Encyclopedia - Chemistry: Encyclopedia - Chemistry
Chemistry (derived from the Arabic word kimia, alchemy, where al is Arabic for the) is the science of matter that deals with the composit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemistry - Subdisciplines Of Chemistry
Chemistry typically is divided into several major sub-disciplines. There are also several main cross-disciplinary and more specialized fi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemistry - Subdisciplines Of Chemistry
Chemistry typically is divided into several major sub-disciplines. There are also several main cross-disciplinary and more specialized fi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cracking Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Cracking Chemistry - Chemistry
"Cracking" breaks larger molecules into smaller ones. This can be done with a thermic or catalytic method. The thermal cracking process f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carisoprodol: Encyclopedia Ii - Carisoprodol - Chemistry
It is a carbamic acid ester. Carisoprodol is a racemic mixture of two stereoisomers. ... See also:Carisoprodol, Carisoprodol - Chemist...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Disaccharide: Encyclopedia Ii - Disaccharide - Chemistry
The two monosaccharides are bonded via a condensation reaction. This bond can be between the 1, 4 or 6 carbon on each component monosacch...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dimer: Encyclopedia Ii - Dimer - Chemistry
In chemistry, a dimer refers to a molecule composed of two similar subunits or monomers linked together. It is a special case of a polyme...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Precursor: Encyclopedia Ii - Precursor - Chemistry
Chemically, a precursor is a substance that, following a reaction, becomes an intrinsic part of a product chemical. This is often heard w...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Leakage: Encyclopedia Ii - Leakage - Chemistry
In chemistry, leakage is a process in which material is lost, intentionally or accidentally, gradually through the holes or defects of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amyl: Encyclopedia Ii - Amyl - Chemistry
In organic chemistry, amyl is the old trivial name for the radical called pentyl under the IUPAC nomenclature: that is, -C5H11. This usag...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anodising: Encyclopedia Ii - Anodising - Chemistry
Aluminum naturally forms a passive oxide layer when exposed to the atmosphere which provides moderate protection against corrosion. The l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Infix: Encyclopedia Ii - Infix - Chemistry
In chemistry, infixes are used to describe molecular structure in IUPAC nomenclature. Chemical nomenclature includes the minuscule infixe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anodising: Encyclopedia Ii - Anodising - Chemistry
Aluminum, when exposed to the atmosphere, forms a passive oxide layer, which provides moderate protection against corrosion. This layer i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thiol: Encyclopedia Ii - Thiol - Chemistry
The thiol group is the sulfur analog of the hydroxyl group (-OH) found in alcohols. Since sulfur and oxygen belong to the same periodic t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coupling: Encyclopedia Ii - Coupling - Chemistry
See also. List of object-oriented programming terms Portland Pattern Repository's Wiki page on coupling and cohesion ... See also:C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ethane: Encyclopedia Ii - Ethane - Chemistry
In the laboratory, ethane may be conveniently prepared by Koble electrolyis. In this technique, an aqueous solution of an acetate salt is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Saccharin: Encyclopedia Ii - Saccharin - Chemistry
The image above shows the chemical structure of saccharin as its sodium salt, which has the chemical formula C7H4NNaO3S · 2H2O. Sacchari...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemistry - Introduction
The fundamental component of chemistry is that it involves matter in some way (this explains its broad reach). It may involve the interac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemistry - Fundamental Concepts
Nomenclature Main article: IUPAC nomenclature Nomenclature refers to the system for naming chemical compounds. There are well-defined sys...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Conversion Chemistry: Encyclopedia - Conversion Chemistry
In chemistry, the phrase conversion has several meanings a chemical reaction, the conversion of molecule A to molecule B relative yield,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cohesion Chemistry: Encyclopedia - Cohesion Chemistry
Cohesion or cohesive attraction or cohesive force in chemistry is the intermolecular attraction between like-molecules. Cohesion explains...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Atmospheric Chemistry: Encyclopedia - Atmospheric Chemistry
Atmospheric chemistry is a branch of atmospheric science in which the chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere and that of other planets is st...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemistry Resources: Encyclopedia - Chemistry Resources
Chemistry resources is a collection of links and references that are useful for chemistry-related work. This includes free online chemic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cracking Chemistry: Encyclopedia - Cracking Chemistry
In petroleum geology and chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules (e.g. kerogens or heavy hydrocarbons) are c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bromide Chemistry: Encyclopedia - Bromide Chemistry
Bromide chemistry - Definition. A bromide ion is an bromine atom with charge -1. Compounds with bromine in formal oxidation state -1 ar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inorganic Chemistry: Encyclopedia - Inorganic Chemistry
Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds. This includes all chem...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yield Chemistry: Encyclopedia - Yield Chemistry
Yield in chemistry, also known as chemical yield and reaction yield, is the amount of product obtained in a chemical reaction. The absolu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Absorption Chemistry: Encyclopedia - Absorption Chemistry
Absorption, in chemistry, is a physical or chemical phenomenon or a process in which atoms, molecules, or ions enter some bulk phase - ga...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Complex Chemistry: Encyclopedia - Complex Chemistry
A complex in chemistry is a reversible association of molecules, atoms, or ions through weak non-covalent chemical bonds. Simple salts ar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Computational Chemistry: Encyclopedia - Computational Chemistry
Computational chemistry is a branch of theoretical chemistry whose major goals are to create efficient mathematical approximations and co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Base Chemistry: Encyclopedia - Base Chemistry
Acid-base reaction theories pH Self-ionization of water Buffer solutions Systematic naming Redox reactions Electrochemistry Acids: Stron...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Analytical Chemistry: Encyclopedia - Analytical Chemistry
Analytical chemistry is the analysis of material samples to gain an understanding of their chemical composition and structure. Analytical...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Unsolved Problems In Chemistry: Encyclopedia - Unsolved Problems In Chemistry
Unsolved problems in chemistry tend to be ("can we make X compound") are solved rather quickly, but here are some persistent questions wi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Valence Chemistry: Encyclopedia - Valence Chemistry
In chemistry, valence is the power of an atom of an element to combine with other atoms measured by the number of electrons which an atom...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chirality Chemistry: Encyclopedia - Chirality Chemistry
In chemistry, a molecule is chiral if it is not superimposable on its mirror image regardless of how it is turned in space or reshaped by...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Basis Set Chemistry: Encyclopedia - Basis Set Chemistry
In modern computational chemistry, quantum chemical calculations are typically performed within a finite set of basis functions. In these...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Critical Point Chemistry: Encyclopedia - Critical Point Chemistry
In chemistry and condensed matter physics, a critical point, also called a critical state, specifies the conditions (temperature, pressur...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Chemistry: Spiritual - Theosophy Dictionary On Chemistry
Chemistry (from Greek chemeia)   An ancient art or science relating to the extraction of medicinal juices from plants, or of meta...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Radical Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Radical Chemistry - The Chemistry Of Radicals
Radical chemistry - Terminology. In chemistry free radicals take part in radical addition and radical substitution as reactive intermed...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Chemistry - Quantum Chemistry
Some view the birth of quantum chemistry in the discovery of the Schrödinger equation and its application to hydrogen atom in 1926. Howe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Chemistry - Quantum Chemistry
Some view the birth of quantum chemistry in the discovery of the Schrödinger equation and its application to hydrogen atom in 1926. Howe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heathen Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Heathen Chemistry - Charts
Album - Billboard (North America) Singles - Billboard (North America) ... See also:Heathen Chemistry, Heathen Chemistry - Track listing...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Chemistry - Inorganic Chemistry
List of publications in chemistry - Chemical Applications of Group Theory. F. Albert Cotton Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated, 3rd ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Atmospheric Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Atmospheric Chemistry - History
The ancient Greeks regarded air as one of the four elements, but the first scientific studies of atmospheric composition began in the 18t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cracking Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Cracking Chemistry - History
The first thermal cracking method, the Burton process, was invented by William M. Burton; the oil industry first using it to produce gaso...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Chemistry - Nuclear Chemistry
List of publications in chemistry - Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry. Choppin, Liljenenzin and Rydberg ISBN 0750674636, Butterwort...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cracking Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Cracking Chemistry - Applications
In an oil refinery cracking processes allow the production of "light" products (such as LPG and gasoline) from heavier crude oil distilla...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cracking Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Cracking Chemistry - History
In 1855, petroleum cracking methods were pioneered by Chemistry Professor Benjamin Silliman, Jr., of Yale University (then Sheffield Scie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Chemistry - Medicinal Chemistry
List of publications in chemistry - The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry. Camille Georges Wermuth editor Academic Press, 1996, ISBN 012...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Chemistry - Polymer Chemistry
List of publications in chemistry - Biomacromolecules. http://pubs.acs.org/journals/bomaf6/index.html List of publications in chemis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry
List of publications in chemistry - Quantitative Analysis. Day, R. A. and Arthur L. Underwood Prentice Hall, 6th Edition, 1991, ISBN 0...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Environmental Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Environmental Chemistry - Terminology
Environmental chemists use a particular set of terms that help them describe what is happening to a chemical species in the environment. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Chemistry - Physical Chemistry
List of publications in chemistry - Introduction to Quantum Mechanics with Applications to Chemistry. Linus Pauling, E Bright Wilson N...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Chemistry - Organic Chemistry
List of publications in chemistry - March's Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions Mechanisms and Structure. Michael B. Smith, Jerry Ma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Combinatorial Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Combinatorial Chemistry - Introduction
Synthesis of molecules in a combinatorial fashion can quickly lead to large numbers of molecules. For example, a molecule with three poin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Clandestine Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Clandestine Chemistry - Modern
Clandestine chemistry does not limit itself only to drugs, it is also associated with explosives, and other illegal chemicals. Nitroglyce...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Clandestine Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Clandestine Chemistry - History
Ancient forms of clandestine chemistry included the manufacturing of poisons. Another old form of clandestine chemistry is the illegal br...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Clandestine Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Clandestine Chemistry - Amphetamines
Clandestine chemistry made its mark in the late 1960s when amphetamines became illegal. Biker gangs including the Hell's Angels took cont...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bromide Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Bromide Chemistry - Definition
A bromide ion is an bromine atom with charge -1. Compounds with bromine in formal oxidation state -1 are called bromides. This can includ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Computational Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Computational Chemistry - Introduction
The term theoretical chemistry may be defined as a mathematical description of chemistry, whereas computational chemistry is usually used...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Chemistry - The Modern Definition Of Chemistry
Classically, before the 20th century, chemistry was defined as the science of the nature of matter and its transformations. It was theref...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Chemistry - Foundations
List of publications in chemistry - Méthode de Nomenclature Chimique. Guyton de Morveau, L. B.; Lavoisier, A. L.; Berthollet, C. L.; ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heathen Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Heathen Chemistry - Track Listing
Heathen Chemistry - Band. Heathen Chemistry - Additional instruments. ... See also:Heathen Chemistry, Heathen Chemistry - Track lis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Analytical Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Analytical Chemistry - Types
Analytical chemistry can be split into two main types, qualitative and quantitative: Qualitative inorganic analysis seeks to establish t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Chemistry - Biochemistry
List of publications in chemistry - A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid. Watson and Crick Nature 171, 737-738 (1953) © Macmillan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Analytical Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Analytical Chemistry - Trends
Analytical chemistry research is largely driven by performance (sensitivity, selectivity, robustness, linear range, accuracy, precission,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Chemistry - Electrochemistry
List of publications in chemistry - Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications. Allen J. Bard, Larry R. Faulkner ISBN 0471...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemistry Band: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemistry Band - Discography
Chemistry band - Singles. 'PIECES OF A DREAM' (7 March 2001) 'Point of No Return' (6 June 2001) 'You Go Your Way' (11 October 2001) 'å...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dissociation Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Dissociation Chemistry - Dissociation Constant
For reversible dissociations in a chemical equilibrium AB <=> A + B the dissociation constant Kd is the ratio of dissociated to u...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Publications In Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Publications In Chemistry - Pharmacology
subclass, Psychopharmacology List of publications in chemistry - Phenethylamines I Have Known And Loved: A Chemical Love Story Pihkal: ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Analytical Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Analytical Chemistry - Methods
Analytical methods rely on scrupulous attention to cleanliness, sample preparation, accuracy and precision. Many practitioners will keep ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Green Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Green Chemistry - The 12 Principles Of Green Chemistry
Paul Anastas, then of the EPA, and John C Warner developed 12 principles to green chemistry [2], which go someway in explaining what the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Artificial Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Artificial Chemistry - Important Contributors
The first reference about artificial Chemistries come from a Technical paper written by John McCaskill. Walter Fontana working with Leo B...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Equivalent Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Equivalent Chemistry - Conversion Guide
For monovalent ions, 1 equivalent = 1 mole For divalent ions, 1 Eq = 0.5 mol For trivalent ions, 1 Eq = 0.333 mol ... See also:Equivale...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Quantum Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Quantum Chemistry - Electronic Structure
In principle, the first step in solving a quantum chemical problem is solving the Schrödinger equation (or Dirac equation, see relativis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Quantum Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Quantum Chemistry - Chemical Dynamics
A further step can consist of solving the Schrödinger equation with the total molecular Hamiltonian in order to study the motion of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Organic Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Organic Chemistry - Organic Reactions
Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. While pure hydrocarbons undergo certain classes of reactions, many ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Clandestine Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Clandestine Chemistry - Precursor Chemicals
With the exception of cannabis, and other herbal plants (like kava kava, salvia divinorum) every illicit drug requires chemicals to be re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Base Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Base Chemistry - Neutralization Of Acids
When dissolved in water, the base sodium hydroxide decomposes into hydroxide and sodium ions: and similarly, in water hydrogen chlorid...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Computational Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Computational Chemistry - Semiempirical Methods
Computational chemistry - Electronic structure. Within the framework of Hartree-Fock calculations, some pieces of information (such as ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Precipitation Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Precipitation Chemistry - Cation Sensitivity
Precipitate formation is useful in the detection of the type of cation in an unknown salt. To do this, an alkali first reacts with the un...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Base Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Base Chemistry - Bases And Ph
The pH of (impure) water is a measure of its acidity. In pure water, about one in ten million molecules dissociate into hydronium ions (H...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Computational Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Computational Chemistry - Molecular Mechanics
In many cases, large molecular systems can be modelled succesfully avoiding quantum mechanical calculations entirely. Molecular mechanics...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intercalation Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Intercalation Chemistry - Dna Intercalation
A large class of molecules intercalates into DNA - in the space between two adjacent base pairs. These molecules are mostly polycyclic, a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Chemistry - Early Developments
History of chemistry - Origins. Although the chemistry comes from the ancient Babylon, Egypt and especially Persia after Islam but, the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Complex Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Complex Chemistry - Metal Complexes
A metal complex, also known as coordination compound, is a structure composed of a central metal atom or ion, generally a cation, surroun...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Chemistry - Early Developments
History of chemistry - Origins. However, the birth of chemistry is often more strictly dated to Antoine Lavoisier's discovery of the la...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Radical Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Radical Chemistry - Free Radicals In Biology
Free radicals play an important role in a number of biological processes, some of which are necessary for life, such as the intracellular...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Radical Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Radical Chemistry - Free Radicals In Biology
Free radicals play an important role in a number of biological processes, some of which are necessary for life, such as the intracellular...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Substitution Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Substitution Chemistry - Substituted Compounds
Substituted compounds are chemical compounds where one or more hydrogen atoms of a core structure have been replaced with a functional gr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Radical Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Radical Chemistry - Depicting Radicals In Chemical Reactions
In written chemical equations, free radicals are frequently denoted by a dot placed immediately to the right of the atomic symbol or mole...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Medicinal Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Medicinal Chemistry - Process Of Drug Discovery
Medicinal chemistry - Discovery. The first step of drug discovery involves the identification of new active compounds, often called "hi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Organic Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Organic Chemistry - Categories Of Organic Substances
Because so very many compounds exist, a clear, unambiguous naming system is necessary. Organic nomenclature is the system established for...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemistry - History Of Chemistry
Main article: History of chemistry The roots of chemistry can be traced to the phenomenon of burning. Fire was a mystical force that tran...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemistry - History Of Chemistry
Main article: History of chemistry The roots of chemistry can be traced to the phenomenon of burning. Fire was a mystical force that tran...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemistry - Etymology
Main article: Etymology of chemistry The Etymology of the word chemistry goes back to the old French alkemie; or the Arabic al-kimia: the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemistry - Etymology
Main article: Etymology of chemistry The Etymology of the word chemistry goes back to the old French alkemie; or the Arabic al-kimia: the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemistry - Introduction
Chemistry is often called the central science because it connects other sciences together. Its field of study is broad and often overlaps...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemistry - Chemical Laws
The most fundamental concept in chemistry is the law of conservation of mass, which states that there is no detectable change in the quan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chemistry: Encyclopedia Ii - Chemistry - Fundamental Concepts
Nomenclature Main article: IUPAC nomenclature Nomenclature refers to the system for naming chemical compounds. There are well-defined sys...   » Read the article