Charles Haughey

Garret FitzGerald was born in Dublin in 1926 into a very politically active family. His father was the London-born and reared Desmond FitzGerald, the Minister for External Affairs at the time of his son's birth. Fitzgerald senior had been active in Sinn Féin during the Anglo-Irish War, and had been one of the founders of Cumann na nGaedhael, the party formed to support the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, which created the Irish Free State. Though a senior figure on the 'pro-treaty' side of Ireland's political divide, Desmond FitzGerald had rema ...

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Garret FitzGerald, Garret FitzGerald - Early life, Garret FitzGerald - Early political life, Garret FitzGerald - Minister for Foreign Affairs, Garret FitzGerald - Leader of Fine Gael, Garret FitzGerald - Taoiseach 1981-1982, Garret FitzGerald - Taoiseach 1982-1987, Garret FitzGerald - Constitutional reform, Garret FitzGerald - Northern Ireland, Garret FitzGerald - Post-Taoiseach period, Garret FitzGerald - Assessment, Garret FitzGerald - FitzGerald's first government June 1981-March 1982, Garret FitzGerald - Changes, Garret FitzGerald - FitzGerald's Second Government December 1982-March 1987, Garret FitzGerald - Changes

Read more here: » Garret FitzGerald: Encyclopedia II - Garret FitzGerald - Early life

The office of Lord Lieutenant, like the English and British government in Ireland was generally unpopular with Irish nationalists, though it was supported with varying degrees of enthusiasm by the Irish unionist community. Some Lords Lieutenants did earn a measure of popularity in a personal capacity among nationalists. From the early nineteenth century, calls were made frequently for the abolition of the office and its replacement by a Secretary of State for Ireland. Though on one occasion, a Bill was even introduced by one government to make thi ...

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Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland - Official Residence, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland - Role in Government, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland - Irish Attitudes towards the Lord Lieutenant

Read more here: » Lord Lieutenant of Ireland: Encyclopedia II - Lord Lieutenant of Ireland - Irish Attitudes towards the Lord Lieutenant

Data as-of Nov 2005 List of Irish politicians - Oldest living former office-holders. Kit Ahern, former TD (born 1915) Conor Cruise O'Brien, former Minister (born 1917) Pádraig Faulkner, former Minister (born 1918) Liam Cosgrave, former Taoiseach (born 1920) James Dooge, former Senator/Minister (born 1922) Patrick Hillery, former President (born 1923)

1971: First British soldier on security duties, Gunner Curtis, killed by the IRA in current campaign in North Belfast. Three unarmed British soldiers abducted while off duty in Belfast and subsequently shot. IRA suspected but responsibility never admitted. 1971: Mother of ten, Jean McConville, is abducted and killed by the Provisional IRA, allegedly for informing the British Army of IRA activities, although her family contend that she was killed for comforting a wounded British soldier. The IRA would deny any involveme ...

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Provisional Irish Republican Army, Provisional Irish Republican Army - Origins, Provisional Irish Republican Army - Organisation, Provisional Irish Republican Army - Weaponry and operations, Provisional Irish Republican Army - Categorisation, Provisional Irish Republican Army - Strength and support, Provisional Irish Republican Army - Activities, Provisional Irish Republican Army - The Belfast Agreement, Provisional Irish Republican Army - End of the armed campaign, Provisional Irish Republican Army - Notable events, Provisional Irish Republican Army - P. O'Neill, Provisional Irish Republican Army - Infiltration, Provisional Irish Republican Army - Footnotes

Read more here: » Provisional Irish Republican Army: Encyclopedia II - Provisional Irish Republican Army - Notable events

Aiken became a source of controversy in mid 1932 when he, along with Vice President of the Executive Council Sean T. O'Kelly publically snubbed the Governor-General of the Irish Free State James McNeill, by staging a public walkout at a function in the French legation in Dublin. McNeill privately wrote to Eamon de Valera, the President of the Executive Council, to complain at what media reports called the "boorishness" of Aiken and O'Kelly's behaviour. While agreeing that the situation was "regrettable" de Valera, instead of chastising the m ...

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Frank Aiken, Frank Aiken - Irish Republican Army involvement, Frank Aiken - Founder of Fianna Fáil & government minister, Frank Aiken - Clash with the Governor-General, Frank Aiken - Widely praised Minister for External Affairs, Frank Aiken - Quit politics over Charles Haughey, Frank Aiken - Refused presidency of Ireland, Frank Aiken - Clash with Ernest Blythe, Frank Aiken - Honours Death, Frank Aiken - Political Career, Frank Aiken - Footnotes

Read more here: » Frank Aiken: Encyclopedia II - Frank Aiken - Clash with the Governor-General

In October 1966 Seán F. Lemass decided to retire as leader of Fianna Fáil and Taoiseach. A number of factors made the decision to retire easier. Firstly he did not want to follow the example of his predecessor, Eamon de Valera, and remain in office too long. Secondly, if he remained as leader, fought another general election and lost he would have the unpalatable task of leaving office as a defeated Taoiseach. Thirdly, and most importantly, the fiftieth anniversary celebrations of the Easter Rising in 1966 marked the end of a particular ch ...

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Fianna Fáil leadership election 1966, Fianna Fáil leadership election 1966 - Candidates, Fianna Fáil leadership election 1966 - Standing, Fianna Fáil leadership election 1966 - Withdrew from election, Fianna Fáil leadership election 1966 - Declined to stand, Fianna Fáil leadership election 1966 - Campaign, Fianna Fáil leadership election 1966 - Results

Read more here: » Fianna Fáil leadership election 1966: Encyclopedia II - Fianna Fáil leadership election 1966 - Campaign

The Constitution of Ireland provides for a parliamentary system of government, under which the role of the head of state is largely a ceremonial one. Most of the functions of the President may only be carried out in accordance with the strict instructions of the Constitution, or the binding 'advice' of the Government. The President does, however, possess certain personal powers, that may be exercised at her discretion. Unlike the presidents of many other republics, the President of Ireland is neither the nominal nor de facto ch ...

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President of Ireland, President of Ireland - Selection, President of Ireland - Duties and functions, President of Ireland - Ceremonial functions, President of Ireland - Special limitations, President of Ireland - Discretionary powers, President of Ireland - Reform, President of Ireland - Succession, President of Ireland - List of Presidents of Ireland, President of Ireland - Living former Presidents, President of Ireland - Official residence salute style and address, President of Ireland - Presidential declaration, President of Ireland - Impeachment and removal from office, President of Ireland - History, President of Ireland - Issues of controversy, President of Ireland - Prerogative in Northern Ireland, President of Ireland - Who was head of state from 1937-1949?, President of Ireland - Presidential facts, President of Ireland - Footnotes

Read more here: » President of Ireland: Encyclopedia II - President of Ireland - Duties and functions

The beginning of the end of Charles Haughey's leadership occurred in November 1991 when the Minister for Finance, Albert Reynolds, launched a leadership challenge. On that occasion the challenge failed, however, it was not to be the end of the issue. Following the leadership challenge the business of government continued and the Minister for Justice, Ray Burke, introduced the phone-tapping bill. This did not please the Cathaoirleach of Seanad Éireann, Seán Doherty, who had been dismissed from the cabinet in 1982 over his alleged inv ...

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Fianna Fáil leadership election 1992, Fianna Fáil leadership election 1992 - Candidates, Fianna Fáil leadership election 1992 - Standing, Fianna Fáil leadership election 1992 - Declined to stand, Fianna Fáil leadership election 1992 - Campaign, Fianna Fáil leadership election 1992 - Result

Read more here: » Fianna Fáil leadership election 1992: Encyclopedia II - Fianna Fáil leadership election 1992 - Campaign

The original house was designed by park ranger and amateur architect Nathaniel Clements, in the mid eighteenth century. It was bought by the administration of the British Lord Lieutenant of Ireland to become his summer residence in the 1780s. His official residence was in the Viceregal Apartments in Dublin Castle. The house in the park later became the Viceregal Lodge, the "out of season" residence of the Lord Lieutenant (also known as the Viceroy), where he lived for most of the year. During the Social Season (January to St. Patrick's D ...

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Áras an Uachtaráin, Áras an Uachtaráin - Origins, Áras an Uachtaráin - Murder, Áras an Uachtaráin - Residence of the Irish Governor-General, Áras an Uachtaráin - Residence of the President of Ireland, Áras an Uachtaráin - The Ghost of Winston Churchill, Áras an Uachtaráin - Visitors, Áras an Uachtaráin - Footnotes, Áras an Uachtaráin - External link

Read more here: » Áras an Uachtaráin: Encyclopedia II - Áras an Uachtaráin - Origins

Irish broadcasting in the 1960s and 1970s reflected the clash of ideas between elements of traditional rural Catholic society and new liberal ideas coming from the United States, Britain and in Catholicism itself through the reforms of the Second Vatican Council. Conservatives within RTÉ associated with the Knights of Columbanus clashed with liberals and with Marxists associated with Official Sinn Féin, over the content of programmes, through the extent to which the ultimate liberal victory was a product of one side infiltrating the statio ...

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The Riordans, The Riordans - Its launch, The Riordans - Characters, The Riordans - Tensions and rivalries, The Riordans - Revolutionising television though using OBUs, The Riordans - Template for Emmerdale Farm, The Riordans - RTÉ in the 1960s - a reputation for innovation, The Riordans - Pushing agendas, The Riordans - Controversially axed, The Riordans - Context and conclusion, The Riordans - The tradition of rural drama on RTÉ, The Riordans - Later careers of the actors, The Riordans - Back catalogue wiped, The Riordans - Actors and roles, The Riordans - Series writers, The Riordans - Dates of The Riordans, The Riordans - Spin Offs, The Riordans - Footnotes

Read more here: » The Riordans: Encyclopedia II - The Riordans - Pushing agendas

The second general election of 1982 took place just nine months after the first one in February of that year. While it is not the shortest Dáil in Irish history, it is unusual because never before had there been three general elections in eighteen months. The general election was caused by the loss of support of Independents and the Workers' Party for the Fianna Fáil government. This was due to the government's insistence on introducing substantial budget cuts, budget cuts which the left-wing TDs couldn't stomach. While economic issues dominated the campaign the pa ...

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Irish general election 1982 November, Irish general election 1982 November - Campaign, Irish general election 1982 November - Result, Irish general election 1982 November - First Time TDs

Read more here: » Irish general election 1982 November: Encyclopedia II - Irish general election 1982 November - Campaign

Because Lynch was elected as somewhat of a "compromise candidate" it appeared to many that he would only remain as an interim Taoiseach. This thought couldn't be further from his mind, and he outlined this intentions shortly after coming to power. Lynch took particular exception to the title "Interim Taoiseach" or "Reluctant Taoiseach". He had no intention of stepping aside after a few years in favour of one of the other candidates who had been unsuccessful against him in 1966. He was however reluctant in naming his first Cabinet. He believe ...

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Jack Lynch, Jack Lynch - Early and Private Life, Jack Lynch - Sporting Career, Jack Lynch - Political Life, Jack Lynch - Early Career, Jack Lynch - Minister for Industry & Commerce, Jack Lynch - Minister for Finance, Jack Lynch - Lemass Resignation, Jack Lynch - Taoiseach 1966-1973, Jack Lynch - PR Referendum, Jack Lynch - Northern Ireland, Jack Lynch - Arms Crisis, Jack Lynch - EEC Membership, Jack Lynch - Opposition 1973-1977, Jack Lynch - Taoiseach 1977-1979, Jack Lynch - The Economy, Jack Lynch - Party Discipline, Jack Lynch - Lynch's Resignation, Jack Lynch - Retirement, Jack Lynch - First Cabinet November 1966-July 1969, Jack Lynch - Changes, Jack Lynch - Second Cabinet July 1969-March 1973, Jack Lynch - Changes, Jack Lynch - Third Cabinet July 1977-December 1979, Jack Lynch - Changes, Jack Lynch - See Also, Jack Lynch - Political Career

Read more here: » Jack Lynch: Encyclopedia II - Jack Lynch - Taoiseach 1966-1973

The general election of 1987 was precipitated by the withdrawal of the Labour Party from the Fine Gael led government on January 20, 1987. The reason was a disagreement over budget proposals. Rather than press on with the government's agenda the Taoiseach and leader of Fine Gael, Garret FitzGerald, decided to dissolve the Dáil. An unusually long period of four weeks was set for the campaign. It was hoped that the electorate would w ...

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Irish general election 1987, Irish general election 1987 - Campaign, Irish general election 1987 - Results, Irish general election 1987 - First time TDs, Irish general election 1987 - Retiring TDs

Read more here: » Irish general election 1987: Encyclopedia II - Irish general election 1987 - Campaign

The first general election of 1982 was caused by the sudden collapse of the Fine Gael-Labour coalition government when the budget was defeated. The Minister for Finance, John Bruton, attempted to put VAT on children shoes, a measure which was rejected by some left-wing independent TDs. The Taoiseach, Garret FitzGerald, dissolved the Dáil immediately, however, while he was with President Patrick Hillery at Áras an Uachtaráin a number of Fianna Fáil members attempted to ring the President, urging him not to grant a dissolution. If he refus ...

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Irish general election 1982 February, Irish general election 1982 February - Campaign, Irish general election 1982 February - Result, Irish general election 1982 February - First Time TDs, Irish general election 1982 February - Retiring TDs

Read more here: » Irish general election 1982 February: Encyclopedia II - Irish general election 1982 February - Campaign

The general election of 1981 was the first one of five during the 1980s. The election also saw three new leaders of the three main parties fight their first general election. Charles Haughey had become Taoiseach and leader of Fianna Fáil at the end of 1979, Garret FitzGerald was the new leader of Fine Gael and Michael O'Leary was in charge of the Labour Party. Charles Haughey and Fianna Fáil seemed extremely popular with the electorate. He had wanted to call the general election for early in the year, however a series of events led ...

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Irish general election 1981, Irish general election 1981 - Campaign, Irish general election 1981 - Results, Irish general election 1981 - First time TDs, Irish general election 1981 - Retiring TDs

Read more here: » Irish general election 1981: Encyclopedia II - Irish general election 1981 - Campaign

In 1978, he became vice-president of Sinn Féin. The republican movement in the 1970s was split between the more pragmatic northern leadership which surrounded Adams, and the more traditional nationalist cadre surrounding longtime southern-based leader, school teacher Ruairí Ó Brádaigh. In the 70s the split was seen as being between those, close to Adams, who advocated a military-only strategy and those who thought that negotiations with the British would bring results. A 1973 ceasefire between the IRA and the British was widely se ...

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Gerry Adams, Gerry Adams - Background, Gerry Adams - President of Sinn Féin, Gerry Adams - Voice Ban, Gerry Adams - Moving into mainstream politics

Read more here: » Gerry Adams: Encyclopedia II - Gerry Adams - President of Sinn Féin

The establishment of the Irish Free State gave rise to the first serious attempt to industrialise Ireland. Farming became orientated around pasture rather than tillage, with the industrialisation of processing of products and the export business. The country was gradually electrified and new factories were encouraged, such as the Irish Sugar Company in Carlow. During the late 1930s the Fianna Fáil government began a disastrous dispute with Britain over the payment of land annuities, called The Economic War. The Irish state refused to contin ...

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Economic history of the Republic of Ireland, Economic history of the Republic of Ireland - Effects of partition, Economic history of the Republic of Ireland - 1922-1960s, Economic history of the Republic of Ireland - 1960s, Economic history of the Republic of Ireland - 1980s, Economic history of the Republic of Ireland - Celtic Tiger 1990s-2001, Economic history of the Republic of Ireland - Recent economic circumstances

Read more here: » Economic history of the Republic of Ireland: Encyclopedia II - Economic history of the Republic of Ireland - 1922-1960s

Since Fine Gael was the largest party in the government it had the task of providing a suitable candidate for Taoiseach. Naturally it was assumed that its leader, Richard Mulcahy, would be offered the post, however, he was an unacceptable choice to Clann na Poblachta and its deeply republican leader, Seán MacBride. This was due to Mulchay's record during the Civil War. Instead, Mulcahy unselfishly stepped aside and allowed Costello to become Taoiseach. Costello, who had never held a ministerial position and who hadn't sought the leadership was now the leader of a complex government. Mu ...

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John A. Costello, John A. Costello - Early Life, John A. Costello - Taoiseach 1948-1951, John A. Costello - Declaration of the Republic, John A. Costello - Mother & Child Scheme, John A. Costello - Coalition Achievements, John A. Costello - Election Defeat, John A. Costello - Taoiseach 1954-1957, John A. Costello - Retirement, John A. Costello - First Government February 1948 - June 1951, John A. Costello - Changes, John A. Costello - Second Government June 1954 - March 1957, John A. Costello - Political Career, John A. Costello - See Also

Read more here: » John A. Costello: Encyclopedia II - John A. Costello - Taoiseach 1948-1951

There is almost universal support in the Republic of Ireland for reunification from all political parties. Public opinion generally ranges from lukewarm to strongly nationalist. There are also some non-partisan groups, such as the Reform Movement and southern lodges of the Orange Order, that tend to be sympathetic to Northern Ireland remaining within the UK indefinitely. Opposition to reunification comes mainly from Unionist political parties in Northern Ireland, particularly the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) and the Democratic Unionist ...

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Irish Reunification, Irish Reunification - Overview, Irish Reunification - Support and opposition for Reunification, Irish Reunification - Sinn Féin, Irish Reunification - Social Democratic and Labour Party, Irish Reunification - Irish Republican Socialist Party, Irish Reunification - Republican Sinn Féin, Irish Reunification - Fianna Fáil, Irish Reunification - Progressive Democrats, Irish Reunification - Fine Gael, Irish Reunification - Labour Party Ireland, Irish Reunification - Economic consequences of Reunification, Irish Reunification - Likelihood of a United Ireland

Read more here: » Irish Reunification: Encyclopedia II - Irish Reunification - Support and opposition for Reunification

Born in the New York Nursery and Child Hospital in New York City in 1882 to an Irish mother, he stated that his parents, Catherine Coll de Valera Wheelwright and Juan Vivion de Valera, a Spanish-Cuban settler and sculptor, were married in 1881 in New York. However, exhaustive trawls through church and state records by genealogists and by his most recent biographer, Tim Pat Coogan (1990) have failed to find either a church or civil record of the marriage. Furthermore, no birth, baptismal, marriage or death certificate has ever been found for ...

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Eamon de Valera, Eamon de Valera - Childhood, Eamon de Valera - Early political activity, Eamon de Valera - Easter Rising, Eamon de Valera - President of Dáil Éireann, Eamon de Valera - President of the Republic, Eamon de Valera - The Treaty, Eamon de Valera - Civil War, Eamon de Valera - Entry into the Free State Dáil: the 'empty formula', Eamon de Valera - President of the Executive Council, Eamon de Valera - De Valera's new Constitution - Bunreacht na hÉireann, Eamon de Valera - Neutrality in World War II, Eamon de Valera - Characteristics, Eamon de Valera - Analysis, Eamon de Valera - De Valera and Churchill clash on radio, Eamon de Valera - Post-War Period, Eamon de Valera - President of Ireland, Eamon de Valera - Overview, Eamon de Valera - Notes, Eamon de Valera - First Cabinet March 1932-February 1933, Eamon de Valera - Second Cabinet February 1933-July 1937, Eamon de Valera - Changes, Eamon de Valera - Third Cabinet July 1937-June 1938, Eamon de Valera - Changes, Eamon de Valera - Fourth Cabinet June 1938-July 1943, Eamon de Valera - Changes, Eamon de Valera - Fifth Cabinet July 1943-June 1944, Eamon de Valera - Sixth Cabinet June 1944-February 1948, Eamon de Valera - Changes, Eamon de Valera - Seventh Cabinet June 1951-June 1954, Eamon de Valera - Eighth Cabinet March 1957-June 1959, Eamon de Valera - Changes, Eamon de Valera - Political Career, Eamon de Valera - See Also

Read more here: » Eamon de Valera: Encyclopedia II - Eamon de Valera - Childhood

Ahern is generally described as being an excellent minister. His political ambition is not hidden and he is regarded as a future leader of the Fianna Fáil Party. He was appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs on September 29, 2004, after much speculation about who would take this position. He is the first Louth TD to hold that position since Frank Aiken. In April 2005 Ahern was appointed one of four special envoys for United Nations reform by the UN Secretary General, Kofi Annan. In effect the four envoys will act as Mr Annan's 'eyes ...

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Dermot Ahern, Dermot Ahern - Ministerial Performance, Dermot Ahern - Ministerial Career

Read more here: » Dermot Ahern: Encyclopedia II - Dermot Ahern - Ministerial Performance

Cowen was born in Clara, County Offaly, the son of Bernard Cowen, a former Fianna Fáil TD and Senator and grandson of Christopher Cowen who was also a Fianna Fail TD. The family owned a butchers shop and public house in the town. Cowen was educated at Clara National School, Ard Scoil Naomh Chiaráin, the Cistercian Mount St. Joseph's College in Roscrea, and University College Dublin where he studied law. He qualified as a solicitor ...

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Brian Cowen, Brian Cowen - Early & Private Life, Brian Cowen - Political life, Brian Cowen - Criticism, Brian Cowen - Minister for Finance, Brian Cowen - The future, Brian Cowen - Ministerial Career

Read more here: » Brian Cowen: Encyclopedia II - Brian Cowen - Early & Private Life