A bigot is a prejudiced person who is intolerant of any opinions differing from their own. The origin of the word in English dates back to at least 1598, via Middle French, and started with the sense of religious hypocrite, especially a woman. Today, it is considered a synonym of narrow-minded. Bigot is often used as pejorative term against a person who is obstinately devoted to his or her prejudices even when these prejudices are challenged or proven to be false, often engaging these prejudices in a rude and intolerant manner. Forms of bigotry may have a related ideology, like ...

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Alternative biochemistry collectively refers to an assortment of astrobiology theories and hypotheses in which life is based on chemical systems other than those used by currently known forms of life. Proponents of such theories sometimes use the expression carbon chauvinism to disparage the assumption that carbon molecules are necessarily the basis for all life. Up to this point, however, no non-carbon based life-form has been discovered. Alternative biochemistry - Silicon biochemistry. The most com ...

Including:

• Alternative biochemistry - Silicon biochemistry
• Alternative biochemistry - Nitrogen/Phosphorus biochemistry
• Alternative biochemistry - Other exotic biochemical elements
• Alternative biochemistry - Non-water solvents
• Alternative biochemistry - Ammonia
• Alternative biochemistry - Other solvents
• Alternative biochemistry - Artificial life
• Alternative biochemistry - In fiction

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Asterix (French: Astérix) is a fictional character, created in 1959 as the hero of a series of French comic books by René Goscinny (stories) and Albert Uderzo (illustrations). Uderzo has continued the series since the death of Goscinny in 1977. The books have been translated into many languages, even Latin and Ancient Greek. They are probably the most popular French comic in the world, and familiar to people of all ages in most European countries. Asterix is less well known in the United States and Japan, which both h ...

Including:

• Asterix - Setting and characters
• Asterix - Humour
• Asterix - Stereotypes and allusions
• Asterix - Puns in names
• Asterix - Running gags
• Asterix - Revisionist explanations
• Asterix - Influences
• Asterix - Recurring characters
• Asterix - Major recurring characters

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The term Anti-Americanism represents a consistent hostility towards the government, culture, or people of the United States of America. Anti-Americanism is often described as a phenomenon that is uniformly hostile to the United States independently of the real attributes of the nation, and thus has characteristics of a distinct ideology. However, whether the term represents an actual ideological movement or merely a rough composite of stereotypes, prejudices and criticisms towards Americans or the United States is strongly debated.

• Anti-Americanism - Use of the term anti-Americanism
• Anti-Americanism - History
• Anti-Americanism - Degeneracy thesis
• Anti-Americanism - Romantic hostility
• Anti-Americanism - Racialism
• Anti-Americanism - Anti-technology and consumerism
• Anti-Americanism - Political hypocrisy
• Anti-Americanism - The Other
• Anti-Americanism - Modern political origins and public opinion
• Anti-Americanism - Criticisms of the United States
• Anti-Americanism - Criticisms of anti-Americanism
• Anti-Americanism - Notes

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Bukharan Jews (Bukhoran Jews, Bukharian Jews) is a blanket term for Jews from the Central Asia speaking a dialect of Tajik language. They got their name from the Uzbek city of Bukhara, which once had a large community. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the vast majority have moved to the United States or to Israel. Bukharan Jews - Background. The Bukharan Jews trace their ancestry to Israelites who never came back from the Babylonian captivity after exile in the 7th century BCE. In Centr ...

Including:

• Bukharan Jews - Background
• Bukharan Jews - Name and language
• Bukharan Jews - History
• Bukharan Jews - Under the Soviet rule
• Bukharan Jews - After 1991
• Bukharan Jews - Culture
• Bukharan Jews - Cuisine
• Bukharan Jews - Music
• Bukharan Jews - Notable Bukharan Jews

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Yellow socialism was the name applied to a form of revisionist socialism which became prominent in the early twentieth century prior to World War I, as an alternative to Marxism (sometimes called "red socialism"). Yellow socialists rejected class struggle, the general strike and revolutionary socialism in general. The term "yellow socialism" was coined by a former member of the French Socialist Party, Pierre Biétry, in 1904 when he founded the "Fédération Nationale des Jaunes de France" (National Federation of Yellows ...

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The culture of Mexico reflects the complexity of Mexico's history through the blending of pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican civilizations and the culture of Spain, imparted during Spain's 300-year colonization of Mexico. More recently, influences from the United States have shaped Mexican culture, and to a lesser extent, influences from Europe, Africa, and Asia. Culture of Mexico - Language. Culture of Mexico - Native languages. Spanish is the official and predominant language of Mexico ...

Including:

• Culture of Mexico - Language
• Culture of Mexico - Native languages
• Culture of Mexico - Chingar
• Culture of Mexico - Relationships
• Culture of Mexico - Family
• Culture of Mexico - Community
• Culture of Mexico - International
• Culture of Mexico - Religion
• Culture of Mexico - Art
• Culture of Mexico - Literature and Poetry
• Culture of Mexico - Music
• Culture of Mexico - Cuisine
• Culture of Mexico - Sport

Read more here: » Culture of Mexico: Encyclopedia - Culture of Mexico

See main article: Iranian art Culture of Iran - Persian language and literature. See main article: Persian literature. See main article: Persian language. The Persian language has been in continuous use for over 2500 years. Yet it is a subset of the superset of Iranian languages. Persian literature inspired Goethe, Ralph Waldo Emerson and many others, and it has been often dubbed as a most worthy language to serve as a conduct for poetry. ...

Including:

• Culture of Iran - Persian Art
• Culture of Iran - Persian language and literature
• Culture of Iran - Iranian Cinema
• Culture of Iran - Persian Music
• Culture of Iran - Persian Architecture
• Culture of Iran - Persian rugs
• Culture of Iran - Persian Gardens
• Culture of Iran - Persian Cuisine
• Culture of Iran - Women in Persian culture
• Culture of Iran - Iranian traditional holidays
• Culture of Iran - Traditional cultural inheritors of the old Persia
• Culture of Iran - Persian contributions to humanity
• Culture of Iran - Sources

Read more here: » Culture of Iran: Encyclopedia - Culture of Iran

The term "Paris Commune" originally referred to the government of Paris during the French Revolution. However, the term more commonly refers to the socialist government that briefly ruled Paris from March 18 (more formally from March 26) to May 28, 1871. In a formal sense the Paris Commune of 1871 was simply the local authority (council of a town or district - French "commune") which exercised power in Paris for two months in the spring of 1871. But the conditions in which it was formed, its controversial decrees ...

Including:

• Paris Commune - Background
• Paris Commune - The rise and nature of the commune
• Paris Commune - The assault
• Paris Commune - The commune in retrospect
• Paris Commune - Other Communes
• Paris Commune - Fictional treatments

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The most general definition of nationalism is broad, and has been controversial throughout history. Specific examples of nationalism are extremely diverse. Extreme emotions are aroused when discussing nationalism, and that makes it difficult to describe and define nationalism. A recurring problem is that people define nationalism on the basis of their local experience. To a Breton nationalist, the central issue is state nationalism versus cultural nationalism; elsewhere that distinction may be irrelevant. Often supporters of nationalism fear ...

Including:

• Nationalism - Background and problems
• Nationalism - Issues in nationalism theory
• Nationalism - Historical evolution of nationalism
• Nationalism - Prior to 1900
• Nationalism - 20th Century nationalism
• Nationalism - Language and nationalism
• Nationalism - Prominent figures
• Nationalism - Types of nationalism
• Nationalism - Nationalism within nations
• Nationalism - Post-2001 nationalism in the United States
• Nationalism - Patriotism and extremism
• Nationalism - Racism
• Nationalism - Opposition and critique
• Nationalism - Historical effect of nationalism

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Zionology (Russian language: сионология sionologiya) was a doctrine promulgated in the Soviet Union during the course of the Cold War, and intensified after 1967 Six Day War. It was officially sponsored by the Department of Propaganda of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and by the KGB. Zionology - Background. Zionology was presented as a socio-political science, but there is little if any evidence that the Zionologists ever complied with the scientific method. In line with the ...

Including:

• Zionology - Background
• Zionology - Zionology sources

Read more here: » Zionology: Encyclopedia - Zionology

Patriotism denotes positive attitudes by a individuals to their own nation, to its national homeland, its culture, its members, and to its interests. The word is derived from the Latin patria, fatherland, which has a much broader meaning than a geographical territory. Patriotism - Usage and application. The word patriotism is used to describe emotions and attitudes, political views, symbolism, and specific acts, with respect to a nation, and to everything that is associated with a nation in the ideol ...

Including:

• Patriotism - Usage and application
• Patriotism - Forms of patriotism
• Patriotism - The ethics of patriotism
• Patriotism - Patriotism vs. universal brotherhood
• Patriotism - Patriotism for other countries?
• Patriotism - Patriotism and democracy
• Patriotism - An evolutionary origin of patriotism?
• Patriotism - Patriotism and religion
• Patriotism - Sources and further reading

Read more here: » Patriotism: Encyclopedia - Patriotism

Anthropology (from the Greek word άνθρωπος, "human" or "person") consists of the study of humanity (see genus Homo). It is holistic in two senses: it is concerned with all humans at all times, and with all dimensions of humanity. A primary trait that traditionally distinguished anthropology from other humanistic disciplines is an emphasis on cross-cultural comparisons. This distinction has, however, become increasingly the subject of controversy and debate, with anthropological methods now bein ...

Including:

• Anthropology - Historical and institutional context
• Anthropology - Anthropology in the U.S.
• Anthropology - Anthropology in Britain
• Anthropology - Anthropology in France
• Anthropology - Anthropology after World War Two
• Anthropology - Politics of anthropology
• Anthropology - Anthropological fields and subfields

Read more here: » Anthropology: Encyclopedia - Anthropology

Leela was born into the society of subterranean mutants who live in the sewers beneath New New York. Since her mutation was relatively minor, her parents deposited her on the steps of the Cookieville Minimum Security Orphanarium in order to spare her the degrading life of a mutant. Leela's mother (calling on her education in Exolinguistics) attached a note to Leela's blankets in an alien-like script, which convinced the head of the orphanarium that Leela was not from Earth. Her parents closely monitored her youth, periodically intervening to protect her from falling down stai ...

See also:

Turanga Leela, Turanga Leela - Biography, Turanga Leela - Love life, Turanga Leela - Sean, Turanga Leela - Zapp Brannigan, Turanga Leela - Chad, Turanga Leela - Adlai Atkins, Turanga Leela - Alcazar, Turanga Leela - Fry

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It has been argued that language plays a part in sexism, though it is disputed whether certain language causes sexism or sexism causes certain language (see the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis). At the most trivial level, sexist jokes play a part in the acts of many comedians, both male and female. Another example is gender-neutral language — the avoidance of gender-specific job titles, non-parallel usage, and other usage that is felt by some to be sexist. Opponents of such ideas often dismiss them as "political correctness gone mad." See also: stereotype, gender role, racism, rankism, triple oppression, p ...

See also:

Sexism, Sexism - Language, Sexism - Relation of sexism with homophobia, Sexism - Sexism and pornography

Read more here: » Sexism: Encyclopedia II - Sexism - Language

Public good - Dominant assurance contracts. Assurance contracts are contracts in which participants make a binding pledge to contribute to a contract for building a public good, contingent on a quorum of a predetermined size being reached. Otherwise their money is refunded. A dominant assurance contract is a variation in which an entrepreneur creates the contract and refunds the initial pledge plus an additional sum of money if the quorum is not reached. In game theory terms this makes pledging to build the public good a dominant strategy: the ...

See also:

Public good, Public good - Examples of public goods, Public good - Subtypes of public goods, Public good - The free rider problem, Public good - Possible solutions to the free rider problem, Public good - Dominant assurance contracts, Public good - Coasian solution, Public good - Government provision, Public good - Subsidies, Public good - Privileged group, Public good - Merging of free riders, Public good - Legislated exclusion, Public good - Non-individualism, Public good - Efficient production levels of public goods, Public good - Criticism of public goods theory, Public good - Empirical discrepancies with public goods theory, Public good - Subjective value criticisms, Public good - Assumptions regarding government provision, Public good - Normative criticism, Public good - External sources

Read more here: » Public good: Encyclopedia II - Public good - Possible solutions to the free rider problem

Zionology was presented as a socio-political science, but there is little if any evidence that the Zionologists ever complied with the scientific method. In line with the official Soviet anti-Israel and anti-West policies, they frequently recycled anti-Semitic libels in the Marxist context. Zionism, the national movement for the return of the Jewish people to Zion and their self-determination there, formed under strong leftist and socialist influences, was misrepresented according to the Communist Party policies. In his 1969 book B ...

See also:

Zionology, Zionology - Background, Zionology - Zionology sources

Read more here: » Zionology: Encyclopedia II - Zionology - Background

Patriotism is an essentially emotional support for the nation, the homeland. It is not intended to have a rational foundation: soldiers do not fight for a country because it produces more cement than the enemy, but because it is their country. Their patriotism pre-supposes its existence — but not everyone agrees with that. Some Islamists, for instance, reject the legitimacy of the nation-state as such, and despise patriotism as un-Islamic. The loyalty of the Muslim, they say, can only be to the Ummah, the community of all Muslims. I ...

See also:

Patriotism, Patriotism - Usage and application, Patriotism - Forms of patriotism, Patriotism - The ethics of patriotism, Patriotism - Patriotism vs. universal brotherhood, Patriotism - Patriotism for other countries?, Patriotism - Patriotism and democracy, Patriotism - An evolutionary origin of patriotism?, Patriotism - Patriotism and religion, Patriotism - Sources and further reading

Read more here: » Patriotism: Encyclopedia II - Patriotism - The ethics of patriotism

Anthropology's traditional involvement with nonwestern cultures has involved it in politics in many different ways. Some political problems arise simply because anthropologists usually have more power than the people they study. Some have argued that the discipline is a form of colonialist theft in which the anthropologist gains power at the expense of subjects. The anthropologist, they argue, can gain yet more power by exploiting knowledge and artifacts of the people she or he studies while the people she or he studies gain nothing, ...

See also:

Anthropology, Anthropology - Historical and institutional context, Anthropology - Anthropology in the U.S., Anthropology - Anthropology in Britain, Anthropology - Anthropology in France, Anthropology - Anthropology after World War Two, Anthropology - Politics of anthropology, Anthropology - Anthropological fields and subfields

Read more here: » Anthropology: Encyclopedia II - Anthropology - Politics of anthropology

Internationalism politics - The left vs right balance. Contemporary free market globalization is not internationalist. It promotes purely economic integration, while ignoring the political and social aspects. In addition, it promotes a very different economic system than the one advocated by internationalists. The Left speaks more and more of a "globalization of solidarity". The modern anti-globalization movement is internationalist in nature, and often advances the notion of alter-globalization. Inter ...

See also:

Internationalism politics, Internationalism politics - The Modern Ideal of Internationalism, Internationalism politics - The various trends of internationalism, Internationalism politics - The left vs right balance, Internationalism politics - The sovereign nations vs supranational powers balance, Internationalism politics - Other Uses of the Term

Read more here: » Internationalism politics: Encyclopedia II - Internationalism politics - The various trends of internationalism