Charles II (Carlos Segundo) of Spain (November 6, 1661–November 1, 1700) was king of Spain, Naples, and Sicily, nearly all of Italy (except Piedmont, the Papal States and Venice), and Spain's overseas Empire, stretching from Mexico to the Philippines. Charles was the only surviving son of his Habsburg predecessor, King Philip IV of Spain and his second Queen (and niece), Mariana of Austria, another Habsburg. His birth was greeted with joy by the Spaniards, who feared the disputed succession w ...

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• Charles II of Spain - Reign
• Charles II of Spain - Assuring the Succession

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The years of Charles II were agonizing for Spain. The economy was stagnant, there was hunger in the land, and the power of the monarchy over the various Spanish provinces was extremely weak. Charles' unfitness for rule meant he was often ignored and power during his reign became the subject of court intrigues and foreign, particularly French, influence. His mother was his regent during much of his reign. Though she was exiled by the king's illegitimate brother John of Austria the Younger (not the similarly named Don John of Austria), she return ...

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Charles II of Spain, Charles II of Spain - Reign, Charles II of Spain - Assuring the Succession

Read more here: » Charles II of Spain: Encyclopedia II - Charles II of Spain - Reign

The years of Charles II were agonizing for Spain. The economy was stagnant, there was hunger in the land, and the power of the monarchy over the various Spanish provinces was extremely weak. Charles' unfitness for rule meant he was often ignored and power during his reign became the subject of court intrigues and foreign, particularly French, influence. His mother was his regent during much of his reign. Though she was exiled by the king's illegitimate brother John of Austria the Younger, she return ...

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Charles II of Spain, Charles II of Spain - Reign, Charles II of Spain - Assuring the Succession

Read more here: » Charles II of Spain: Encyclopedia II - Charles II of Spain - Reign

1630s 1640s 1650s - 1660s - 1670s 1680s 1690s 1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 1660s - Events and Trends. Samuel Pepys begins his famous diary in 1660 and ends it, due to failing eyesight in 1669. The Great Plague 1665 in England. It is considered an outbreak of bubonic plague. The Great Fire of London 1666. Most of the City of London is destroyed. However, many of the rats considered responsible for the Great Plague are burned and the epidem ...

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• 1660s - Events and Trends
• 1660s - World Leaders

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The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house. Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty held thrones in Spain and southern Italy; other Bourbons held important duchies. Spain currently has a Bourbon monarch. Bourbon monarchs ruled Navarre (from 1555) and France (from 1589 until the 1792 overthrow of the monarchy during the French Revolution. Restored briefly in 1814 and definitively in 1815 after the fall of the First French Empire, the sen ...

Including:

• House of Bourbon - Origin of the House of Bourbon
• House of Bourbon - The rise of Henry IV
• House of Bourbon - The Early Bourbon Kings of France
• House of Bourbon - Early Bourbons of Spain and Italy
• House of Bourbon - The Bourbons During the French Revolution
• House of Bourbon - The Bourbon Restoration in France and its aftermath
• House of Bourbon - Later Bourbon monarchs outside France
• House of Bourbon - List of Bourbon rulers
• House of Bourbon - Monarchs of France
• House of Bourbon - Monarchs of Spain
• House of Bourbon - Other signifigant Bourbon branches

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Charles - List of nobility having Charles as first name. Austria Archduke Charles Charles I of Austria Belgium Charles, Prince of Belgium Bohemia Karel I, King of Bohemia Karel II, King of Bohemia Karel III, King of Bohemia Burgundy Charles the Bold France Charles I of France (Charlemagne) Charles I, Holy Roman ...

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• Charles - List of nobility having Charles as first name
• Charles - Other people named Charles
• Charles - Fictional Characters

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This is a list of the counts of Burgundy (i.e., of the region known as "Franche-Comté", not to be confused with the Duchy of Burgundy) from 867 to 1678. Odo (count of Mâcon, Dijon, Autun, and Burgundy, 867-870) Rodfried (870-895) Hugh the Black (921-952) Otto William (986-1026) Renaud I (1026-1057) William I the Great (1057-1087, also count of Mâcon, 1078-1085 Renaud II (1087-1097, also count of Mâcon, 1085) Stephen I (titular count, 1097-1102) Re ...

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1661 - Events. January 6 - The fifth monarchy men unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London. George Monck's regiment defeats them February 5 - The Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty of China dies and is succeeded by his son the Kangxi Emperor. February 14 - George Monck’s regiment becomes The Lord General's Regiment of Foot Guards (which later becomes Coldstream Guards) April 23 - King Charles II of England, Scotland, Ireland crowned in Westminster ...

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• 1661 - Events
• 1661 - Births
• 1661 - Deaths

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1665 - Events. March 4 - Start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War. March 6 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society begins publication. March 16 - Bucharest allows Jews to settle in the city in exchange of annual tax of 16 guilders. June 3 - The Duke of York defeats the Dutch Fleet off the coast of Lowestoft. June 15 - Jean-Baptiste Denis makes the first blood transfusion from lamb to human. June 12 - England installs a municipal government in New York ...

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• 1665 - Events
• 1665 - Births
• 1665 - Deaths

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1650s 1660s 1670s - 1680s - 1690s 1700s 1710s 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689 1680s - Events and Trends. The Treaty of Ratisbon between France and England in 1684 ended the Age of Buccaneers. Isaac Newton publishes Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, where he introduces Newton's laws of motion and his theory of gravity. 1680s - World Leaders. King Christian V of Denmark (1670 - 1699).< ...

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• 1680s - Events and Trends
• 1680s - World Leaders

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1700 in topic: Arts Architecture - Literature - Music Other topics Canada - Mexico - Science Lists of leaders: Colonial governors - State leaders From Categories: births - deaths 1700 - Events. January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. January 1 - in around this year, Germany and Denmark-Norway adopt the Gregorian calendar, in ...

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• 1700 - Events
• 1700 - Births
• 1700 - Deaths

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The Count of St. Germain († February 27, 1784) was a courtier, adventurer, inventor, amateur scientist, violinist, amateur composer, and a mysterious gentleman; he also displayed some skills with the practice of alchemy. Since his death, various mystical organizations have adopted him as a model figure. In recent years several people have claimed to be the Count of St. Germain, but these claims generally have not been taken seriously. Count of St Germain - Life. St. Germain never revealed his actual backg ...

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• Count of St Germain - Life
• Count of St Germain - Legends
• Count of St Germain - Biographies
• Count of St Germain - Fiction

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1640s 1650s 1660s - 1670s - 1680s 1690s 1700s 1670 1671 1672 1673 1674 1675 1676 1677 1678 1679 1670s - Events and Trends. Newton and Leibniz independently discover calculus. 1670s - World Leaders. King Frederick III of Denmark (1648 - 1670). King Christian V of Denmark (1670 - 1699). King Charles II of England and Scotland (1660 - 1685). King Louis XIV of France (1643 - 1715). Leopold I, Holy ...

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• 1670s - Events and Trends
• 1670s - World Leaders

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Henry granted the Edict of Nantes April 13, 1598, establishing Catholicism as an official state religion, but otherwise assuring the Huguenots equal rights with the Catholics. This compromise ended the religious wars in France. That same year the Treaty of Vervins ended the war with Spain, adjusted the Spanish-French border, and resulted in a belated recognition by Spain of Henry as king of France. Ably assisted by Maximilien de Béthune, duc de Sully, Henry reduced the land tax known as the taille; promoted agriculture, public ...

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House of Bourbon, House of Bourbon - Origin of the House of Bourbon, House of Bourbon - The rise of Henry IV, House of Bourbon - The Early Bourbon Kings of France, House of Bourbon - Early Bourbons of Spain and Italy, House of Bourbon - The Bourbons During the French Revolution, House of Bourbon - The Bourbon Restoration in France and its aftermath, House of Bourbon - Later Bourbon monarchs outside France, House of Bourbon - List of Bourbon rulers, House of Bourbon - Monarchs of France, House of Bourbon - Monarchs of Spain, House of Bourbon - Other significant Bourbon branches

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A swung dash (~) is used to indicate where the personal name occurs in the nickname; thus "~ the Accursed" means "Sviatopolk the Accursed". List of monarchs by nickname - A. "~ the Accursed": Sviatopolk I of Kiev (Russian: Святопо́лк Окая́нный) "~ (the) Ætheling" (Old English, "Princeling"): Edgar Ætheling of England (Old English Eadgar Æþeling) "~ the Affable": Charles VIII of France (Frenc ...

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List of monarchs by nickname, List of monarchs by nickname - Cognomen, List of monarchs by nickname - A, List of monarchs by nickname - B, List of monarchs by nickname - C, List of monarchs by nickname - D, List of monarchs by nickname - E, List of monarchs by nickname - F, List of monarchs by nickname - G, List of monarchs by nickname - H, List of monarchs by nickname - I, List of monarchs by nickname - J, List of monarchs by nickname - K, List of monarchs by nickname - L, List of monarchs by nickname - M, List of monarchs by nickname - N, List of monarchs by nickname - O, List of monarchs by nickname - P, List of monarchs by nickname - Q, List of monarchs by nickname - R, List of monarchs by nickname - S, List of monarchs by nickname - T, List of monarchs by nickname - U, List of monarchs by nickname - V, List of monarchs by nickname - W, List of monarchs by nickname - Y, List of monarchs by nickname - Sobriquets

Read more here: » List of monarchs by nickname: Encyclopedia II - List of monarchs by nickname - Cognomen

In his mid-life, Arbuthnot, complaining of the work of Edmund Curll and Charles Gildon, among others, who would commission and invent a biography as soon as an author died, said, "Biography is one of the new terrors of death," and so a biography of Arbuthnot is made difficult by his own reluctance to leave records. Further, Alexander Pope noted that Arbuthnot allowed his infant children to play with, and even burn, his writings. Arbuthnot was born in Kincardineshire, on the northeastern coast of Scotland, son of Rev Alexander A ...

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John Arbuthnot, John Arbuthnot - Biography, John Arbuthnot - As a Scribleran, John Arbuthnot - Life during the Hanoverians, John Arbuthnot - Literary significance

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At age 17, Henrietta married her first cousin, Philippe duc d'Orléans, who was the younger son of her maternal uncle Louis XIII and the only brother of Louis XIV, then King of France. The wedding was held at the Chapel Palais Royal in Paris on March 31, 1661. The marriage was unhappy, since her husband was a flamboyant bisexual; it is also said that Henrietta-Anne had a secret affair with her brother-in-law Louis XIV, although ...

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Henrietta Anne Stuart, Henrietta Anne Stuart - Early life, Henrietta Anne Stuart - Duchess d'Orléans, Henrietta Anne Stuart - Diplomacy, Henrietta Anne Stuart - External link

Read more here: » Henrietta Anne Stuart: Encyclopedia II - Henrietta Anne Stuart - Duchess d'Orléans

At the beginning of the 18th century, King Philip V of Spain promulgated the Salic Law, thus declaring illegal the inheritance of the Spanish crown by women. The idea was to avoid having the Habsburgs recover the throne by way of the female dynastic line. A century later, King Ferdinand VII of Spain had a great problem: he did not have a male descendant. He only had two daughters, Isabella (later known as Isabella II of Spain) and Louise Ferdinand (grandmother of the later king Alfonso XIII of Spain). So he promulgated the Pragmát ...

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First Carlist War, First Carlist War - Background, First Carlist War - The contenders, First Carlist War - The war, First Carlist War - The end of the war

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Ferdinand de Lesseps - Diplomatic. In 1828 Ferdinand was sent as an assistant vice-consul to Tunis, where his father was consul-general. He courageously aided the escape of Youssouff, pursued by the soldiers of the Bey, of whom he was one of the officers, for violation of the seraglio law. Youssouff acknowledged this protection given by a Frenchman by distinguishing himself in the ranks of the French army at the time of the conquest of Algeria. Ferdinand de Lesseps was also entrusted by his father with missions t ...

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Ferdinand de Lesseps, Ferdinand de Lesseps - Background, Ferdinand de Lesseps - Career, Ferdinand de Lesseps - Diplomatic, Ferdinand de Lesseps - Suez Canal, Ferdinand de Lesseps - Panama Canal attempt, Ferdinand de Lesseps - Death

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Philip IV of Spain - Siblings. Anne of Austria (1601 - 1666), who became Queen of France; Ferdinand, who became Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands Philip IV of Spain - Children. With Elizabeth Bourbon (or Elisabeth of France, 1603-1644, daughter of Henry IV of France) - married 1615 at Burgos Infanta Maria Margarita (1621) Infanta Margarita Maria Catalina (1623) Infanta Maria Eugenia (1625-1627) Infanta Isabel Mari ...

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Philip IV of Spain, Philip IV of Spain - Family, Philip IV of Spain - Siblings, Philip IV of Spain - Children, Philip IV of Spain - In fiction

Read more here: » Philip IV of Spain: Encyclopedia II - Philip IV of Spain - Family