The Chatti (also Catti) were an ancient Germanic tribe settled in central and northern Hesse and southern Lower Saxony, along the upper reaches of the Weser river and in the valleys and mountains of the Eder, Fulda and Werra river regions, a district approximately corresponding to Hesse-Cassel, though probably somewhat more extensive. According to Tacitus (Histories iv. under AD 70 [1]), among them were the Batavii, until an internal quarrel drove them out, to ...

Including:

Chatti - Chasuarii

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Including:

Arminius - External link

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Odin is considered the highest god in Norse mythology and Norse paganism. His role, like many of the Norse pantheon, is complex: he is god of both wisdom and war. He is also attested as being a god of magic, poetry, victory, and the hunt. His name is, in Old Norse, Óðinn. Although its precise meaning is debated, the name is thought to be related to the word óðr, meaning "excitation" or "fury". Worship of Odin dates to Proto-Germanic paganism, and the names Old English (and Old Saxon) Wōden; Old ...

Including:

Odin - Etymology Odin - General characteristics Odin - Odin and Mercury Odin - Celtic parallels Odin - Eddaic Odin
Odin - Attributes Odin - Names
Odin - Anglo-Saxon Woden Odin - Worship
Odin - Sacrifices Odin - Shamanic traits Odin - Odin and Jesus
Odin - Medieval reception
Odin - Persisting beliefs in Odin
Odin - Modern age Odin - Notes Odin - Literature

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Büraburg, a prominent hill with historic significance, overlooking the Eder river near the town of Fritzlar in northern Hesse. In 723 A.D., the Anglo-Saxon missionary Winfrid -- later called St. Boniface, apostle of the Germans -- arrived in the area on his mission to convert the central and northern German tribes to Christianity and made Büraburg, then a fortified Frankish settlement, his temporary base. Seeking to demonstrate the superiority of the Christian god over the Germanic gods, he and his followers felled a sacred oak dedi ...

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The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were an alliance of warbands formed from Germanic tribes, first mentioned by Dio Cassius when they fought Caracalla in 213. They apparently dwelt in the basin of the Main, to the south of the Chatti. Alamanni - Tribal connections. The Alamanni emerged from the Irminones. According to Asinius Quadratus their name —"all men"—indicates that they were a conglomeration of various tribes formed into warbands, similar to the contemporary Huns. Another source < ...

Including:

Alamanni - Tribal connections Alamanni - Conflicts with the Roman Empire
Alamanni - List of battles between Romans and Alamanni
Alamanni - Alamanni and Franks Alamanni - List of Alamannic rulers Alamanni - Christianization Alamanni - Modern Alemanni

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In the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (A.D. 9), an alliance of Germanic tribes led by Arminius (since the 16th century known in German as Hermann), the son of Segimerus of the Cherusci, ambushed and wiped out three Legions of unsuspecting Roman allies. The battle established the Rhine as the boundary of the Roman Empire for the next few hundred years, until the decline of the Roman influence in the West. Battle of the Teutoburg Forest - The defeat of Varus. The Roman force was led by Publius Q ...

Including:

Battle of the Teutoburg Forest - The defeat of Varus Battle of the Teutoburg Forest - Aftermath Battle of the Teutoburg Forest - The Detmold memorial Battle of the Teutoburg Forest - Site of the battle Battle of the Teutoburg Forest - Ancient sources Battle of the Teutoburg Forest - Portrayal in fiction

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In 723, the Anglo-Saxon missionary Winfrid -- later called St. Boniface, Apostle of the Germans -- arrived in the area in his quest to convert the northern German tribes to Christianity, using as his base the Frankish fortified settlement of Büraburg on the opposite side of the Eder river. He had the oak felled in an attempt to convey superiority of the Christian god over Thor and the native Germanic religion. According to surviving texts, when Thor did not respond by hurling a lightning bolt at him, an amount of the assembl ...

See also:

Thor's Oak, Thor's Oak - History

Read more here: » Thor's Oak: Encyclopedia II - Thor's Oak - History

The city's name is derived from the ancient Castellum Cattorum, a castle of the Chatti, a German tribe that has lived in the area since Roman times. Kassel as such is first mentioned in 913 as the place where two deeds were signed by king Conrad I. The place was called Chasella and was a fortification at a bridge crossing the Fulda river. A deed from 1189 certifies that Kassel had city rights, but the date ...

See also:

Kassel, Kassel - History, Kassel - Twinning, Kassel - Sights, Kassel - Transportation, Kassel - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Kassel: Encyclopedia II - Kassel - History

Main article: Holy Roman Empire. History of Germany - Middle Ages. From 772 to 814 king Charlemagne extended the Carolingian empire into northern Italy and the territories of all west Germanic peoples, including the Saxons and the Bajuwari (Bavarians). In 800 Charlemagne's authority in Western Europe was confirmed by his coronation as emperor in Rome. The Holy Roman Empire was established. The Frankish empire was divided into counties, and its frontiers were protected by border Marches. Imperial strongholds (Kaiserpfalzen) became econo ...

See also:

History of Germany, History of Germany - The Germans and the Romans, History of Germany - Holy Roman Empire, History of Germany - Middle Ages, History of Germany - Reformation and Thirty Years War, History of Germany - End of the Holy Roman Empire, History of Germany - German Confederation, History of Germany - Restoration and Revolution, History of Germany - North German Confederation, History of Germany - German Empire, History of Germany - Age of Bismarck, History of Germany - Wilhelminian Era, History of Germany - Weimar Republic, History of Germany - Third Reich, History of Germany - Nazi revolution or 'Seizure of Power', History of Germany - Expansion and defeat, History of Germany - Germany since 1945

Read more here: » History of Germany: Encyclopedia II - History of Germany - Holy Roman Empire

The Carolingian kingship traditionally begins with the deposition of the last Merovingian king, with papal assent, and the accession in 751 of Pippin the Short, father of Charlemagne. Pippin had succeeded his own father, Charles Martel, as Mayor of the Palace of a reunited and re-erected Frankish kingdom comprised of the formerly independent parts. Pippin reigned as an elected king. Although such elections happened infrequently, a general rule in Germanic law stated that the king relied on the support of his leading men. These men res ...

See also:

Franks, Franks - The earliest records of the Franks, Franks - Foundation of the Frankish kingdom, Franks - The Merovingians, Franks - Clovis, Franks - The Carolingians, Franks - Charlemagne, Franks - Later Carolingians, Franks - Carolingian legacy, Franks - Crusaders and other Western Europeans as Franks

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The state now known as Germany was unified as a modern nation-state only in 1871, when the German Empire, dominated by the Kingdom of Prussia, was forged. This was the second German Reich, usually translated as "empire", but also meaning "kingdom", "domain" or "realm." (Königreich means "kingdom", and Reich- as in Reichskanzler was analogous to Royal- or calling the State the Crown in Commonwealth countries. Today the analogous entity is called der Bund, as in Bundeskanzler, the Federal Chancellor.)See also:

Germany, Germany - History, Germany - Early history of the Germanic tribes 100 BC-300 AD, Germany - Migration Period and Franks 300-843, Germany - The Holy Roman Empire 843–1806, Germany - Restoration and revolution 1814–1871, Germany - German Empire 1871–1918, Germany - Weimar Republic 1919–1933, Germany - Third Reich 1933–1945, Germany - Division and reunification 1945–1990, Germany - Politics, Germany - Legal system, Germany - Foreign Relations, Germany - Armed Forces, Germany - Energy policy, Germany - Geography, Germany - Federal States Länder, Germany - Territory, Germany - Climate, Germany - Economy, Germany - Exports, Germany - Imports, Germany - Agriculture, Germany - Industrial sector, Germany - Service sector, Germany - Natural resources, Germany - Society, Germany - Demographics, Germany - Religion, Germany - Education, Germany - Transportation, Germany - Social issues, Germany - Culture, Germany - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Germany: Encyclopedia II - Germany - History

Odin is an ambivalent deity; Old Norse (Viking Age) connotations of Odin lie with "poetry, inspiration" as well as with "fury, madness": Several myths do associate Odin with wisdom and poetry. Odin left his eye in the purifying waters of Mimir's spring for wisdom. Odin gives to worthy poets the mead of inspiration from the vessel Óð-rœrir.[1] Odin is associated with the concept of the Wild Hunt, a noisy, bellowing movement across the sky, leading a host of the sl ...

See also:

Odin, Odin - Characteristics, Odin - Origins, Odin - Seid, Odin - Blót, Odin - Edda, Odin - Attributes, Odin - Names, Odin - Odin and Jesus, Odin - Persisting beliefs in Odin, Odin - Modern age, Odin - Modern popular culture, Odin - Germanic neopaganism, Odin - Notes, Odin - Literature

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Before 35 (N.H. xxxvii.81) his father took him to Rome, where he was educated under his father's friend, the poet and military commander, Publius Pomponius Secundus, who inspired him with a lifelong love of learning. Two centuries after the death of the Gracchi, Pliny saw some of their autograph writings in his preceptor's library (xiii.83), and he afterwards wrote that preceptor's Life. He mentions the grammarians and rhetoricians, Remmius Palaemon and Arellius Fuscus (xiv.4; xxxiii.152), and he may have been their studen ...

See also:

Pliny the Elder, Pliny the Elder - Chronology, Pliny the Elder - Vesuvius, Pliny the Elder - Literature, Pliny the Elder - Research after 1500

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The state now known as Germany was unified as a modern nation-state only in 1871, when the German Empire, dominated by the Kingdom of Prussia, was forged. This was the second German Reich, usually translated as "empire", but also meaning "kingdom", "domain" or "realm." (Königreich means "kingdom", and Reich- as in Reichskanzler was analogous to Royal- or calling the State the Crown in Commonwealth countries. Today the analogous entity is called der Bund, as in Bundeskanzler (Federal Chancellor).) Germany - Early history of the Ge ...

See also:

Germany, Germany - History, Germany - Early history of the Germanic tribes 100 BC-300 AD, Germany - Migration Period and Franks 300-843, Germany - The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation 843–1806, Germany - Restoration and revolution 1814–1871, Germany - German Empire 1871–1918, Germany - Weimar Republic 1919–1933, Germany - Third Reich 1933–1945, Germany - Division and reunification 1945–1990, Germany - Politics, Germany - Legal system, Germany - Foreign Relations, Germany - Armed Forces, Germany - Energy policy, Germany - Geography, Germany - States Länder, Germany - Territory, Germany - Climate, Germany - Economy, Germany - Exports, Germany - Imports, Germany - Agriculture, Germany - Industrial sector, Germany - Service sector, Germany - Natural resources, Germany - Society, Germany - Demographics, Germany - Religion, Germany - Education, Germany - Social issues, Germany - Culture, Germany - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Germany: Encyclopedia II - Germany - History

The state now known as Germany was unified as a modern nation-state only in 1871, when the German Empire, dominated by the Kingdom of Prussia, was forged. This was the second German Reich, usually translated as "empire", but also meaning "kingdom", "domain" or "realm." (Königreich means "kingdom", and Reich- as in Reichskanzler was analogous to Royal- or calling the State the Crown in Commonwealth countries. Today the analogous entity is called der Bund, as in Bundeskanzler (Federal Chancellor).)See also:

Germany, Germany - History, Germany - Early history of the Germanic tribes 100 BC-300 AD, Germany - Migration Period and Franks 300-843, Germany - The Holy Roman Empire 843–1806, Germany - Restoration and revolution 1814–1871, Germany - German Empire 1871–1918, Germany - Weimar Republic 1919–1933, Germany - Third Reich 1933–1945, Germany - Division and reunification 1945–1990, Germany - Politics, Germany - Legal system, Germany - Foreign Relations, Germany - Armed Forces, Germany - Energy policy, Germany - Geography, Germany - Federal States Länder, Germany - Territory, Germany - Climate, Germany - Economy, Germany - Exports, Germany - Imports, Germany - Agriculture, Germany - Industrial sector, Germany - Service sector, Germany - Natural resources, Germany - Society, Germany - Demographics, Germany - Religion, Germany - Education, Germany - Social issues, Germany - Culture, Germany - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Germany: Encyclopedia II - Germany - History

The state now known as Germany was unified as a modern nation-state only in 1871, when the German Empire, dominated by the Kingdom of Prussia, was forged. This was the second German Reich, usually translated as "empire", but also meaning "kingdom", "domain" or "realm." (Königreich means "kingdom", and Reich- as in Reichskanzler was analogous to Royal- or calling the State the Crown in Commonwealth countries. Today the analogous entity is called der Bund, as in Bundeskanzler (Fed ...

See also:

Germany, Germany - History, Germany - Early history of the Germanic tribes 100 BC-300 AD, Germany - Migration Period and Franks 300-843, Germany - The Holy Roman Empire 843–1806, Germany - Restoration and revolution 1814–1871, Germany - German Empire 1871–1918, Germany - Weimar Republic 1919–1933, Germany - Third Reich 1933–1945, Germany - Division and reunification 1945–1990, Germany - Politics, Germany - Legal system, Germany - Foreign Relations, Germany - Armed Forces, Germany - Energy policy, Germany - Geography, Germany - Federal States Bundesländer, Germany - Territory, Germany - Climate, Germany - Economy, Germany - Exports, Germany - Imports, Germany - Agriculture, Germany - Industrial sector, Germany - Service sector, Germany - Natural resources, Germany - Society, Germany - Demographics, Germany - Religion, Germany - Education, Germany - Social issues, Germany - Culture, Germany - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Germany: Encyclopedia II - Germany - History

They were mentioned by Julius Caesar in his commentary Gallic Wars, as living on an island formed by the Meuse River after it is joined by the Waal, 80 Roman miles from the mouth of the river. He said there were many other islands formed by branches of the Rhine, inhabited by savage and barbarous nations, some of whom were supposed to live on fish and the eggs of sea-fowl. Tacitus named the Mattiaci as a similar tribe under homage, but on the other side of the Rhine. The areas inhabited by the Batavians were never occupied by the R ...

See also:

Batavii, Batavii - Location, Batavii - Military units

Read more here: » Batavii: Encyclopedia II - Batavii - Location

Julius Caesar in his De Bello Gallico identified six gods worshipped in Gaul, giving the names of their nearest Roman equivalents rather than their Gaulish names. He said that "Mercury" was the god most revered in Gaul, describing him as patron of trade and commerce, protector of travellers, and the inventor of all the arts. The Irish god Lug bore the epithet samildánach (skilled in all arts), which has led to the identification of Caesar's Mercury as Lugus. Juliette Wood interprets his name as deriving from Proto-Celtic *lugios, oath, which would support this identification od Mercury as a god of contracts. < ...

See also:

Lugus, Lugus - Gaulish Mercury, Lugus - Iconography, Lugus - Triplism, Lugus - Sacred Sites, Lugus - Continuity in later Celtic narratives, Lugus - Foreign Parallels, Lugus - Etymology, Lugus - Survival of the name in toponyms, Lugus - Bibliography

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The element Pradesh appears in the names of many Indian states. It means "land" or "province" in Sanskrit. Andhra Pradesh: Land of the Andhras. Andhra also denotes "south" in Sanskrit - the equivalent of Australis in Latin. Arunachal Pradesh: In Sanskrit, aruna means "dawn-lit" and anchal "mountains" Bihar - from vihara ("Buddhist monastery"). Foreign invaders often used abandoned viharas as military cantonments; the word Bihar may have come from the large number ...

See also:

List of subnational name etymologies, List of subnational name etymologies - Australia, List of subnational name etymologies - Austria, List of subnational name etymologies - Belgium, List of subnational name etymologies - Canada, List of subnational name etymologies - People's Republic of China, List of subnational name etymologies - Czech Republic, List of subnational name etymologies - Denmark, List of subnational name etymologies - Finland, List of subnational name etymologies - France, List of subnational name etymologies - Germany, List of subnational name etymologies - Greece, List of subnational name etymologies - India, List of subnational name etymologies - Iran, List of subnational name etymologies - Italy, List of subnational name etymologies - Korea, List of subnational name etymologies - Mexico, List of subnational name etymologies - Netherlands, List of subnational name etymologies - New Zealand, List of subnational name etymologies - Pakistan, List of subnational name etymologies - Papua New Guinea, List of subnational name etymologies - Poland, List of subnational name etymologies - Romania, List of subnational name etymologies - Russia, List of subnational name etymologies - Spain, List of subnational name etymologies - Switzerland, List of subnational name etymologies - Republic of China Taiwan, List of subnational name etymologies - Ukraine, List of subnational name etymologies - United Kingdom, List of subnational name etymologies - United States

Read more here: » List of subnational name etymologies: Encyclopedia II - List of subnational name etymologies - India

Franks - Foundation. In 355–358, the later Emperor Julian once again found the shipping lanes on the Rhine under control of the Franks and again pacified them. Rome granted a considerable part of Gallia Belgica to the Franks. From this time on they became foederati of the Roman Empire. A region roughly corresponding to present-day Flanders and the Netherlands south of the rivers remains a Germanic-speaking region to this day. (The West Germanic language known as Dutch predominates there now.) The Franks thus became ...

See also:

Franks, Franks - The earliest records of the Franks, Franks - The Frankish Empire, Franks - Foundation, Franks - The Merovingians, Franks - The Carolingians, Franks - Carolingian legacy, Franks - Crusaders and other Western Europeans as Franks

Read more here: » Franks: Encyclopedia II - Franks - The Frankish Empire