A child (plural: children) is a young human. Depending on context it may mean someone who is not yet an adult, or someone who has not yet reached puberty (someone who is prepubescent). Child is also a counterpart of parent: adults are the children of their parents despite their maturation beyond infancy; for example "Benjamin, aged 46, is the child of Tobias, aged 73". Similarly in a generalized sense, see child node. Child - Gender. A female child is called a girl ...

Including:

• Child - Gender
• Child - Development
• Child - Cognitive development
• Child - Notable child prodigies
• Child - Human development

Read more here: » Child: Encyclopedia - Child

See also:

Child, Child - Gender, Child - Development, Child - Cognitive development, Child - Notable child prodigies, Child - Human development

Read more here: » Child: Encyclopedia II - Child - Development

Piaget was born in Neuchâtel in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. His father, Arthur, was a professor of medieval literature at the University of Neuchâtel. He was a precocious child and developed an interest in biology, particularly of molluscs, to the point of publishing a number of papers before he graduated from high school. His long scientific career began in 1907 at the age of ten with the publication of a short paper on the albino sparrow. Over the next seven decades he wrote more than ...

See also:

Jean Piaget, Jean Piaget - Early life, Jean Piaget - The stages of cognitive development, Jean Piaget - Piaget's view of the child's mind, Jean Piaget - Influence, Jean Piaget - Major works and achievements, Jean Piaget - Major works, Jean Piaget - Appointments

Read more here: » Jean Piaget: Encyclopedia II - Jean Piaget - Early life

The theory of cognitive development is a developmental psychology theory developed by Jean Piaget to explain cognitive development. The theory is central to child psychology and is based on schemata—schemes of how one perceives the world—in "critical periods," times when children are particularly susceptible to certain information. For his development of the theory, Piaget was awarded the Erasmus Prize. Piaget divided schemes that childen use to understand the world through four main stages, roughly correlated with and beca ...

Including:

• Theory of cognitive development - Sensorimotor stage
• Theory of cognitive development - Preoperational stage
• Theory of cognitive development - Concrete Operational stage
• Theory of cognitive development - Formal Operational stage
• Theory of cognitive development - General Information regarding the stages

Read more here: » Theory of cognitive development: Encyclopedia - Theory of cognitive development

The term cognition (Latin, cogito: to think) is used in several different loosely related ways. In psychology it is used to refer to the mental processes of an individual, with particular relation to a view that argues that the mind has internal mental states (such as beliefs, desires and intentions) and can be understood in terms of information processing, especially when a lot of abstraction or concretization is involved, or processes such as involving knowledge, expertise or learning for example are at work. It is also used ...

Including:

• Cognition - Cognition in mainstream psychology
• Cognition - Influence and influences
• Cognition - Cognitive ontology
• Cognition - Cognition as compression
• Cognition - Cognition as a social process
• Cognition - Cognition in a cultural context
• Cognition - Example of emergent organization
• Cognition - Summary
• Cognition - Related fields

Read more here: » Cognition: Encyclopedia - Cognition

Developmental psychology is the scientific study of progressive psychological changes that occur in human beings as they age. Originally concerned with infants and children, and later other periods of great change such as adolescence and aging, it now encompases the entire life span. This field examines change across a broad range of topics including: motor skills and other psycho-physiological processes, problem solving abilities, conceptual understanding, acquis ...

Including:

• Developmental psychology - Theory
• Developmental psychology - Role of experience
• Developmental psychology - Mechanisms of development
• Developmental psychology - Aspects of development
• Developmental psychology - Cognitive development
• Developmental psychology - Social development
• Developmental psychology - Research methods
• Developmental psychology - Related pages

Read more here: » Developmental psychology: Encyclopedia - Developmental psychology

Attachment disorder is based on the psychological theories that 1) normal mother-child attachment forms in the first two years of life and 2) if a normal attachment is not formed during the first two to three years, attachment can be induced later. This theory is used, for example, to explain the behavioral difficulties of adopted children. Attachment theory was developed by John Bowlby in the 1940s and 1950s and is the leading theory used in the fields of Infant Mental Health, Child Development, and related fields. (For example, see ...

Including:

• Attachment disorder - External references

Read more here: » Attachment disorder: Encyclopedia - Attachment disorder

Psychology (ancient Greek: psyche = "soul" or "mind", logos/-ology = "study of") is an academic and applied field involving the study of mind and behavior. "Psychology" also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including problems of individuals' daily lives and the treatment of mental illness. Psychology differs from sociology, anthropology, economics, and political science in part because it involves studying the mental processes and behavior of individuals (alone or i ...

Including:

• Psychology - History
• Psychology - Principles of psychology
• Psychology - Mind and brain
• Psychology - Schools of thought
• Psychology - Scope of psychology
• Psychology - Biological basis: the brain
• Psychology - Information processing: the mind
• Psychology - Change over time: development
• Psychology - Interaction with others
• Psychology - Study of animals in psychology
• Psychology - Mental health
• Psychology - Applied psychology
• Psychology - Research methods
• Psychology - Controlled experiments
• Psychology - Correlational studies
• Psychology - Longitudinal studies
• Psychology - Neuropsychological methods
• Psychology - Computational modeling
• Psychology - Criticisms of psychology

Read more here: » Psychology: Encyclopedia - Psychology

The term child sexual abuse (CSA) denotes sex between prepubescent minors and adults. A perpetrator of child sexual abuse is known as a child sex offender. Most child sex offenders are male; the number of female offenders is usually reported to be between 10% and 20%, although in some studies it was found to be as high as 70%. It has a special status among forms of abuse, because it includes not only a) what is considered sexual abuse between adults, but also b) all forms ...

Including:

• Child sexual abuse - List of activities considered CSA
• Child sexual abuse - Effects of sexual abuse on children
• Child sexual abuse - Offenders
• Child sexual abuse - Typology
• Child sexual abuse - Categorization
• Child sexual abuse - Variation in cultural practices norms and research findings
• Child sexual abuse - Epidemiology
• Child sexual abuse - Sexual abuse consent minors age gap and culture
• Child sexual abuse - Definition based on moral objection; relativity

Read more here: » Child sexual abuse: Encyclopedia - Child sexual abuse

Art therapy is a type of psychotherapy that uses art-making and creativity to increase emotional well-being. Art therapy combines traditional psychotherapeutic theories and techniques with specialized knowledge about the psychological aspects of the creative process, especially the affective properties of different art materials. As a mental health profession, art therapy is employed in many different clinical settings with many different types of patients. Art therapy is present in non-clinical settings as well, such as in art studios a ...

Including:

• Art therapy - History
• Art therapy - Theories and Techniques
• Art therapy - Art Therapy Assessments and Research
• Art therapy - Clinical Settings and Patient Populations
• Art therapy - Non-Clinical Settings
• Art therapy - Professional Organizations

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Brain damage or brain injury is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. Brain damage may occur due to a wide range of conditions, illnesses, or injuries. Possible causes of widespread (diffuse) brain damage include prolonged hypoxia (shortage of oxygen), poisoning, infection, and neurological illness. Common causes of focal or localized brain damage are physical trauma (traumatic brain injury), stroke, aneurysm, or neurological illness. The extent and effect of brain injury is often assessed by the use of neurological examinatio ...

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Washoe is a chimpanzee, currently living at the Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute (CHCI) at Central Washington University in Ellensburg, Washington. She was the first non-human to acquire at least some elements of American Sign Language (ASL), as part of a controversial research experiment into animal intelligence. She was named for Washoe County, Nevada, where she was raised and taught to use ASL. In 1967, Allen and Beatrice Gardner established a project to teach Washoe ASL at the University of Nevada, Reno. Previou ...

Read more here: » Washoe chimpanzee: Encyclopedia - Washoe chimpanzee

Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, attitudes, or values, through study, experience, or teaching, that causes a change of behavior that is persistent, measurable, and specified or allows an individual to formulate a new mental construct or revise a prior mental construct (conceptual knowledge such as attitudes or values). It is a process that depends on experience and leads to long-term changes in behavior potential. Behavior potential describes the possible behavior of an individual (not actual behavior) in a give ...

Including:

• Learning - Learning - Neuroscience
• Learning - Basic learning processes
• Learning - Learning by example
• Learning - Learning by teaching
• Learning - Formal learning methods
• Learning - Learning by worked examples
• Learning - Learning which alternative methods exist
• Learning - Learning which shortcuts exist to solve specific problems
• Learning - Other dimensions of learning

Read more here: » Learning: Encyclopedia - Learning

A child prodigy, or simply prodigy, is someone who is a master of one or more skills or arts at an early age. One generally accepted heuristic for identifying prodigies is the following: a prodigy is someone who, by the age of roughly 11, displays expert proficiency or a profound grasp of the fundamentals in a field usually only undertaken by adults. The term wunderkind (from German: Wunder, wonder/miracle + Kind, child, kid) is sometimes used as a synonym for prodigy, particularly in media ac ...

Including:

• Child prodigy - Cognitive studies on child prodigies
• Child prodigy - Adjustment into adulthood
• Child prodigy - In fiction
• Child prodigy - Sources and links

Read more here: » Child prodigy: Encyclopedia - Child prodigy

While the term "animal languages" is widely used, most researchers agree that they are not as complex or expressive as the human language. They argue that there are significant differences separating human language from animal communication even at its most complex, and that the underlying principles are not related. Other researchers argue that an evolutionary continuum exists between the communication methods these animals use and human language. There is a general consensus that human language is more complex than communication between animals. For more on communication among no ...

Including:

• Animal language - Literature

Read more here: » Animal language: Encyclopedia - Animal language

Doubt is uncertainty in the context of trust (where it takes the form of distrust), action, decision or belief. It implies challenging some notion of reality in effect, and may involve hesitating to take a relevant action due to concern that one might be mistaken or at fault. According to some spiritual and ethical traditions, it is a form of fear. A doubtful internal disposition, according to many ethical frameworks, leads to the 'poisoning' of one's realit ...

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In multiple observations, some dating back to antiquity, language acquisition in human children, fails to emerge unless the children are exposed to language. Thus 'language acquisition' is an example of an 'emergent behavior', which in fact requires a narrow, yet evolutionarily reliably occurring, set of inputs. In this case, the individual is made up of a set of mechanisms 'expecting' such input form the social world. In education, for instance, which has the explicit task in society of developing child cognition, choices are made re ...

See also:

Cognition, Cognition - Cognition in mainstream psychology, Cognition - Influence and influences, Cognition - Cognitive ontology, Cognition - Cognition as compression, Cognition - Cognition as a social process, Cognition - Cognition in a cultural context, Cognition - Example of emergent organization, Cognition - Summary, Cognition - Related fields

Read more here: » Cognition: Encyclopedia II - Cognition - Cognition as a social process

The concrete operational stage is the third of four stages of cognitive development in Piaget's theory. This stage, which follows the Preoperational stage and occurs from the ages of 7 to 12, is characterized by the appropriate use of logic. Important processes during this stage are: Decentering - where the child takes into account multiple aspects of a problem to solve it. For example, the child will no longer perceive an exce ...

See also:

Theory of cognitive development, Theory of cognitive development - Sensorimotor stage, Theory of cognitive development - Preoperational stage, Theory of cognitive development - Concrete Operational stage, Theory of cognitive development - Formal Operational stage, Theory of cognitive development - General Information regarding the stages

Read more here: » Theory of cognitive development: Encyclopedia II - Theory of cognitive development - Concrete Operational stage

Facilities that offer full-day children's programs are often called child care centers. The focus of most of these centers is to provide a safe and secure environment where children can gain the education and experience they will need to build a strong foundation for years to come. The care is designed to meet the child's basic nutrition, health, and safety needs. The curriculum emphasizes the whole child including his or her social, emotional, cognitive, and physical needs. Most child care centers open early in the morning (as early as 6:00 ...

See also:

Early childhood education, Early childhood education - What is Early Childhood Education?, Early childhood education - Child development, Early childhood education - Job Possibilities, Early childhood education - Child care centers, Early childhood education - Education, Early childhood education - Pedagogy, Early childhood education - Important Early Childhood Education Resources, Early childhood education - Links

Read more here: » Early childhood education: Encyclopedia II - Early childhood education - Child care centers

Facilities that offer full-day children's programs are often called child care centers. The focus of most of these centers is to provide a safe and secure environment where children can gain the education and experience they will need to build a strong foundation for years to come. The care is designed to meet the child's basic nutrition, health, and safety needs. The curriculum emphasizes the whole child including his or her social, emotional, cognitive, and physical needs. Most child care centers open early in the morning (as early as 6:00 ...

See also:

Early childhood education, Early childhood education - What is Early Childhood Education?, Early childhood education - Child development, Early childhood education - Job Possibilities, Early childhood education - Child care centers, Early childhood education - Education, Early childhood education - Pedagogy, Early childhood education - Important Early Childhood Education Resources

Read more here: » Early childhood education: Encyclopedia II - Early childhood education - Child care centers