises the religion practiced in much of China for thousands of years which included ancestor worship and drew heavily upon concepts and beings within Chinese mythology. It is a constituent part of Chinese traditional religion. Folk religions have been practiced alongside Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism by Chinese people throughout the world for thousands of years. Worship, legends, festivals and various devotions associated with different folk gods and goddesses form an important part of Chinese cul ...

Chinese folk religion: Encyclopedia - Chinese traditional religion Chinese traditional religion is a loosely-connected system of practices and beliefs that has been practiced by large segments of the Han Chinese population of China from the early period of Chinese continuing to the present. With the influx of Western cultural influences for several centuries and the complex developments and modernization of the 20th century, the prevalence of Chinese traditional beliefs has declined, but still remain strong, many or most gradually transforming into elements of culture and social b ...

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Chinese folk religion: Encyclopedia II - Chinese traditional religion - Western views

As the French Wikipedia observes, This absence of a proper name, associated with the absence of any canonical literature, have for a long time caused it to be viewed by Westerners in the same way that the cult of the saints [veneration of saints] is viewed that is, as a popularized version of an "authentic" religion. ...

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Buddhism in Thailand - Influences
Buddhism in Thailand - Ordination and clergy

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Chinese folk religion: Encyclopedia - Chinese Rites controversy

The Chinese Rites controversy was a dispute within the Catholic Church in the early 18th century about whether Chinese folk religion rites and offerings to the emperor constituted idolatry or not. Pope Clement XI decided in favor of the Dominicans (who argued that Chinese folk religion and offerings to the emperor were incompatible with Catholicism), which greatly reduced Catholic missionary activity in China. At the time, there was fascination among European intellectuals with Chinese culture, Confucianism, and the Chinese language. Some even pr ...

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Chinese folk religion: Encyclopedia - Five Classics

The Five Classics (五經, Wǔjīng) is a corpus of five ancient Chinese books used by Confucianism as the basis of studies. According to tradition, they were compiled or edited by Confucius himself. The Classic of Changes or I Ching (易經 Yì Jīng), a manual of divination based on the eight trigrams attributed to the mythical emperor Fu Xi. (By Confucius' time these eight trigrams had been multiplied to sixty-four hexagrams.) The I Ching is still used by adherents of folk religion. The

Chinese folk religion: Encyclopedia - Taoism

Taoism (sometimes written as Daoism) is the English name for (a) the Chinese folk religion; (b) a family of organized Chinese religious movements such as the Zhengyi ("Orthodox One") or Quanzhen ("Complete Reality") sects, which collectively trace back to Zhang Daoling in the late Han dynasty; and/or (c) academic philosophies or belles lettres based on the texts Daodejing (a ...

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Taoism - History

Taoism - Deities

Taoism - Practices

Taoism - Scriptures

Read more here: » Taoism: Encyclopedia - Taoism

Chinese folk religion: Encyclopedia - Folk religion

Folk religion consists of beliefs, superstitions and cultural practices transmitted from generation to generation. It could be contrasted with the "organized religion" or "historical religion" in which founders, creed, theology and ecclesiastical organizations are present. The term is also applied to the blending of folk practices with those of major religions, so that folk practices amongst people in Christian countries are called Folk Christianity, in Islamic countries "Folk Islam", and so on. The term is also used, es ...

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Folk religion - Examples

Chinese folk religion: Encyclopedia - Major world religions

Major world religions have been distinguished from minor religions using a variety of methods, though any such division naturally reflects a particular bias, since many adherents of a religion are likely to consider their own faith "major". Two methods are mentioned in this article, number of adherents and the definitions used by classical scholars of religions. For a list of all religions, please see the article list of religions. For a discussion of the relationships between religions, see Religious pluralism Including:

Major world religions - Defined by population

Major world religions - Historic classic view

Chinese folk religion: Encyclopedia - Buddhism in Thailand

Buddhism in Thailand is largely of the Theravada school. As much as 94% of Thailand's population is Buddhist of the Theravada school, though Buddhism in this country has become integrated with folk beliefs such as ancestor worship as well as Chinese religions from the large Thai-Chinese population. Buddhist temples in Thailand are characterized by tall golden stupas, and the Buddhist architecture of Thailand is influenced heavily by the architecture of other Southeast Asian countries, particularly Cambodia and Laos, with which Thailan ...

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Buddhism in Thailand - Position of women

Chinese folk religion: Encyclopedia - Kukai

Kūkai (空海) or also known posthumously as Kōbō-Daishi (弘法大師) , 774–835 CE: Japanese monk, scholar, and artist, founder of the Shingon or "True Word" school of Buddhism. Kūkai is famous as a calligrapher (see Shodo), engineer and is said to have invented kana, the syllabary in which, in combination with Chinese characters (Kanji) the Japanese language is written. His religious writing, some 50 works, expound the esoteric Shingon doctrine, of which the major ones have been translated into English by Hakeda (see b ...

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Kukai - Biography

Kukai - Kukai's significance to Japanese culture

Read more here: » Kukai: Encyclopedia - Kukai

Chinese folk religion: Encyclopedia - Chinese in Singapore

The Chinese in Singapore are people of Chinese descent who are born in or immigrated to Singapore and has attained citizenship or permanent residence status. As of 2000 the Chinese constitute 76.8% of Singapore's population, or more than three million Chinese out of four million odd Singaporeans. Chinese in Singapore today commonly recognise themselves as Singaporeans rather than Chinese. Many Chinese too have married Peranakans (Chinese who have married ethnic Malays and have adopted a mix of Chinese and Malay culture) and inc ...

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Chinese in Singapore - Dialect Groups

Chinese in Singapore - Religion

Chinese in Singapore - History

Chinese folk religion: Encyclopedia - Ksitigarbha

Ksitigarbha, or Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva (地藏菩薩), often known in its Japanese name Jizō (地蔵) or Chinese name Dizang (地藏 Dìzàng), is a popular Mahayana Buddhist Bodhisattva, usually depicted as a monk. The name Jizo or Dizang may be translated as "Earth Treasury", "Earth Store", "Earth Matrix", or "Earth Womb." Statues of Ksitigarbha can be found throughout Japan, especially in cemeteries, since he is believed to be the protector of people condemned to Hell. He is also a ...

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Ksitigarbha - History

Ksitigarbha - As Sacred Girl

Ksitigarbha - Iconography

Ksitigarbha - Popular iconography in Japan

Ksitigarbha - Akasagarbha

Chinese folk religion: Encyclopedia - Christianity in China

Christianity in China has developed since at least the 7th century CE. The introduction of Nestorianism, a Christian sect, around 635 is considered by some to be the first entry of the Christian religion into China. Today, the population of Chinese Christians constitutes at least 3% of the general population, but Christian demographers in the West estimate the Christian population numbers 80 million to 100 million because they claim that there are many "underground houses" of worship.[1] [2] The Christian population in China comprises Protestants ...

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Christianity in China - History

Christianity in China - Modern Age

Christianity in China - Christianity in the contemporary PRC

Chinese folk religion: Encyclopedia - Chinese classic texts

China has a wealth of classical literature, both poetry and prose, dating from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC - 256 BC) and including the Chinese classics texts, or Chinese canonical texts. Some of them are attributed to Confucius but he might only be the editor of them. One of the aspects of the culture that allows its continuity is the importance given to those ancient texts, that shape the philosophies of the culture. Sì shū wǔ jīng (四書五經), the Four Books and the Five Classics, were mandated study of th ...

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Chinese classic texts - List of Chinese classic texts

Chinese folk religion: Encyclopedia - Chinese art

Life in the People's Republic of China Chinese art is art, whether modern or ancient, that originated in or is practiced in China or by Chinese artists or performers. Early so-called "stone age art" dates back to 10,000 BC, mostly consisting of simple pottery and sculptures. This early period was followed by a series of art dynasties, most of which lasted several hundred years. The art of Taiwan and that of Chinese Emigrants can also be considered part of Chinese art where it is based in or draws on the heritage of Chines ...

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Chinese art - Historical development to 221 BC

Chinese art - Early imperial China 221 BC–AD 220

Chinese art - Period of division 220–581

Chinese art - The Sui and Tang dynasties 581–960

Chinese art - The Song and Yuan dynasties 960–1368

Chinese art - Late imperial China 1368–1895

Chinese art - Modern Chinese art

Chinese art - Contemporary art since 1979

Chinese art - Unsorted

Chinese folk religion: Encyclopedia - Folklore

Folklore is the body of verbal expressive culture, including tales, legends, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs current among a particular population, comprising the oral tradition of that culture, subculture, or group. The academic and usually ethnographic study of folklore is known as folkloristics. Folklore - History. The concept of folklore developed as part of the 19th century ideology of romantic nationalism, leading to the reshaping of oral traditions to serve modern ideological goals; on ...

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Read more here: » Folklore: Encyclopedia - Folklore

Chinese folk religion: Encyclopedia - Western interpretations of Taoism

Western interpretations of Taoism covers the portrayal of Taoism in the Western academic and popular press. "Western" is here interpreted very broadly so as to include books marketed to, as well as written by, Westerners. Western interpretations of Taoism - Academic interpretations. By "academic" is here meant, works which would be normal to cite as authorities in referreed journal articles and books from university presses. Graham, A.C., Disputers of the Tao: Philosophical Argument in Anc ...

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Chinese folk religion: Encyclopedia II - Chinese in Singapore - Religion

According the 2000 census, 42.5% of Singapore's population declare themselves to be Buddhist, 8.5% Taoist, 14.6% Christian and 14.8% non-religious. The Chinese form the vast majorty in these four groups, due in part to their dominance in Singapore. The majorty of the Chinese in Singapore register themselves as Buddhist, and a smaller number claimed to be Taoist. Many Chinese have retained the belief of so called folk Buddhism or folk Taoism, an age-old Chinese tradition that combines Buddhist with Taoist beliefs, or vice-versa. Taoism ...

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Chinese folk religion

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