Russian jokes - Fixed characters. Standartenführer Stirlitz, alias Colonel Isayev is a character from the Soviet TV series “Seventeen Moments of Spring” (“Семнадцать мгновений весны”, based on a novel by Yulian Semyonov) played by the popular actor Vyacheslav Tikhonov about a Soviet intelligence officer who infiltrates Nazi Germany. Stirlitz interacts with Nazi officials Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Martin Bormann and Heinrich Müller. Usually two-liners told in paro ...

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Russian jokes, Russian jokes - Stereotypes, Russian jokes - Fixed characters, Russian jokes - New Russians, Russian jokes - Animals, Russian jokes - Drunkards, Russian jokes - Policemen, Russian jokes - Army NCOs, Russian jokes - Ethnic stereotypes, Russian jokes - Political jokes, Russian jokes - Early Soviet times, Russian jokes - Communism, Russian jokes - Gulag, Russian jokes - Armenian Radio, Russian jokes - Political figures, Russian jokes - KGB, Russian jokes - Everyday Soviet life, Russian jokes - Puns, Russian jokes - Eggs, Russian jokes - Religion, Russian jokes - Absurdity, Russian jokes - Black humour, Russian jokes - University students, Russian jokes - Abstract jokes, Russian jokes - Cowboy jokes, Russian jokes - Inner voice, Russian jokes - Jokes about the mentally ill, Russian jokes - Taboo vocabulary

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Polish-Soviet War - 1919. Main articles: Polish-Soviet War in 1919, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]]See also:

Polish-Soviet War, Polish-Soviet War - Names and dates of the war, Polish-Soviet War - Prelude to the war, Polish-Soviet War - The Campaign, Polish-Soviet War - 1919, Polish-Soviet War - 1920, Polish-Soviet War - Aftermath, Polish-Soviet War - List of battles, Polish-Soviet War - Notes

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Polish-Soviet War - 1919. Main article: Polish-Soviet War in 1919 In 1918 the German Army in the east began to retreat westwards. The areas abandoned by the Central Powers became a field of conflict among local governments created by Germany, other local governments that independently sprang up after the German withdrawal, and the Bolsheviks, who hoped to incorporate those areas into Bolshevik Russia. Many of those groups were fragmented, merged, divided, formed short alliances with others, and almost constantly ...

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Polish-Soviet War, Polish-Soviet War - Names and dates of the war, Polish-Soviet War - Prelude to the war, Polish-Soviet War - The Campaign, Polish-Soviet War - 1919, Polish-Soviet War - 1920, Polish-Soviet War - Aftermath, Polish-Soviet War - List of battles, Polish-Soviet War - Notes

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He also told various tales about his supposed exploits. According to himself, he earned and lost several fortunes in his lifetime and had many wives and numerous mistresses. He claimed that during the Second Boer War he had disguised himself as a Russian arms merchant to spy on Dutch weapons shipments to Boers; the so-called Darcy Affair where he procured Persian oil concessions for the British; reporting on the Russian fleet in Port Arthur in the disguise of a timber company owner; spying for the Krupp armaments plant in Germany; seducing a ...

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Sidney Reilly, Sidney Reilly - Youth and early career, Sidney Reilly - Career within British Intelligence, Sidney Reilly - Death

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The street battle was started by a small gang of Latvian anarchists under the leadership of Peter Piaktow, better known as Peter the Painter. In December of 1910 they planned to rob a jeweller's shop at Houndsditch by tunneling through the wall of an adjacent building. On December 16, someone heard their hammering and informed the police. When the unarmed constables arrived one was fatally shot, and in an ensuing fight on the street two others were killed ("the Houndsditch murders"). Most of the members of the gang escaped. An intense se ...

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Siege of Sidney Street, Siege of Sidney Street - The course of the siege, Siege of Sidney Street - Aftermath, Siege of Sidney Street - On film, Siege of Sidney Street - Books

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Serge was in prison on the outbreak of the First World War. He immediately forecast that the war would lead to a Russian Revolution: "Revolutionaries knew quite well that the autocratic Empire, with its hangmen, its pogroms, its finery, its famines, its Siberian jails and ancient iniquity, could never survive the war." In September, 1914, Serge was in a prison on an island in the Seine, twenty-five miles or so from the Battle of the Marne. The local population, suspecting a French defeat, began to flee, and for a while Serge and the ot ...

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Victor Serge, Victor Serge - Early life, Victor Serge - Serge in Russia, Victor Serge - Later life

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The Citadel was built by personal order of Tsar Nicholas I after the 1830 November Uprising. Its chief architect, Major General Ivan Dehn, used the plan of a fortress in Antwerp as the basis for his own plan. The cornerstone was laid by Field Marshal Ivan Paskevich, de facto viceroy of Russian Poland. The fortress is a pentagon-shaped brick structure with high outer walls, enclosing an area of 36 hectares. Its construction required the demolition of 76 residential buildings and the for ...

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Warsaw Citadel, Warsaw Citadel - History

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In Russia, Odhner's arithmometers were mass-manufactured first in 1886 by W.T. Odhner, Maschinenfabrik & Metallgiesserei and later in 1891 by the Odhner-Gill factory (фабрика Однера-Гиля) in St.Petersburg. Pinwheel calculators were more popular in Europe (particularly in Germany) than in the United States. In 1924, Felix Dzerzhinsky, the head of the Russian Cheka, initiated the manufacturing of arithmometers. Later they were named arithmometer Feliks and served in the Soviet Union well into the 1970s ...

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Pinwheel calculator, Pinwheel calculator - History, Pinwheel calculator - Operation

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Nikolai was born in Kronstadt, into a family of a naval physician Stepan Yakovlevich Gumilev (1836—1920) and Anna Ivanovna L'vova (1854—1942). He studied at the gymnasium of Tsarskoe Selo, where the Symbolist poet Innokenty Annensky was his teacher. Later, Gumilev admitted that it was Annensky's influence that turned his mind to writing poetry. His first publication were verses I run from cities into forest (Russian: Я в лес бежал из городов) on September 8, 1902. In 1 ...

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Nikolay Gumilyov, Nikolay Gumilyov - Early life and poems, Nikolay Gumilyov - Guild of Poets, Nikolay Gumilyov - War experience, Nikolay Gumilyov - Later poems and death

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During World War I, Tsarist Russia experienced famine and economic collapse. The demoralized Russian Army suffered severe military setbacks, and many soldiers deserted the front lines. Dissatisfaction with the monarchy and its policy of continuing the war grew. Tsar Nicholas II abdicated in February of 1917. A provisional government was installed, led first by Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov, then by Aleksandr Kerensky, but it maintained its commitment to the war. T ...

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History of the Soviet Union, History of the Soviet Union - The Russian Revolution, History of the Soviet Union - The Russian Civil War, History of the Soviet Union - The Polish-Soviet War, History of the Soviet Union - Creation of the USSR, History of the Soviet Union - The New Economic Policy, History of the Soviet Union - The death of Lenin and the fate of the NEP

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List of Poles - Astronomy. Franciszek Armiński. Albert Brudzewski. Tadeusz Banachiewicz. Władysław Dziewulski. Felicjan Kępiński. Mikołaj Kopernik (Nicholas Copernicus) Kazimierz Kordylewski. Marian Albertovich Kowalski. Aleksander Wolszczan. Jan Heweliusz. Bohdan Paczyński. Konrad Rudnicki. Wiesław Wiśniewski. List of Poles - Biology. Joseph Babiński, physicianSee also:

List of Poles, List of Poles - History, List of Poles - Science, List of Poles - Astronomy, List of Poles - Biology, List of Poles - Chemistry, List of Poles - Engineering, List of Poles - Linguists, List of Poles - Mathematics, List of Poles - Physics, List of Poles - Other, List of Poles - Music, List of Poles - Literature, List of Poles - Philosophy, List of Poles - Fine arts, List of Poles - Entertainment, List of Poles - Royalty, List of Poles - Nobility szlachta, List of Poles - Sports, List of Poles - Boxing, List of Poles - Wrestling, List of Poles - Military, List of Poles - Politics and diplomacy, List of Poles - Holocaust resistors, List of Poles - Religion, List of Poles - Other, List of Poles - Criminal persons, List of Poles - Controversial persons, List of Poles - SS Officers of Partial Polish heritage ethnicity or descent, List of Poles - Germans born on current Polish land, List of Poles - Heroes and Freedom fighters, List of Poles - Legendary persons, List of Poles - Fictional characters

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From beginning foreign intelligence played important role in Soviet Union foreign policy. In USSR foreign intelligence was formally formed in 1920, as a foreign department of Cheka (Inostrannyj Otdiel - INO). But soviet intelligence services were formed during the [[Russian Civil War|Russian Civil War of 1918-1920. December 19, 1918, Central Committee Bureau of the RKP(b) had decide to combine front formations of Cheka and the Military Control Units, with were control by the Military Revolutionary Committee, and responsible for ...

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First Chief Directorate, First Chief Directorate - History of foreign intelligence in USSR, First Chief Directorate - Chiefs of foreign intelligence, First Chief Directorate - First Chief Directorate, First Chief Directorate - First functioning rezidentura, First Chief Directorate - KGB organization, First Chief Directorate - FCD organization, First Chief Directorate - Rezidentura organization, First Chief Directorate - References

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Unlike concentration camps, "katorga" was within the normal judicial system of (Imperial) Russia, but both share the same main features: confinement, simplified facilities (as opposed to prisons), and forced labor, usually on hard, unskilled or semi-skilled work. Katorgas were established in underpopulated areas of Siberia and the Russian Far East that had few towns or food sources. Nonetheless, a few prisoners successfully escaped back to populated areas. Since these times, Siberia gained its fearful connotation of punishment, which was further enhanced by the Soviet Gulag system tha ...

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Katorga, Katorga - History, Katorga - Notable katorgas, Katorga - Famous katorga captives

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Gorky became an orphan at the age of nine and was brought up by his grandmother, an excellent storyteller. Her death deeply affected him, and after an attempt at suicide in December 1887, he travelled on foot across the Russian Empire for five years, changing jobs and accumulating impressions used later in his writing. As a journalist working in provincial newspapers, he wrote under pseudonym Иегудиил Хламида (Jehudiel Khlamida). He began using pseudonym Gorky (literally "bitter") in 1892, while working in Tiflis newspa ...

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Maxim Gorky, Maxim Gorky - Life, Maxim Gorky - Selected works, Maxim Gorky - Works about Gorky, Maxim Gorky - Quotes

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Threesome commissions were of common usage in Bolshevik organizations. It was recognized that three persons is the minimal number required for collegiate decisions: this is a minimal number for which voting, a necessary instrument of democratic decisions, was reasonably possible. For example, the minimal size of a party cell was 3. The very first "troika" of repressive type was instituted in 1918, the members being Felix Dzerzhinsky, Yako ...

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NKVD troika, NKVD troika - Background, NKVD troika - Repression of kulaks, NKVD troika - Repression of Poles, NKVD troika - Abolition, NKVD troika - External link

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Military history of the Soviet Union - Interwar period. See also: Interwar period Following the death of Lenin, the Soviet Union was enmeshed in a struggle for succession that pitted Trotsky and his policy of "world revolution" against Stalin and his policy of "socialism in one country." Thanks to his control over and support from the Party and state bureaucracy, Stalin prevailed and Trotsky was removed as war commissar in 1925, resulting in a turn away from the policy of spreading the revolution abroad in favour o ...

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Military history of the Soviet Union, Military history of the Soviet Union - Tsarist and revolutionary background, Military history of the Soviet Union - Development of the structure ideology and doctrine of the Soviet military, Military history of the Soviet Union - Party control, Military history of the Soviet Union - Military counterintelligence, Military history of the Soviet Union - Political doctrine, Military history of the Soviet Union - Military-party relations, Military history of the Soviet Union - Military doctrine, Military history of the Soviet Union - Practical deployment of the Soviet military, Military history of the Soviet Union - Interwar period, Military history of the Soviet Union - World War II, Military history of the Soviet Union - The Cold War and conventional forces, Military history of the Soviet Union - The Cold War and nuclear weapons, Military history of the Soviet Union - Military-industrial complex and the economy, Military history of the Soviet Union - Collapse of the Soviet Union and the military, Military history of the Soviet Union - Timeline, Military history of the Soviet Union - Foreign military aid, Military history of the Soviet Union - Crimes against civilians, Military history of the Soviet Union - Notes

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Felix - Popes. Pope Felix I (269–274) Pope Felix II (356-365) Pope Felix III (483–492) Pope Felix IV (526-530) Antipope Felix V, earlier Amadeus VIII of Savoy (1439-1449) ...

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Felix, Felix - Church people, Felix - Popes, Felix - Fictional Felix, Felix - People, Felix - Roman Empire, Felix - Places, Felix - Other

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Russia had suffered six and a half years of war before the famine began.[1] The last years of the First World War in the East were fought inside Imperial Russia. Modern war strains any economy; but for much of the period, Russia had been cut off, not only from trade with the Central Powers, but, with the closing of the Dardanelles, from the rest of the world. The end of grain export would at least have meant full granaries, if it were not for the peculation and corruption of Imperial Russia. ^{See also:}

Russian famine of 1921, Russian famine of 1921 - History of the famine, Russian famine of 1921 - The international relief effort, Russian famine of 1921 - The post-relief period, Russian famine of 1921 - Political uses

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After the Bolsheviks came to power, Trotsky became the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs and published the secret treaties previously signed by the Triple Entente and the United States that detailed plans for post-war reallocation of colonies and redrawing state borders. Trotsky was the head of the Soviet delegation during the peace negotiations in Brest-Litovsk between December 22, 1917 and February 10, 1918. At that time the Soviet government was split on the issue. Left Communists, led by Nikolai Bukharin, continued to ...

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Leon Trotsky, Leon Trotsky - Before the 1917 Revolution, Leon Trotsky - Childhood and family 1879-1896, Leon Trotsky - Revolutionary activity and exile 1896-1902, Leon Trotsky - First emigration and second marriage 1902-1903, Leon Trotsky - Split with Lenin 1903-1904, Leon Trotsky - The 1905 Revolution and trial 1905-1906, Leon Trotsky - Second emigration 1907-1914, Leon Trotsky - World War I 1914-1917, Leon Trotsky - 1917, Leon Trotsky - After the Russian Revolution, Leon Trotsky - At the head of the Red Army Spring 1918, Leon Trotsky - The Civil War 1918-1920, Leon Trotsky - The Trade Union Discussion 1920-1921, Leon Trotsky - Fall from power 1922-1928, Leon Trotsky - The last exile 1929-1940, Leon Trotsky - Moscow show trials, Leon Trotsky - The Fourth International, Leon Trotsky - The Dies Committee, Leon Trotsky - Assassination, Leon Trotsky - Contributions to theory, Leon Trotsky - Permanent Revolution, Leon Trotsky - Notes, Leon Trotsky - Trotsky in Literature, Leon Trotsky - Selected Works

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There are several different types of clowns, including: The whiteface clown, the most well-known of modern clown types - Joey Grimaldi (whose name, Joey, is the insider term for clown) was a whiteface clown. The whiteface clown uses makeup to exaggerate their facial features and expressions rather than modify or conceal them. When a whiteface is performing with other clowns it is usually the leader and the smartest one. skullcaps/baldcaps or headgear appliances simulating a tall, pointy, or otherwise unusually shaped head ...

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Clown, Clown - History, Clown - Word origin, Clown - Clown skills, Clown - Types, Clown - Customs and traditions, Clown - A knock is a plug, Clown - The Code, Clown - Clown superstition, Clown - Entrées, Clown - Side dishes, Clown - Clown Stops, Clown - Track Gags, Clown - Gags, Clown - Bits, Clown - Blow-off, Clown - Clowning Frameworks, Clown - Prop Stunts, Clown - Cooperative bits, Clown - Pete and re-Pete, Clown - That's good/that's bad, Clown - Some other clowns, Clown - Fictional clowns, Clown - Causes of the phobia, Clown - Reality vs. Media, Clown - Clowning as a protest tactic

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January 7 - Dáil Éireann, the extra-legal parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64-57 votes. January 8 - The Social Democratic Youth League of Norway is founded. January 10 - Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éireann. January 11 - First successful insulin treatment of diabetes. January 12 - British government releases remaining Irish prisoners captured in the War of Independence. January 13 - Flu epidemic has claimed 8 ...

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1922, 1922 - Events, 1922 - Exact month/day of event unknown, 1922 - Births, 1922 - January-March, 1922 - April-June, 1922 - July to December, 1922 - Deaths, 1922 - Marriages, 1922 - January-March, 1922 - April-June, 1922 - July to December, 1922 - Nobel Prizes, 1922 - Heads of state in 1922

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