Chinese dialect

A Chinese clan (会馆, pinyin: Huìgǔan) is a patrilineal and patrilocal group of related Chinese people with a common surname and sharing a common ancestor and, in many cases, an ancestral village (see clan). Clan loyalties tend to be very strong in the south of China, and to a large extent are reinforced by ties to the ancestral village, common property, and often a common spoken Chinese dialect which can be unintelligible to people outside the village. Clan structures tend to be weaker in the north of China, clan members do not usually resid ...

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Toisanese originates from the Taishan region, where it is spoken. Often regarded as a single language, Toisanese can also be seen as a group of very closely related, mutually intelligible subdialects spoken by the various towns and villages in and around Seiyap (the four counties of Taishan, Enping, Kaiping, Xinhui). It is said that one can tell from what village or town a person is from based on his pronunciation of words and manner of speaking. Toisanese is one of the major languages of the Chinese diaspora. The Taishan region was a ...

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Taishan dialect, Taishan dialect - History of Toisanese, Taishan dialect - Relationship between Cantonese and Toisanese, Taishan dialect - Writing

Read more here: » Taishan dialect: Encyclopedia II - Taishan dialect - History of Toisanese

Population: 241,973,879 (July 2005 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 29.1% (male 35,823,456; female 34,590,631) 15-64 years: 65.7% (male 79,447,560; female 79,449,399) 65 years and over: 5.2% (male 5,526,389; female 7,136,444) (2005 est.) Population growth rate: 1.45% (2005 est.) Birth rate: 20.71 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) Death rate: 6.25 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) Net ...

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Demographics of Indonesia, Demographics of Indonesia - Population data, Demographics of Indonesia - Ethnic groups, Demographics of Indonesia - Religions, Demographics of Indonesia - Languages, Demographics of Indonesia - Literacy

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Phonetically, Taiwanese is a tonal language with extensive tone sandhi rules. Syllables consist maximally of an initial consonant, a vowel, a final consonant, and a tone; any or all of the consonants or vowels may be nasal. Taiwanese linguistics - Consonants. The consonants as represented in Pe̍h-oē-jī are listed below, followed by their pronunciation in IPA: Unlike many other varieties of Chinese such as Standard Mandarin or Standard C ...

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Taiwanese linguistics, Taiwanese linguistics - Classification, Taiwanese linguistics - Phonetics, Taiwanese linguistics - Consonants, Taiwanese linguistics - Vowels, Taiwanese linguistics - Tones, Taiwanese linguistics - Syllabic structure, Taiwanese linguistics - Tone sandhi, Taiwanese linguistics - Vocabulary, Taiwanese linguistics - Grammar, Taiwanese linguistics - Scripts and orthographies, Taiwanese linguistics - Han characters, Taiwanese linguistics - Pe̍h-oē-jī orthography in Latin characters, Taiwanese linguistics - Computing, Taiwanese linguistics - Sociolinguistics, Taiwanese linguistics - Regional variations, Taiwanese linguistics - Fluency, Taiwanese linguistics - Special literary and art forms, Taiwanese linguistics - Conceptualization and history, Taiwanese linguistics - Politics

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definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 87.9% male: 92.5% female: 83.4% (2005 est.) Education is not free albeit it is compulsory for children through grade 9. Although about 92% of eligible children are enrolled in primary school, a much smaller percentage attend full time. About 44% of secondary school-age children attend junior high school, and so ...

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Demographics of Indonesia, Demographics of Indonesia - Population data, Demographics of Indonesia - Ethnic groups, Demographics of Indonesia - Religions, Demographics of Indonesia - Languages, Demographics of Indonesia - Literacy

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Taiwanese is a variant of Min-nan which is spoken in Taiwan. Taiwanese is often seen as a Chinese dialect within a larger Chinese language. On the other hand, it may also be seen as a language in the Sino-Tibetan family. As with most "language or dialect?" distinctions, how one describes Taiwanese depends largely on one's political views (See Identification of the varieties of Chinese). In any case, the classification may be represented hierarchically as: Sino-Tibetan ⊃ ...

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Taiwanese linguistics, Taiwanese linguistics - Classification, Taiwanese linguistics - Phonetics, Taiwanese linguistics - Consonants, Taiwanese linguistics - Vowels, Taiwanese linguistics - Tones, Taiwanese linguistics - Syllabic structure, Taiwanese linguistics - Tone sandhi, Taiwanese linguistics - Vocabulary, Taiwanese linguistics - Grammar, Taiwanese linguistics - Scripts and orthographies, Taiwanese linguistics - Han characters, Taiwanese linguistics - Pe̍h-oē-jī orthography in Latin characters, Taiwanese linguistics - Computing, Taiwanese linguistics - Sociolinguistics, Taiwanese linguistics - Regional variations, Taiwanese linguistics - Fluency, Taiwanese linguistics - Special literary and art forms, Taiwanese linguistics - Conceptualization and history, Taiwanese linguistics - Politics

Read more here: » Taiwanese linguistics: Encyclopedia II - Taiwanese linguistics - Classification

Toisanese is often regarded as very similar to Cantonese, or merely heavily accented Cantonese. However, Toisanese and Cantonese are not necessarily mutually intelligible. Phonology is very similar to Cantonese, however, pronunciation and vocabulary differ, sometimes greatly. Due to the widespread use of Cantonese in mainstream and popular culture, most Toisanese / Taishan vernacular speakers will understand spoken Cantonese. Some may even regard their own language simply as a differently-accented version of Cantonese. The reverse is not nec ...

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Taishan dialect, Taishan dialect - History of Toisanese, Taishan dialect - Relationship between Cantonese and Toisanese, Taishan dialect - Writing

Read more here: » Taishan dialect: Encyclopedia II - Taishan dialect - Relationship between Cantonese and Toisanese

Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, regional languages, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese. English is the most widely spoken foreign language. Some Chinese dialect is also spoken. The public use of Chinese, especially Chinese characters, was discouraged between 1966 - 1998. ...

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Demographics of Indonesia, Demographics of Indonesia - Population data, Demographics of Indonesia - Ethnic groups, Demographics of Indonesia - Religions, Demographics of Indonesia - Languages, Demographics of Indonesia - Literacy

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There are over 300 ethnic groups in Indonesia. Many ethnic groups, particularly in Kalimantan and Papua, have only hundreds of members. Most of the local languages belong to Austronesian linguistic family, although a significant number, particularly in Papua, speak Papuan languages. In addition, there are roughly 5 million people of Chinese descent which speaks various Chinese dialects, most notably Cantonese and Min Nan. The population ranking of the ethnic groups in Indonesia (2000 census) is as follows: Javanese 41.7%, ...

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Demographics of Indonesia, Demographics of Indonesia - Population data, Demographics of Indonesia - Ethnic groups, Demographics of Indonesia - Religions, Demographics of Indonesia - Languages, Demographics of Indonesia - Literacy

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The grammar of Taiwanese is similar to southern Chinese languages such as Hakka and Cantonese. The sequence 'subject verb object' is typical as in (say) Mandarin, but 'subject object verb' or the passive voice (with the sequence 'object subject verb') is possible with particles. Take a simple sentence for example: "I hold you." The words involved are: goá ("I" or "me"), phō ("to hold"), lí ("you"). Subject verb object (typical sequence): The sentence in the typical sequence would be: Goá phō lí. ...

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Taiwanese linguistics, Taiwanese linguistics - Classification, Taiwanese linguistics - Phonetics, Taiwanese linguistics - Consonants, Taiwanese linguistics - Vowels, Taiwanese linguistics - Tones, Taiwanese linguistics - Syllabic structure, Taiwanese linguistics - Tone sandhi, Taiwanese linguistics - Vocabulary, Taiwanese linguistics - Grammar, Taiwanese linguistics - Scripts and orthographies, Taiwanese linguistics - Han characters, Taiwanese linguistics - Pe̍h-oē-jī orthography in Latin characters, Taiwanese linguistics - Computing, Taiwanese linguistics - Sociolinguistics, Taiwanese linguistics - Regional variations, Taiwanese linguistics - Fluency, Taiwanese linguistics - Special literary and art forms, Taiwanese linguistics - Conceptualization and history, Taiwanese linguistics - Politics

Read more here: » Taiwanese linguistics: Encyclopedia II - Taiwanese linguistics - Grammar

Taiwanese linguistics - Han characters. In most cases, Taiwanese speakers write using the script called Han characters as in Mandarin, although there are a number of special characters which are unique to Taiwanese and which are sometimes used in informal writing. Where Han characters are used, they are not always etymological or genetic; the borrowing of similar-sounding or similar-meaning characters is a common practice. Mandarin-Taiwanese bilingual speakers sometimes attempt to represent the sounds by adopting ...

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Taiwanese linguistics, Taiwanese linguistics - Classification, Taiwanese linguistics - Phonetics, Taiwanese linguistics - Consonants, Taiwanese linguistics - Vowels, Taiwanese linguistics - Tones, Taiwanese linguistics - Syllabic structure, Taiwanese linguistics - Tone sandhi, Taiwanese linguistics - Vocabulary, Taiwanese linguistics - Grammar, Taiwanese linguistics - Scripts and orthographies, Taiwanese linguistics - Han characters, Taiwanese linguistics - Pe̍h-oē-jī orthography in Latin characters, Taiwanese linguistics - Computing, Taiwanese linguistics - Sociolinguistics, Taiwanese linguistics - Regional variations, Taiwanese linguistics - Fluency, Taiwanese linguistics - Special literary and art forms, Taiwanese linguistics - Conceptualization and history, Taiwanese linguistics - Politics

Read more here: » Taiwanese linguistics: Encyclopedia II - Taiwanese linguistics - Scripts and orthographies

Modern linguistic studies (by Robert L. Cheng and Chin-An Li, for example) estimate that most (75 % to 90 %) Taiwanese words have cognates in other Chinese languages. False friends do exist; for example, cháu means "to run" in Taiwanese, whereas the Mandarin cognate, zǒu, means "to walk". Moreover, cognates may have different lexical categories; for example, the morpheme phīⁿ means not only "nose" (a noun, as in Mandarin bí ...

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Taiwanese linguistics, Taiwanese linguistics - Classification, Taiwanese linguistics - Phonetics, Taiwanese linguistics - Consonants, Taiwanese linguistics - Vowels, Taiwanese linguistics - Tones, Taiwanese linguistics - Syllabic structure, Taiwanese linguistics - Tone sandhi, Taiwanese linguistics - Vocabulary, Taiwanese linguistics - Grammar, Taiwanese linguistics - Scripts and orthographies, Taiwanese linguistics - Han characters, Taiwanese linguistics - Pe̍h-oē-jī orthography in Latin characters, Taiwanese linguistics - Computing, Taiwanese linguistics - Sociolinguistics, Taiwanese linguistics - Regional variations, Taiwanese linguistics - Fluency, Taiwanese linguistics - Special literary and art forms, Taiwanese linguistics - Conceptualization and history, Taiwanese linguistics - Politics

Read more here: » Taiwanese linguistics: Encyclopedia II - Taiwanese linguistics - Vocabulary

Muslim 88%, Protestant 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 2%, Buddhist 1%, other 1% (1998) Constitutional guarantees of religious freedom apply to the five religions recognized by the state, namely Islam (87%), Protestantism (6%), Catholicism (3%), Buddhism (2%), and Hinduism (1%). In some remote areas, animism is still practiced. ...

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Demographics of Indonesia, Demographics of Indonesia - Population data, Demographics of Indonesia - Ethnic groups, Demographics of Indonesia - Religions, Demographics of Indonesia - Languages, Demographics of Indonesia - Literacy

Read more here: » Demographics of Indonesia: Encyclopedia II - Demographics of Indonesia - Religions