China - Zhongguo. China is called Zhongguo in Mandarin Chinese (Simplified: 中国, Traditional: 中國; also romanized as Jhongguo or Chung-kuo), which is usually translated as "Middle Kingdom", but could also be translated as "Central State" or "Central Country". Zhong (中) means "middle" or "center" while guo (国 or 國) means "country," "kingdom," "state," or "land", referring to the claim that Chin ...

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China, China - Terminology, China - Zhongguo, China - China, China - History, China - Chinese Pre-history, China - Political history, China - Territory, China - Historical overview, China - Historical political divisions, China - Geography and climate, China - Economy, China - Society, China - Demographics, China - Culture, China - Religion, China - Arts scholarship and literature, China - Science and technology, China - Miscellaneous topics

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China, China - Terminology, China - Zhongguo, China - China, China - History, China - Chinese Pre-history, China - Political history, China - Territory, China - Historical overview, China - Historical political divisions, China - Geography and climate, China - Society, China - Demographics, China - Culture, China - Religion, China - Arts scholarship and literature, China - Science and technology, China - Miscellaneous topics

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In modern China, the term Zhongguo is used to refer to all of China, including China proper, Manchuria, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Tibet. By contrast, Han refers to the Han Chinese ethnic group, who are mostly concentrated in China proper, Manchuria, and only parts of the other three regions. There is no general Chinese term for just China proper, or just the territories inhabited by Han Chinese. Zhonghua is a more literary term used synonymously with Zhongguo; it appears in the official names of both th ...

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Names of China, Names of China - Sinitic names, Names of China - Zhongguo, Names of China - Zhonghua, Names of China - Han, Names of China - Tang, Names of China - Huaxia, Names of China - Tianxia, Names of China - Jiuzhou, Names of China - Chixian Shenzhou, Names of China - Sihai, Names of China - Other names, Names of China - Chin, Names of China - Sin, Names of China - Ser, Names of China - Cathay, Names of China - Tabgach, Names of China - Nikan, Names of China - Rgya nag, Names of China - Mangi

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China listen ▶ (help·info) (Traditional: 中國; Simplified: 中国; Hanyu Pinyin: Zhōngguó; Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo) refers to a number of states and cultures that have existed and are viewed as having succeeded one another in continental East Asia, dating back nearly 5,000 years. Modern China has been described as both a single civilization and multiple civilizations, as a single state or multiple states, ...

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China - Terminology
China - Zhongguo China - China
China - History China - Chinese Pre-history China - Political history China - Territory
China - Historical overview China - Historical political divisions China - Geography and climate
China - Society
China - Demographics China - Culture China - Religion China - Arts scholarship and literature China - Science and technology
China - Miscellaneous topics

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In modern China, the term Zhongguo is used to refer to all of China, including China proper, Manchuria, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Tibet. By contrast, Han refers to the Han Chinese ethnic group, who are mostly concentrated in China proper, Manchuria, and only parts of the other three regions. There is no general Chinese term for just China proper, or just the territories inhabited by Han Chinese. Zhonghua is a more literary term used synonymously with Zhongguo; it appears in the official names of both th ...

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Names of China, Names of China - Sinitic names, Names of China - Zhongguo, Names of China - Zhonghua, Names of China - Han, Names of China - Tang, Names of China - Huaxia, Names of China - Tianxia, Names of China - Jiuzhou, Names of China - Chixian Shenzhou, Names of China - Sihai, Names of China - Other names, Names of China - Chin, Names of China - Sin, Names of China - Ser, Names of China - Cathay, Names of China - Tabgach, Names of China - Nikan, Names of China - Rgya nag, Names of China - Mangi, Names of China - Official Names, Names of China - People's Republic of China, Names of China - Republic of China

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Names used in the rest of Asia, especially East and Southeast Asia, are usually derived directly from words in a language of China learned through the land-route. Those languages belonging to a former dependency (tributary) or Chinese-influenced country have a pronunciation especially similar pronunciation to that of Chinese. Those used in European languages, however, have indirect names that came via the sea-route and bear little resemblance to what is used in China. < ...

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Names of China, Names of China - Sinitic names, Names of China - Zhongguo, Names of China - Zhonghua, Names of China - Han, Names of China - Tang, Names of China - Huaxia, Names of China - Tianxia, Names of China - Jiuzhou, Names of China - Chixian Shenzhou, Names of China - Sihai, Names of China - Other names, Names of China - Chin, Names of China - Sin, Names of China - Ser, Names of China - Cathay, Names of China - Tabgach, Names of China - Nikan, Names of China - Rgya nag, Names of China - Mangi

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Names used in the rest of Asia, especially East and Southeast Asia, are usually derived directly from words in a language of China learned through the land-route. Those languages belonging to a former dependency (tributary) or Chinese-influenced country have a pronunciation especially similar pronunciation to that of Chinese. Those used in European languages, however, have indirect names that came via the sea-route and bear little resemblance to what is used in China. < ...

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Names of China, Names of China - Sinitic names, Names of China - Zhongguo, Names of China - Zhonghua, Names of China - Han, Names of China - Tang, Names of China - Huaxia, Names of China - Tianxia, Names of China - Jiuzhou, Names of China - Chixian Shenzhou, Names of China - Sihai, Names of China - Other names, Names of China - Chin, Names of China - Sin, Names of China - Ser, Names of China - Cathay, Names of China - Tabgach, Names of China - Nikan, Names of China - Rgya nag, Names of China - Mangi, Names of China - Official Names, Names of China - People's Republic of China, Names of China - Republic of China

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Names of China - People's Republic of China. The official name of the People's Republic of China in various languages and scripts. Simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国 (pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó) - Official language and script, used in Mainland China Traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國 (pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Jyutping: zung1 waa4 jan4 man4 gung6 wo4 gwok3) - Official in Hong Kong and Macau English: People's Republic of China - Official in ...

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Names of China, Names of China - Sinitic names, Names of China - Zhongguo, Names of China - Zhonghua, Names of China - Han, Names of China - Tang, Names of China - Huaxia, Names of China - Tianxia, Names of China - Jiuzhou, Names of China - Chixian Shenzhou, Names of China - Sihai, Names of China - Other names, Names of China - Chin, Names of China - Sin, Names of China - Ser, Names of China - Cathay, Names of China - Tabgach, Names of China - Nikan, Names of China - Rgya nag, Names of China - Mangi, Names of China - Official Names, Names of China - People's Republic of China, Names of China - Republic of China

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However, the term Zhongguo Yuwen is sometimes used to be synonymous with "Chinese language". To clarify, one can use Zhongguo de Yuwen (中国的语文), which unambiguously means "China's (several) languages". The following are the spoken and written languages (they are not in one-to-one correspondence) used by the modern citizens of China. ...

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Languages of China, Languages of China - Historical languages, Languages of China - Terminology, Languages of China - Spoken, Languages of China - Written, Languages of China - Political controversies

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Huang (yellow) is a common surname, but does not refer to the East Asian race as was popular in Western languages until recently. However, the Yellow Emperor was a legendary founder of China. Yellow is also identified with the "center" cardinal direction, while China is known as Zhongguo "middle country". Hua (華), one of the most common terms for "Chinese", literally means "multicolored", "flowery", or "splendid". White (白 bai) means "plain" or "free of charge" in many common expressions and was not traditiona ...

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Color metaphors for race, Color metaphors for race - Western classifications, Color metaphors for race - Russia, Color metaphors for race - India, Color metaphors for race - China, Color metaphors for race - Central Asia, Color metaphors for race - Notes and references

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Nowadays, the most common use of the term kung fu is when referring to Chinese martial arts in general. Thus, when someone says they study kung fu, they likely mean they study one of the many styles of Chinese martial arts. (An alternative term might be "Zhongguo wushu" (中國武術, literally China martial art)). The original meaning of kung fu is quite different, and is hard to translate as there is no English equivalent. In short, 功夫 (gōngfu) means "achievement through great effort" or simply virtue. It combines ...

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Kung fu term, Kung fu term - History, Kung fu term - Spelling, Kung fu term - Translation and usage, Kung fu term - Terms for Chinese Martial Arts, Kung fu term - Philosophy

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China - Zhongguo. China is called Zhongguo in Mandarin Chinese (Simplified: 中国, Traditional: 中國; also romanized as Jhongguo or Chung-kuo), which is usually translated as "Middle Kingdom", but could also be translated as "Central State" or "Central Country". Zhong (中) means "middle" or "center" while guo (国 or 國) means "country," "kingdom," "state," or "land", referring to the claim that Chin ...

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China, China - Terminology, China - Zhongguo, China - China, China - History, China - Chinese Pre-history, China - Political history, China - Territory, China - Historical overview, China - Historical political divisions, China - Geography and climate, China - Society, China - Demographics, China - Culture, China - Religion, China - Arts scholarship and literature, China - Science and technology, China - Miscellaneous topics

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Before unification by the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC, "China" did not exist as a coherent entity. The Chinese civilization consisted of a patchwork of several states, each ruled by a king (王), duke (公), marquess (侯), or earl (伯). Although there was a central king who held nominal power, and powerful hegemons sometimes held considerable influence, each state was ruled as an independent political entity. This is also the time of the beginnings of Confuci ...

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China, China - Terminology, China - Zhongguo, China - China, China - History, China - Chinese Pre-history, China - Political history, China - Territory, China - Historical overview, China - Historical political divisions, China - Geography and climate, China - Economy, China - Society, China - Demographics, China - Culture, China - Religion, China - Arts scholarship and literature, China - Science and technology, China - Miscellaneous topics

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China - Historical overview. The Zhou Dynasty, which preceded the unification of China by Shi Huangdi, was originally the region around the Yellow River. Since then, the territory has expanded outward in all directions, and was largest during the Tang, Yuan, and Qing dynasties. The Qing Dynasty included parts of modern Russian Far East and Central Asia (west of Xinjiang). Along with provincial administrators, some foreign monarchs sent envoys to offer gifts to the Emperor of China and the Emperor returned ...

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China, China - Terminology, China - Zhongguo, China - China, China - History, China - Chinese Pre-history, China - Political history, China - Territory, China - Historical overview, China - Historical political divisions, China - Geography and climate, China - Economy, China - Society, China - Demographics, China - Culture, China - Religion, China - Arts scholarship and literature, China - Science and technology, China - Miscellaneous topics

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China - Demographics. Main article: Ethnic groups in Chinese history Over a hundred ethnic groups have existed in China. In terms of numbers, however, the pre-eminent ethnic group in China is the Han, which is a group so diverse in its culture and language that some conceive of it as a larger overarching group bringing together many smaller, distinct ethnic groups sharing common traits in language and culture. Throughout history, many ethnic groups have been assimilated into neighbourin ...

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China, China - Terminology, China - Zhongguo, China - China, China - History, China - Chinese Pre-history, China - Political history, China - Territory, China - Historical overview, China - Historical political divisions, China - Geography and climate, China - Economy, China - Society, China - Demographics, China - Culture, China - Religion, China - Arts scholarship and literature, China - Science and technology, China - Miscellaneous topics

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China was one of the earliest centers of human civilization. Chinese civilization was also one of the few to invent writing independently, the others being ancient Mesopotamia (Sumerians), India (Indus Valley Civilization), and, some hold, Ancient Egypt—though it may have been learned from the Sumerians. The first dynasty according to Chinese historical sources was the Xia Dynasty. Until scientific excavations were made at early bronze-age sites at Erlitou in Henan Province, it was difficult to separate myth from reality in r ...

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China, China - Terminology, China - Zhongguo, China - China, China - History, China - Chinese Pre-history, China - Political history, China - Territory, China - Historical overview, China - Historical political divisions, China - Geography and climate, China - Economy, China - Society, China - Demographics, China - Culture, China - Religion, China - Arts scholarship and literature, China - Science and technology, China - Miscellaneous topics

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Archeological evidence suggests that the earliest occupants in China date as long as 2.24 million to 250,000 years ago by an ancient human relative (hominin) known as Homo erectus. One particular cave in Zhoukoudian (now known as Peking) has fossilised evidence dating to 300,000 and 550,000 years old. Evidence of primitive stone tool technology and animal bones in association to H. erectus have been studied since the late 18th century to 19th century in various areas of Eastern Asia including Indonesia (in particular the Island of Java) and ...

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China, China - Terminology, China - Zhongguo, China - China, China - History, China - Chinese Pre-history, China - Political history, China - Territory, China - Historical overview, China - Historical political divisions, China - Geography and climate, China - Economy, China - Society, China - Demographics, China - Culture, China - Religion, China - Arts scholarship and literature, China - Science and technology, China - Miscellaneous topics

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China - Demographics. Over a hundred ethnic groups have existed in China. In terms of numbers, however, the pre-eminent ethnic group in China is the Han, which is a group so diverse in its culture and language that some conceive of it as a larger overarching group bringing together many smaller, distinct ethnic groups sharing common traits in language and culture. Throughout history, many ethnic groups have been assimilated into neighbouring ethnicities or disappeared without a trace. Several previously distinct ...

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China, China - Terminology, China - Zhongguo, China - China, China - History, China - Chinese Pre-history, China - Political history, China - Territory, China - Historical overview, China - Historical political divisions, China - Geography and climate, China - Society, China - Demographics, China - Culture, China - Religion, China - Arts scholarship and literature, China - Science and technology, China - Miscellaneous topics

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China - Historical overview. The Zhou Dynasty, which preceded the unification of China by Shi Huangdi, was originally the region around the Yellow River. Since then, the territory has expanded outward in all directions, and was largest during the Tang, Yuan, and Qing dynasties. The Qing Dynasty included parts of modern Russian Far East and Central Asia (west of Xinjiang). Along with provincial administrators, some foreign monarchs sent envoys to offer gifts to the Emperor of China and the Emperor returned ...

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China, China - Terminology, China - Zhongguo, China - China, China - History, China - Chinese Pre-history, China - Political history, China - Territory, China - Historical overview, China - Historical political divisions, China - Geography and climate, China - Society, China - Demographics, China - Culture, China - Religion, China - Arts scholarship and literature, China - Science and technology, China - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » China: Encyclopedia II - China - Territory

Before unification by the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC, "China" did not exist as a coherent entity. The Chinese civilization consisted of a patchwork of several states, each ruled by a king (王), duke (公), marquess (侯), or earl (伯). Although there was a central king who held nominal power, and powerful hegemons sometimes held considerable influence, each state was ruled as an independent political entity. This is also the time of the beginnings of Confucian philosophy and that of many other philosophies that greatly influ ...

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China, China - Terminology, China - Zhongguo, China - China, China - History, China - Chinese Pre-history, China - Political history, China - Territory, China - Historical overview, China - Historical political divisions, China - Geography and climate, China - Society, China - Demographics, China - Culture, China - Religion, China - Arts scholarship and literature, China - Science and technology, China - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » China: Encyclopedia II - China - Political history