Strong feeling against the United States (and at times the North American continent) has persisted since the country's original settlement, with criticisms varying greatly in content and motive. Anti-Americanism - Degeneracy thesis. Anti-American sentiment in Europe originates with the discovery of America, the study of the Native Americans, and the examination of its flora, fauna, and climate. The first anti-American image ("the degeneracy thesis") saw America as a regressive and culturally bankrupt conti ...

See also:

Anti-Americanism, Anti-Americanism - Use of the term anti-Americanism, Anti-Americanism - History, Anti-Americanism - Degeneracy thesis, Anti-Americanism - Romantic hostility, Anti-Americanism - Racialism, Anti-Americanism - Anti-technology and consumerism, Anti-Americanism - Political hypocrisy, Anti-Americanism - The Other, Anti-Americanism - Modern political origins and public opinion, Anti-Americanism - Criticisms of the United States, Anti-Americanism - Criticisms of anti-Americanism, Anti-Americanism - Notes

Read more here: » Anti-Americanism: Encyclopedia II - Anti-Americanism - History

The Bukharan Jews trace their ancestry to Israelites who never came back from the Babylonian captivity after exile in the 7th century BCE. In Central Asia, they survived for centuries subject to many conquering influences. The community was essentially cut off from the rest of the Jewish world for more than 2,000 years and managed to survive in the face of countless odds. They are considered one of the oldest ethno-religious group of Central Asia and over the years the ...

See also:

Bukharan Jews, Bukharan Jews - Background, Bukharan Jews - Name and language, Bukharan Jews - History, Bukharan Jews - Soviet era, Bukharan Jews - After 1991, Bukharan Jews - Culture, Bukharan Jews - Cuisine, Bukharan Jews - Music, Bukharan Jews - Notable Bukharan Jews

Read more here: » Bukharan Jews: Encyclopedia II - Bukharan Jews - Background

The term "Bukharan" was coined by European travelers who visited Central Asia around the 16th century. Since most of the Jewish community at the time lived under the Emir of Bukhara, they came to be known as Bukharan Jews. They regarded themselves as "Isro'il" and "Yahudi." Bukharan Jews used Persian language to communicate among themselves and later developed "Bukhori", a distinct dialect of the Tajiki-Persian language with certain linguistic traces of Hebrew. This language provided easier communication with their neighboring ...

See also:

Bukharan Jews, Bukharan Jews - Background, Bukharan Jews - Name and language, Bukharan Jews - History, Bukharan Jews - Soviet era, Bukharan Jews - After 1991, Bukharan Jews - Culture, Bukharan Jews - Cuisine, Bukharan Jews - Music, Bukharan Jews - Notable Bukharan Jews

Read more here: » Bukharan Jews: Encyclopedia II - Bukharan Jews - Name and language

As European immigration to the United States continued and the country's economic potential became more obvious, anti-Americanism grew a much more explicit geopolitical dimension. A new strand of anti-American sentiment started to appear as America entered the competition for influence in the Pacific, and anti-Americanism was widespread among the Central Powers after the U.S. entered the First World War. Furthermore, many of the anti-American ideological threads spread to other areas, such as Japan and Latin American, where Continental philo ...

See also:

Anti-Americanism, Anti-Americanism - Use of the term anti-Americanism, Anti-Americanism - History, Anti-Americanism - Degeneracy thesis, Anti-Americanism - Romantic hostility, Anti-Americanism - Racialism, Anti-Americanism - Anti-technology and consumerism, Anti-Americanism - Political hypocrisy, Anti-Americanism - The Other, Anti-Americanism - Modern political origins and public opinion, Anti-Americanism - Criticisms of the United States, Anti-Americanism - Criticisms of anti-Americanism, Anti-Americanism - Notes

Read more here: » Anti-Americanism: Encyclopedia II - Anti-Americanism - Modern political origins and public opinion

They had their own dress code, similar but different from other cultures living in Central Asia. On weddings today, one can still observe the bride and the close relatives put on the traditional kaftan and the richly-embroidered fur-lined hats and dance. Although their presence in Central Asia has dissipated, Bukharans remain proud of their Jewish heritage. Bukharan Jews - Cuisine. Bukharan cuisine consists mainly of shish kabobs of chicken, beef or lamb. Plov is a very popular Uzbek rice dish that ...

See also:

Bukharan Jews, Bukharan Jews - Background, Bukharan Jews - Name and language, Bukharan Jews - History, Bukharan Jews - Soviet era, Bukharan Jews - After 1991, Bukharan Jews - Culture, Bukharan Jews - Cuisine, Bukharan Jews - Music, Bukharan Jews - Notable Bukharan Jews

Read more here: » Bukharan Jews: Encyclopedia II - Bukharan Jews - Culture

Whilst the criticisms listed below can be held within a general anti-American stance, it should be noted that most do not by themselves imply any of the prejudices associated with anti-Americanism. Some of the most common criticisms involve: U.S. Foreign Policy - Main article: Opposition to U.S. foreign policy. American military interventions and perceived imperialism, especially in connection with 2003 invasion of Iraq and the Vietnam War Selectivism in resolving various global problems (global warming, ...

See also:

Anti-Americanism, Anti-Americanism - Use of the term anti-Americanism, Anti-Americanism - History, Anti-Americanism - Degeneracy thesis, Anti-Americanism - Romantic hostility, Anti-Americanism - Racialism, Anti-Americanism - Anti-technology and consumerism, Anti-Americanism - Political hypocrisy, Anti-Americanism - The Other, Anti-Americanism - Modern political origins and public opinion, Anti-Americanism - Criticisms of the United States, Anti-Americanism - Criticisms of anti-Americanism, Anti-Americanism - Notes

Read more here: » Anti-Americanism: Encyclopedia II - Anti-Americanism - Criticisms of the United States

Some of the most common criticisms of the United States involve: U.S. Foreign Policy - Main article: Opposition to U.S. foreign policy. American military interventions and perceived imperialism, especially in connection with 2003 invasion of Iraq and the Vietnam War Selectivism in resolving various global problems (global warming, disease, wars in Africa) Refusal to sign various international treaties including the Kyoto Protocol, the Ottawa Treaty on landmines, and some proposed agreements to l ...

See also:

Anti-Americanism, Anti-Americanism - Use of the term anti-Americanism, Anti-Americanism - History, Anti-Americanism - Degeneracy thesis, Anti-Americanism - Romantic hostility, Anti-Americanism - Racialism, Anti-Americanism - Anti-technology and consumerism, Anti-Americanism - Political hypocrisy, Anti-Americanism - The Other, Anti-Americanism - Modern political origins and public opinion, Anti-Americanism - Criticisms of the United States, Anti-Americanism - Criticisms of anti-Americanism, Anti-Americanism - Notes

Read more here: » Anti-Americanism: Encyclopedia II - Anti-Americanism - Criticisms of the United States

Anglosphere nations have a history of co-operation and close political ties. A network of varying military alliances as well as intelligence arrangements exists between all five nations, and some are in free trade areas with each other. The countries of the Anglosphere were military allies in major world conflicts in the 20th century, most importantly World War I, World War II, and the Cold War. The United States, the UK, and Australia co-operated in the 2003 invasion ...

See also:

Anglosphere, Anglosphere - Definitions and membership, Anglosphere - Proponents and critics, Anglosphere - Bonding qualities, Anglosphere - Anglosphere co-operation and common ground, Anglosphere - Anglosphere Institute on the role of civil society, Anglosphere - Critical views, Anglosphere - Regionalists, Anglosphere - Realists, Anglosphere - Autonomists, Anglosphere - Critics of Neo-Liberalism, Anglosphere - The core-and-satellite model, Anglosphere - Historical perspectives, Anglosphere - The United Kingdom and the European 'Continent', Anglosphere - The USA and continental European influence, Anglosphere - The United Kingdom and the 'continental' experience: political history, Anglosphere - Institutional history, Anglosphere - Legacy of the twentieth century

Read more here: » Anglosphere: Encyclopedia II - Anglosphere - Anglosphere co-operation and common ground

In a political context, the Anglosphere is largely comprised of the United Kingdom and some of its former colonies, including prior and current members of the Commonwealth of Nations, all of which share a great deal more than a language: Anglospherism is assuredly not the racialist Anglo-Saxonism dating from the era around 1900, nor the sentimental attachment of the Anglo-American Special Relationship of the decades before and after World War II.... Anglo-Saxonism relied on underlying assumptions of an Anglo-Saxon race, and s ...

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Anglosphere, Anglosphere - Definitions and membership, Anglosphere - Proponents and critics, Anglosphere - Bonding qualities, Anglosphere - Anglosphere co-operation and common ground, Anglosphere - Anglosphere Institute on the role of civil society, Anglosphere - Critical views, Anglosphere - Regionalists, Anglosphere - Realists, Anglosphere - Autonomists, Anglosphere - Critics of Neo-Liberalism, Anglosphere - The core-and-satellite model, Anglosphere - Historical perspectives, Anglosphere - The United Kingdom and the European 'Continent', Anglosphere - The USA and continental European influence, Anglosphere - The United Kingdom and the 'continental' experience: political history, Anglosphere - Institutional history, Anglosphere - Legacy of the twentieth century

Read more here: » Anglosphere: Encyclopedia II - Anglosphere - Bonding qualities

The term was popularised in its current meaning by James C. Bennett and the historian Robert Conquest, during the opening years of the 21st century. Mark Steyn, a journalist for the London Daily Telegraph, started to write about it on 1 December 2001. Its usage has been criticised as an obvious and divisive application of ethnocentrism to diplomacy. Michael Ignatieff has written against the thoughtless use of the term. While it has certainly been used in a tendentious way, the coinage also fills a gap in the English vocabulary, corresponding closely to t ...

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Anglosphere, Anglosphere - Definitions and membership, Anglosphere - Proponents and critics, Anglosphere - Bonding qualities, Anglosphere - Anglosphere co-operation and common ground, Anglosphere - Anglosphere Institute on the role of civil society, Anglosphere - Critical views, Anglosphere - Regionalists, Anglosphere - Realists, Anglosphere - Autonomists, Anglosphere - Critics of Neo-Liberalism, Anglosphere - The core-and-satellite model, Anglosphere - Historical perspectives, Anglosphere - The United Kingdom and the European 'Continent', Anglosphere - The USA and continental European influence, Anglosphere - The United Kingdom and the 'continental' experience: political history, Anglosphere - Institutional history, Anglosphere - Legacy of the twentieth century

Read more here: » Anglosphere: Encyclopedia II - Anglosphere - Proponents and critics

The Anglosphere Institute thinktank has been a proponent of the idea that there is something intrinsic and distinctive about the Anglosphere countries as societies. It brings forward a definition of civil society: A civil society is one that is built of a vast network of networks. These networks start with the individual and the families, community organizations, religious congregations, social organizations, and businesses created by individuals coming together voluntarily. Continuing up through the local, regional, national ...

See also:

Anglosphere, Anglosphere - Definitions and membership, Anglosphere - Proponents and critics, Anglosphere - Bonding qualities, Anglosphere - Anglosphere co-operation and common ground, Anglosphere - Anglosphere Institute on the role of civil society, Anglosphere - Critical views, Anglosphere - Regionalists, Anglosphere - Realists, Anglosphere - Autonomists, Anglosphere - Critics of Neo-Liberalism, Anglosphere - The core-and-satellite model, Anglosphere - Historical perspectives, Anglosphere - The United Kingdom and the European 'Continent', Anglosphere - The USA and continental European influence, Anglosphere - The United Kingdom and the 'continental' experience: political history, Anglosphere - Institutional history, Anglosphere - Legacy of the twentieth century

Read more here: » Anglosphere: Encyclopedia II - Anglosphere - Anglosphere Institute on the role of civil society

The Anglosphere is a minor factor in discussion of international relations, compared with some other current political trends; but it has attracted some debate. Critical views overlap, but there are a number of main schools of thought. Anglosphere - Regionalists. Some believe that the idea of cultural alliances is a distraction from regionally-based unions or partners, such as NAFTA and The Americas in United States, the European Union for the United Kingdom or greater Asia for Australia and New Zealand. I ...

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Anglosphere, Anglosphere - Definitions and membership, Anglosphere - Proponents and critics, Anglosphere - Bonding qualities, Anglosphere - Anglosphere co-operation and common ground, Anglosphere - Anglosphere Institute on the role of civil society, Anglosphere - Critical views, Anglosphere - Regionalists, Anglosphere - Realists, Anglosphere - Autonomists, Anglosphere - Critics of Neo-Liberalism, Anglosphere - The core-and-satellite model, Anglosphere - Historical perspectives, Anglosphere - The United Kingdom and the European 'Continent', Anglosphere - The USA and continental European influence, Anglosphere - The United Kingdom and the 'continental' experience: political history, Anglosphere - Institutional history, Anglosphere - Legacy of the twentieth century

Read more here: » Anglosphere: Encyclopedia II - Anglosphere - Critical views

Although it has been part of the Romanian parliament and sometimes even had positions in the Romanian government, UDMR has never been registered as an official Romanian political party, instead being classified as a "union". This is a constant criticism made by its political opponents and sometimes by the critics of the Romanian democracy. UDMR consists of heterogeneous political groups following very different political ideologies, which range from extreme right to extreme left. It is, however, closer to the left part of the national ...

See also:

Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania - Status, Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania - History, Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania - Structure, Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania - Relationship with the population

Read more here: » Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania: Encyclopedia II - Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania - Status

As European immigration to the United States continued and the country's economic potential became more obvious, anti-American stances grew a much more explicit geopolitical dimension. A new strand of anti-American sentiment started to appear as America entered the competition for influence in the Pacific, and anti-Americanism was widespread among the Central Powers after the U.S. entered the First World War. Furthermore, many of the anti-American ideological threads spread to other areas, such as Japan and Latin American, where Continental ...

See also:

Anti-Americanism, Anti-Americanism - Use of the term anti-Americanism, Anti-Americanism - History, Anti-Americanism - Degeneracy thesis, Anti-Americanism - Romantic hostility, Anti-Americanism - Racialism, Anti-Americanism - Anti-technology and consumerism, Anti-Americanism - Political hypocrisy, Anti-Americanism - The Other, Anti-Americanism - Modern political origins and public opinion, Anti-Americanism - Criticisms of the United States, Anti-Americanism - Criticisms of anti-Americanism, Anti-Americanism - Notes

Read more here: » Anti-Americanism: Encyclopedia II - Anti-Americanism - Modern political origins and public opinion

Asterix lives around 50 BC in a fictional village in northwest Armorica (a region of ancient Gaul mostly identical to modern Brittany). This village is celebrated amongst the Gauls as the only part of that country not yet conquered by Julius Caesar and his Roman legions. The inhabitants of the village gain superhuman strength by drinking a magic potion prepared by the druid Getafix (French: Panoramix). The village is surrounded by the ocean on one side, and four Roman garrisons on the other, intended to keep a watchful eye an ...

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Asterix, Asterix - Setting and characters, Asterix - Humour, Asterix - Stereotypes and allusions, Asterix - Puns in names, Asterix - Running gags, Asterix - Revisionist explanations, Asterix - Influences, Asterix - Recurring characters, Asterix - Major recurring characters

Read more here: » Asterix: Encyclopedia II - Asterix - Setting and characters

Asterix lives around 50 BC in a fictional village in northwest Armorica (a region of ancient Gaul mostly identical to modern Brittany). This village is celebrated amongst the Gauls as the only part of that country not yet conquered by Julius Caesar and his Roman legions. The inhabitants of the village gain superhuman strength by drinking a magic potion prepared by the druid Getafix (French: Panoramix). The village is surrounded by the ocean on one side, and four Roman garrisons on the other, intended to keep a watchful eye an ...

See also:

Asterix, Asterix - Setting and characters, Asterix - Humour, Asterix - Stereotypes and allusions, Asterix - Puns in names, Asterix - Running gags, Asterix - Revisionist explanations, Asterix - Influences, Asterix - Major recurring characters

Read more here: » Asterix: Encyclopedia II - Asterix - Setting and characters

UDMR consists of two major wings: the "moderates" and the "radicals". The moderates are led by Béla Markó, who is also the official leader of UDMR. The radicals are led by László Tőkés, who is the honorary president of UDMR. In 2004, the radicals attempted to create an alternate political movement named Uniunea Civică Maghiară (UCM). Their attempt failed but they continue to press. The radicals are by far in minority. According to a poll, only 7 ...

See also:

Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania - Status, Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania - History, Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania - Structure, Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania - Relationship with the population

Read more here: » Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania: Encyclopedia II - Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania - Structure

Nationalism is an extremely assertive ideology, which makes far-reaching demands, including the disappearance of entire states. It is not surprising that it has attracted vehement opposition. Much of the early opposition to nationalism was related to its geopolitical ideal of a separate state for every nation. The classic nationalist movements of the 19th century rejected the very existence of the multi-ethnic empires in Europe. This resulted in severe repression by the (generally autocratic) governments of those empires. That tradition of s ...

See also:

Nationalism, Nationalism - Background and problems, Nationalism - Issues in nationalism theory, Nationalism - Historical evolution of nationalism, Nationalism - Prior to 1900, Nationalism - 20th Century nationalism, Nationalism - Language and nationalism, Nationalism - Prominent figures, Nationalism - Types of nationalism, Nationalism - Nationalism within nations, Nationalism - Post-2001 nationalism in the United States, Nationalism - Nationalism and extremism, Nationalism - Racism, Nationalism - Opposition and critique, Nationalism - Historical effect of nationalism, Nationalism - Compare

Read more here: » Nationalism: Encyclopedia II - Nationalism - Opposition and critique

In addition to carbon compounds all currently known terrestrial life also requires water as a solvent. It is sometimes assumed that water is the only suitable chemical to fill this role. Some of the properties of water that are important for life processes include a large temperature range over which it is liquid, a high heat capacity useful for temperature regulation, a large heat of vaporization, and the ability to dissolve a wide variety of compounds. There are other chemicals with similar properties that have sometimes been proposed as alternatives.See also:

Alternative biochemistry, Alternative biochemistry - Silicon biochemistry, Alternative biochemistry - Nitrogen/Phosphorus biochemistry, Alternative biochemistry - Other exotic biochemical elements, Alternative biochemistry - Non-water solvents, Alternative biochemistry - Ammonia, Alternative biochemistry - Other solvents, Alternative biochemistry - Artificial life, Alternative biochemistry - In fiction

Read more here: » Alternative biochemistry: Encyclopedia II - Alternative biochemistry - Non-water solvents

Nationalism - Prior to 1900. Most theories of nationalism assume a European origin of the nation-state. The modern state is often seen as emerging with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, though this view is disputed. This treaty created the Westphalian system of states, which recognised each other's sovereignty and territory. Some of the signatories, such as the Dutch United Provinces, could be seen as a nation state, but there was no German equivalent, notwithstanding that the Holy Roman Empire consisted of almos ...

See also:

Nationalism, Nationalism - Background and problems, Nationalism - Issues in nationalism theory, Nationalism - Historical evolution of nationalism, Nationalism - Prior to 1900, Nationalism - 20th Century nationalism, Nationalism - Language and nationalism, Nationalism - Prominent figures, Nationalism - Types of nationalism, Nationalism - Nationalism within nations, Nationalism - Post-2001 nationalism in the United States, Nationalism - Nationalism and extremism, Nationalism - Racism, Nationalism - Opposition and critique, Nationalism - Historical effect of nationalism, Nationalism - Compare

Read more here: » Nationalism: Encyclopedia II - Nationalism - Historical evolution of nationalism

Common examples of public goods include: defense and law enforcement (including the system of property rights), public fireworks, lighthouses, clean air and other environmental goods, and information goods, such as software development, authorship, and invention. Some goods -such as orphan drugs- require special governmental incentives to be produced, but can't be classified as public goods since they don't fulfil th ...

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Public good, Public good - Examples of public goods, Public good - Subtypes of public goods, Public good - Global public good, Public good - The free rider problem, Public good - Possible solutions to the free rider problem, Public good - Dominant assurance contracts, Public good - Coasian solution, Public good - Government provision, Public good - Subsidies, Public good - Privileged group, Public good - Merging of free riders, Public good - Legislated exclusion, Public good - Non-individualism, Public good - Efficient production levels of public goods, Public good - Criticism of public goods theory, Public good - Empirical discrepancies with public goods theory, Public good - Subjective value criticisms, Public good - Assumptions regarding government provision, Public good - Normative criticism, Public good - External sources

Read more here: » Public good: Encyclopedia II - Public good - Examples of public goods

One of the most common ways of looking at goods in economics, illustrated in the table below, is the classic division based on: whether there is competition involved in obtaining a given good whether it is possible to exclude a person from consumption of a given good Sometimes, club and common goods are included in the broad definition of public goods. There are always some goods that can be ar ...

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Public good, Public good - Examples of public goods, Public good - Subtypes of public goods, Public good - Global public good, Public good - The free rider problem, Public good - Possible solutions to the free rider problem, Public good - Dominant assurance contracts, Public good - Coasian solution, Public good - Government provision, Public good - Subsidies, Public good - Privileged group, Public good - Merging of free riders, Public good - Legislated exclusion, Public good - Non-individualism, Public good - Efficient production levels of public goods, Public good - Criticism of public goods theory, Public good - Empirical discrepancies with public goods theory, Public good - Subjective value criticisms, Public good - Assumptions regarding government provision, Public good - Normative criticism, Public good - External sources

Read more here: » Public good: Encyclopedia II - Public good - Subtypes of public goods