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chauvinism | A Wisdom Archive on chauvinism | | chauvinism A selection of articles related to chauvinism | |
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chauvinism, Chauvinism, Chauvinism - Chauvinism as nationalism, Female chauvinism, Female dominance, Han chauvinism, Internationalism (politics), Male chauvinism, Male dominance, Misandry, Misogyny, Sexism
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO chauvinism | | | |  chauvinism: Encyclopedia II - Public good - Criticism of public goods theory
Public good - Empirical discrepancies with public goods theory.
Many of the goods that are provided on the market without state involvement fit the description of public goods. For example, street musicians, written and spoken languages, money transactions (as opposed to bartering), personal hygiene, etc., are all public goods according to the requirements of public goods theory. However, all of these are provided by free actors on the market. State provision of many goods such as television, radio and telephone ...
See also:Public good, Public good - Examples of public goods, Public good - Subtypes of public goods, Public good - Global public good, Public good - The free rider problem, Public good - Possible solutions to the free rider problem, Public good - Dominant assurance contracts, Public good - Coasian solution, Public good - Government provision, Public good - Subsidies, Public good - Privileged group, Public good - Merging of free riders, Public good - Legislated exclusion, Public good - Non-individualism, Public good - Efficient production levels of public goods, Public good - Criticism of public goods theory, Public good - Empirical discrepancies with public goods theory, Public good - Subjective value criticisms, Public good - Assumptions regarding government provision, Public good - Normative criticism, Public good - External sources Read more here: » Public good: Encyclopedia II - Public good - Criticism of public goods theory |
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| | | | | chauvinism: Encyclopedia II - Alternative biochemistry - Other exotic biochemical elements Chlorine is sometimes proposed as a biological alternative to oxygen, either in carbon-based biologies or hypothetical non-carbon-based ones. Chlorine is much less abundant than oxygen in the universe, however, and so it is unlikely that a planet will be able to form which has a large enough concentration of chlorine available on its surface to form the basis of a biochemistry. Chlorine will instead likely be bound up in the form of salts and other inert compounds.
Sulfur is also able to form long-chain molecules, but suffers from the ...
See also:Alternative biochemistry, Alternative biochemistry - Silicon biochemistry, Alternative biochemistry - Nitrogen/Phosphorus biochemistry, Alternative biochemistry - Other exotic biochemical elements, Alternative biochemistry - Non-water solvents, Alternative biochemistry - Ammonia, Alternative biochemistry - Other solvents, Alternative biochemistry - Artificial life, Alternative biochemistry - In fiction Read more here: » Alternative biochemistry: Encyclopedia II - Alternative biochemistry - Other exotic biochemical elements |
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| | | | | chauvinism: Encyclopedia II - Public good - The free rider problem Public goods provide a very important example of market failure, in which market-like behavior of individual gain-seeking does not produce efficient results. The production of public goods results in positive externalities which are not remunerated. Because no private organisation can reap all the benefits of a public good which they have produced, there will be insufficient incentives to produce it voluntarily. Consumers can take advantage of public goods without contributing sufficiently to their creation. This is called the free rider ...
See also:Public good, Public good - Examples of public goods, Public good - Subtypes of public goods, Public good - Global public good, Public good - The free rider problem, Public good - Possible solutions to the free rider problem, Public good - Dominant assurance contracts, Public good - Coasian solution, Public good - Government provision, Public good - Subsidies, Public good - Privileged group, Public good - Merging of free riders, Public good - Legislated exclusion, Public good - Non-individualism, Public good - Efficient production levels of public goods, Public good - Criticism of public goods theory, Public good - Empirical discrepancies with public goods theory, Public good - Subjective value criticisms, Public good - Assumptions regarding government provision, Public good - Normative criticism, Public good - External sources Read more here: » Public good: Encyclopedia II - Public good - The free rider problem |
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| | | | | chauvinism: Encyclopedia II - Nationalism - Background and problems The most general definition of nationalism is broad, and has been controversial throughout history. Specific examples of nationalism are extremely diverse. Extreme emotions are aroused when discussing nationalism, and that makes it difficult to describe and define nationalism. A recurring problem is that people define nationalism on the basis of their local experience. To a Breton nationalist, the central issue is state nationalism versus cultural nationalism; elsewhere that distinction may be irrelevant. Often supporters of nationalism fear ...
See also:Nationalism, Nationalism - Background and problems, Nationalism - Issues in nationalism theory, Nationalism - Historical evolution of nationalism, Nationalism - Prior to 1900, Nationalism - 20th Century nationalism, Nationalism - Language and nationalism, Nationalism - Prominent figures, Nationalism - Types of nationalism, Nationalism - Nationalism within nations, Nationalism - Post-2001 nationalism in the United States, Nationalism - Nationalism and extremism, Nationalism - Racism, Nationalism - Opposition and critique, Nationalism - Historical effect of nationalism, Nationalism - Compare Read more here: » Nationalism: Encyclopedia II - Nationalism - Background and problems |
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| | | | | chauvinism: Encyclopedia II - French people - Language The French language, the mother tongue of the majority of the world's French, is a Romance language, one of the many derived from Latin. In addition to its Latinate base, the development of French was also influenced, in both grammar and vocabulary, by the Celtic tongues of pre-Roman Gaul, the Germanic tongues of the Franks and the Norsemen/Vikings who settled in Normandy. More recently, French has been heavily influenced by other global tongues, particularly English.
French is not the only language spoken by the inhabitants of France ...
See also:French people, French people - History, French people - History of Gaul, French people - The Franks, French people - 15th to 18th century, French people - 19th to 21st century, French people - Population with French ancestry, French people - Ethnic claims and discontents, French people - Language, French people - Notes Read more here: » French people: Encyclopedia II - French people - Language |
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| | | | | chauvinism: Encyclopedia II - Pacifism - Criticisms/paradoxes of Pacifism If a people are being suppressed violently and brutally by an organization (say led by a dictator) the extreme pacifist view from the inside would be to not oppose the dictator violently, and from the outside would be not to support military opposition to the dictator. However, this leads to a potential paradox. While it is true that military opposition to the dictator would result in violence, much violence is already being done by the dictator. Could a short bout of violence (to depose the dictator) shorten the long bout of violence (due ...
See also:Pacifism, Pacifism - History, Pacifism - Pragmatic pacifism, Pacifism - Principled or radical pacifism, Pacifism - Pacifism and international aggressions, Pacifism - Pacifism and religion, Pacifism - Pacifist social movements based on religion, Pacifism - Pacifism in mainstream Christian denominations, Pacifism - Criticisms/paradoxes of Pacifism, Pacifism - Quotes Read more here: » Pacifism: Encyclopedia II - Pacifism - Criticisms/paradoxes of Pacifism |
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| | | | | | | | | chauvinism: Encyclopedia II - French people - Ethnic claims and discontents Image:Multiracial French Celebrities.jpg
The far-right Front National 's discourse of La France aux Français ("France to the French") or Les Français d'abord ("French first") has distorted political life since the 1980s. Their claims of an "ethnic French" group have been adamantly refused by many other groups, which widely considered this party as racist[17]. According to the French Constitution, "French" is a nationality, not a specific ethnicity. Alain de Benoist's Nouvelle Droite movement, quite famous ...
See also:French people, French people - History, French people - History of Gaul, French people - The Franks, French people - 15th to 18th century, French people - 19th to 21st century, French people - Population with French ancestry, French people - Ethnic claims and discontents, French people - Language, French people - Notes Read more here: » French people: Encyclopedia II - French people - Ethnic claims and discontents |
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| | | | | chauvinism: Encyclopedia II - French people - Population with French ancestry There is a sizeable population claiming ethnic French ancestry in the Western Hemisphere. The Canadian province of Quebec is the center of French life on the Western side of the Atlantic. It is home to the oldest French descent community and to vibrant French-language arts, media, and learning. There are sizeable French-Canadian communities scattered throughout the other provinces of Canada, particularly in Ontario and New Brunswick.
The United States is home to millions of people of French descent, particularly in Louisiana and New E ...
See also:French people, French people - History, French people - History of Gaul, French people - The Franks, French people - 15th to 18th century, French people - 19th to 21st century, French people - Population with French ancestry, French people - Ethnic claims and discontents, French people - Language, French people - Notes Read more here: » French people: Encyclopedia II - French people - Population with French ancestry |
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| | | | | chauvinism: Encyclopedia II - Alternative biochemistry - Artificial life See main article Artificial Life
It is possible in principle to construct a robot or a system of robots that is capable of replicating itself from raw ores and natural energy sources without any external direction or assistance (a "clanking replicator"). Such a machine system could be considered alive, in that it is capable of evolution through mutational errors in its inherited design patterns, but is in no way required to be composed of carbon-based compounds. The most detailed proposition for machine life made so far conside ...
See also:Alternative biochemistry, Alternative biochemistry - Silicon biochemistry, Alternative biochemistry - Nitrogen/Phosphorus biochemistry, Alternative biochemistry - Other exotic biochemical elements, Alternative biochemistry - Non-water solvents, Alternative biochemistry - Ammonia, Alternative biochemistry - Other solvents, Alternative biochemistry - Artificial life, Alternative biochemistry - In fiction Read more here: » Alternative biochemistry: Encyclopedia II - Alternative biochemistry - Artificial life |
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| | | | | chauvinism: Encyclopedia II - Anti-Americanism - Use of the term anti-Americanism Perceptions of anti-Americanism are widespread, yet hard to define and isolate. The term itself does not imply a critical attitude based on rational objections but rather a prejudiced system of thought. Therefore, the term is rarely employed as a self-identifier (i.e. "I am anti-American...") as this inherently implies bias. Instead, it is often used as a pejorative by those who object to another individual or group's stance toward the United States.
Advocates of the significance of the term argue that Anti-Americanism represents a co ...
See also:Anti-Americanism, Anti-Americanism - Use of the term anti-Americanism, Anti-Americanism - History, Anti-Americanism - Degeneracy thesis, Anti-Americanism - Romantic hostility, Anti-Americanism - Racialism, Anti-Americanism - Anti-technology and consumerism, Anti-Americanism - Political hypocrisy, Anti-Americanism - The Other, Anti-Americanism - Modern political origins and public opinion, Anti-Americanism - Criticisms of the United States, Anti-Americanism - Criticisms of anti-Americanism, Anti-Americanism - Notes Read more here: » Anti-Americanism: Encyclopedia II - Anti-Americanism - Use of the term anti-Americanism |
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| | | | | chauvinism: Encyclopedia II - Bukharan Jews - Background The Bukharan Jews trace their ancestry to Israelites who never came back from the Babylonian captivity after exile in the 7th century BCE. In Central Asia, they survived for centuries subject to many conquering influences. The community was essentially cut off from the rest of the Jewish world for more than 2,000 years and managed to survive in the face of countless odds. They are considered one of the oldest ethno-religious group of Central Asia and over the years the ...
See also:Bukharan Jews, Bukharan Jews - Background, Bukharan Jews - Name and language, Bukharan Jews - History, Bukharan Jews - Under the Soviet rule, Bukharan Jews - After 1991, Bukharan Jews - Culture, Bukharan Jews - Cuisine, Bukharan Jews - Music, Bukharan Jews - Notable Bukharan Jews Read more here: » Bukharan Jews: Encyclopedia II - Bukharan Jews - Background |
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| | | | | chauvinism: Encyclopedia II - Pacifism - History Advocacy of pacifism can be found far back in history and literature, for example in the Classical world. Two instances from the Peloponnesian War 431–404 BC that have come down to us are the non-violent protest of Hegetorides of Thasos, and the Athenian women's anti-war sex strike in Aristophanes' comedy Lysistrata.
Some religious organizations, such as the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers), the Amish, the Mennonites, have been pacifistic for centuries. In the 19th century anti-war sentiment grew. Many socialist groups and mov ...
See also:Pacifism, Pacifism - History, Pacifism - Pragmatic pacifism, Pacifism - Principled or radical pacifism, Pacifism - Pacifism and international aggressions, Pacifism - Pacifism and religion, Pacifism - Pacifist social movements based on religion, Pacifism - Pacifism in mainstream Christian denominations, Pacifism - Criticisms/paradoxes of Pacifism, Pacifism - Quotes Read more here: » Pacifism: Encyclopedia II - Pacifism - History |
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| | | | | chauvinism: Encyclopedia II - Internationalism politics - Other Uses of the Term In a less restricted sense, internationalism is a word describing the impetus and motivation for the creation of any international organizations. The earliest such example of broad internationalism would be the drive to replace feudal systems of measurement with the metric system, long before the creation of international organizations like the World Court, the League of Nations, and the United Nations.
In linguistics, an "internationalism" is a loanword that, originating in one language, has been borrowed by most (ideally all) other languages. Other ex ...
See also:Internationalism politics, Internationalism politics - The Modern Ideal of Internationalism, Internationalism politics - The various trends of internationalism, Internationalism politics - The left vs right balance, Internationalism politics - The sovereign nations vs supranational powers balance, Internationalism politics - Other Uses of the Term Read more here: » Internationalism politics: Encyclopedia II - Internationalism politics - Other Uses of the Term |
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| | | | | chauvinism: Encyclopedia II - Pacifism - Pragmatic pacifism "Pacifist" often less technically describes a person who accepts risks to her or himself and others, or prefers the penalties which might accompany a non-aggressive stance even in extreme circumstances, for the sake of avoiding a violent or military solution especially in politics. A pacifist person may be distinguished as more than usually confident in peaceful means for the resolution of any conflict, more of a pacifist than others, earning the reputation as a "dove" or a "peacemaker". Pacifism also describes a stance in particular circums ...
See also:Pacifism, Pacifism - History, Pacifism - Pragmatic pacifism, Pacifism - Principled or radical pacifism, Pacifism - Pacifism and international aggressions, Pacifism - Pacifism and religion, Pacifism - Pacifist social movements based on religion, Pacifism - Pacifism in mainstream Christian denominations, Pacifism - Criticisms/paradoxes of Pacifism, Pacifism - Quotes Read more here: » Pacifism: Encyclopedia II - Pacifism - Pragmatic pacifism |
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| | | | | chauvinism: Encyclopedia II - Pacifism - Principled or radical pacifism While those who believe that war is normally preferable to peace are rare indeed, pacifism as a distinctive belief is not at all common. The distinction of pacifism is not only an extraordinary faith in the effectiveness or benefits of peaceful means of resolution of conflict, but the principled rejection of all pretended justification of violent means under any circumstances. At a minimum, this stance is adopted as a matter of personal conviction limited to one's own choices, which sometimes leaves the individual conscientiously free to ser ...
See also:Pacifism, Pacifism - History, Pacifism - Pragmatic pacifism, Pacifism - Principled or radical pacifism, Pacifism - Pacifism and international aggressions, Pacifism - Pacifism and religion, Pacifism - Pacifist social movements based on religion, Pacifism - Pacifism in mainstream Christian denominations, Pacifism - Criticisms/paradoxes of Pacifism, Pacifism - Quotes Read more here: » Pacifism: Encyclopedia II - Pacifism - Principled or radical pacifism |
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| | | | | chauvinism: Encyclopedia II - Culture of Iran - Traditional cultural inheritors of the old Persia Like the Persian Rug that exhibits numerous colors and forms in a dazzling display of warmth and creativity, Persian culture is the glue that bonds the peoples of western and central Asia. In the words of Iranologist Richard Nelson Frye:
"Many times I have emphasized that the present peoples of central Asia, whether Iranian or Turkic speaking, have one culture, one religion, one set of soc ...
See also:Culture of Iran, Culture of Iran - Persian art, Culture of Iran - Persian language and literature, Culture of Iran - Iranian cinema, Culture of Iran - Persian music, Culture of Iran - Persian architecture, Culture of Iran - Persian rugs, Culture of Iran - Persian gardens, Culture of Iran - Persian cuisine, Culture of Iran - Women in Persian culture, Culture of Iran - Iranian traditional holidays, Culture of Iran - Traditional cultural inheritors of the old Persia, Culture of Iran - Persian contributions to humanity, Culture of Iran - Sources Read more here: » Culture of Iran: Encyclopedia II - Culture of Iran - Traditional cultural inheritors of the old Persia |
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| | | | | chauvinism: Encyclopedia II - Culture of Iran - Women in Persian culture In the tales of the 1001 Nights, it is a woman, Sheherazade, who is the protagonist and heroine of the frame tale.
See main article: Persian Woman
...
See also:Culture of Iran, Culture of Iran - Persian art, Culture of Iran - Persian language and literature, Culture of Iran - Iranian cinema, Culture of Iran - Persian music, Culture of Iran - Persian architecture, Culture of Iran - Persian rugs, Culture of Iran - Persian gardens, Culture of Iran - Persian cuisine, Culture of Iran - Women in Persian culture, Culture of Iran - Iranian traditional holidays, Culture of Iran - Traditional cultural inheritors of the old Persia, Culture of Iran - Persian contributions to humanity, Culture of Iran - Sources Read more here: » Culture of Iran: Encyclopedia II - Culture of Iran - Women in Persian culture |
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| | | | | chauvinism: Encyclopedia II - Paris Commune - The commune in retrospect The better-off citizens of Paris, and many of the earlier historians of the Commune, saw it as a classic example of mob rule, terrifying and yet at the same time inexplicable. Most later historians, even those on the right, have recognised the value of some of the Commune's reforms and have deplored the savagery of its repression.
On the left, there have been many who criticise the Commune for showing too great moderation, especially given the grave situation it was in. Karl Marx found it aggravating that the Communards "lost precious ...
See also:Paris Commune, Paris Commune - Background, Paris Commune - The rise and nature of the commune, Paris Commune - The assault, Paris Commune - The commune in retrospect, Paris Commune - Other Communes, Paris Commune - Fictional treatments Read more here: » Paris Commune: Encyclopedia II - Paris Commune - The commune in retrospect |
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