Charlemagne - Early life. Charlemagne was the eldest child of Pippin the Short (714–24 September 768, reigned from 751) and his wife Bertrada of Laon (720–12 July 783), daughter of Caribert of Laon and Bertrada of Cologne. He was the elder brother of Carloman and Gisela. Some sources indicate that he was the brother of Redburga, wife of King Egbert of Wessex, and Bertha, mother of the famous Roland, but he is only ever recorde ...

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Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Charlemagne's personal appearance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Sources

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Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Personal appearance, Charlemagne - Dress, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Charles and his children, Charlemagne - During the Saxon peace, Charlemagne - Avar campaigns, Charlemagne - The Saracens and Spain, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Danish attacks, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Monetary reforms, Charlemagne - Learning, Charlemagne - Writing reforms, Charlemagne - Political organisation, Charlemagne - The division of the empire, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Notes, Charlemagne - Sources

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Charlemagne's reign is often referred to as the Carolingian Renaissance because of the flowering of scholarship, literature, art, and architecture. Most of the surviving works of classical Latin were copied and preserved by Carolingian scholars. The pan-European nature of Charlemagne's influence is indicated by the origins of many of the men who worked for him: Alcuin, an Anglo-Saxon; Theodulf, a Visigoth; Paul the ...

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Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Charlemagne's personal appearance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Sources

Read more here: » Charlemagne: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne - Cultural significance

Charlemagne (c.742 or 747–28 January 814) (also Charles the Great; from Latin, Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus) was the king of the Franks from 768 to 814 and king of the Lombards from 774 to 781. He was crowned Imperator Augustus in Rome on Christmas Day, 800 by Pope Leo III and is therefore regarded as the founder of the Holy Roman Empire, a reincarnation of the ancient Western Roman Empire. Through military conquest and defence, he solidified and expanded his realm to cover most of Western Euro ...

Including:

• Charlemagne - Background
• Charlemagne - Date and place of birth
• Charlemagne - Life
• Charlemagne - Early life
• Charlemagne - Joint rule
• Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy
• Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns
• Charlemagne - Spanish campaign
• Charlemagne - Imperator
• Charlemagne - Administration
• Charlemagne - Death
• Charlemagne - Cultural significance
• Charlemagne - Charlemagne's personal appearance
• Charlemagne - Family
• Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs
• Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards
• Charlemagne - Sources

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Flaccus Albinus Alcuinus or Ealhwine (c. 735-May 19, 804) was a monk from York, England. He was related to Willibrord, Anglo-Saxon missionary to the Frisians and the first bishop of Utrecht, whose biography he afterwards wrote. Alcuin of York had a long career as a teacher and scholar first at the school at York (now known as St Peters School, York, founded AD 627) and lastly as Charlemagne's leading advisor on ecclesiastical and educational affairs. From 796 until his death he was abbot o ...

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Cluniac Reform was the time of the purification and scourging of the Roman Catholic Church during the 11th century. After a century of corruption and decadence, the Christian church was finally cleaned up. In the 11th century, the Church began a remarkable religious revival in which the the popes worked to codify and re-establish church law. Church officials sought to communicate with all the clergy and peoples of Europe though a clearly defined, obedient hierarchy of bishops. The popes wanted the basic loyalty of all the clerg ...

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• Cluniac Reforms - Monastic revival

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Carolingian or Caroline minuscule is a script developed as a writing standard in Europe so that the Roman alphabet could be easily recognized by the small literate class from one region to another. It was used in Charlemagne's empire between approximately 800 and 1200. Codices, pagan and Christian texts, and educational material were written in Carolingian minuscule throughout the Carolingian Renaissance. The script developed into Blackletter and became obsolete, though it forms the basis of more recent scripts. C ...

Including:

• Carolingian minuscule - Creation
• Carolingian minuscule - Characteristics
• Carolingian minuscule - Spread
• Carolingian minuscule - Role in Cultural Transmission
• Carolingian minuscule - See Also

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Benedict of Aniane (also called Witiza, the Second Benedict) (c. 747 – 11 February 821) was a saint born in France. The son of the Goth, Aigulf, Count of Maguelone in Languedoc, France, Witiza was educated at the Frankish court of Pippin the Younger, and entered the royal service. After taking part in the Italian campaign of Charlemagne in 773 where he almost drowned in the Tesin near Pavia while trying to save his brother, Benedict decided to become a priest. He was received into the monastery of St. Sequanus (Saint-S ...

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8th century - Significant persons. Alcuin, English monk, scholar, and teacher Charlemagne, king of the Franks from 771 to 814 Charles Martel The Venerable Bede, English scholar Pippin the Younger Harun al-Rashid, fifth Abbasid Caliph Li Po, Chinese poet Du Fu, Chinese poet 8th century - Inventions discoveries introductions. heavy plow in use in the Rhine valley horsecollar in use in North ...

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• 8th century - Events
• 8th century - Significant persons
• 8th century - Inventions discoveries introductions
• 8th century - Decades and years

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Christendom, in the widest sense, refers to Christianity as a territorial phenomenon: those countries where most people are Christians, or nominal Christians, are part of Christendom. Christendom - Christendom as a polity. In a more significant and meaningful sense, it refers to the medieval and renaissance notion of the Christian world as a sort of social and political polity. In essence, the vision of Christendom is a vision of a Christian theocracy, a government devoted to the enforcement of Chri ...

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• Christendom - Christendom as a polity
• Christendom - Corpus Christianum

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De architectura (Latin: "On architecture") was a treatise on architecture written by the Roman architect Vitruvius and dedicated to his patron, the emperor Caesar Augustus. De architectura - De architectura in summary. Probably written between 27 and 23 BC, it is the only contemporary source on classical architecture to have survived. Divided into ten sections or "books", it covers almost every aspect of Roman architecture. The books break down as follows: Town planning, architect ...

Including:

• De architectura - De architectura in summary
• De architectura - Survival and rediscovery
• De architectura - Impact
• De architectura - Reference works

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Aquitaine (Gascon and Occitan: Aquitània; Basque: Akitania) (anciently "Guyenne" or "Guienne") now forms a région in south-western France along the Atlantic Ocean and the Pyrenees mountain range on the border with Spain. Aquitaine - History. In Roman times, the province of Gallia Aquitania originally comprised the region of Gaul between the Pyrenees Mountains and the Garonne River, but Augustus Caesar added to it the land between the Garonne and the Loire River. At this ...

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• Aquitaine - History
• Aquitaine - Geography
• Aquitaine - Demographics

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The Count Saint-Germain is a fictional character from a series of novels written by Chelsea Quinn Yarbro. The character was inspired by an actual historical Count Saint-Germain, a mysterious figure in 18th century France. The fictional Saint-Germain is a vampire who was born approximately 3000 years ago in the region that is now Transylvania. He spent much of his early existence in Egypt but eventually began travelling the world. The novels have described periods when Saint-Germain has resided in the Roman Empire during Nero's ...

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This is an article on biographies. For information on policies concerning biographical articles on Wikipedia, please see Wikipedia:Biography. For the television series, see Biography (television program). Biography (from the Greek words bios meaning life, and graphein meaning write) is a genre of literature and other forms of media like film, based on the written accounts of individual lives. While a biography may focus on a subject of fiction or non-fiction, the term is usually in reference to non-fiction. ...

Including:

• Biography - Early forms
• Biography - Classical forms
• Biography - Middle Ages
• Biography - Modern forms
• Biography - Multi-media forms
• Biography - Book Awards

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Universalism refers to concepts and issues which are said to be "universal" in appeal—i.e. trancending any existing localizing boundaries. The term may refer to: In comparative religion, universalism is the belief that true and valuable insights are available in many of the religious traditions which have grown up in various human cultures. It posits that a spiritually aware person will respect religious traditions other than his own and will be open to learning from them. It does not deny that immersion in one t ...

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Charles Homer Haskins (1870-1937) was an American historian of the Middle Ages, and advisor to US President Woodrow Wilson. He is considered to be Americas first medieval historian. Charles H. Haskins - Biography. Haskins was born in Meadville, Pennsylvania. He was a prodigy, fluent in both Latin and Greek while still a young boy. He received a PhD in American history from Johns Hopkins University at the age of 20 and taught there until 1902. He then decided to branch out into medieval history and w ...

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• Charles H. Haskins - Biography
• Charles H. Haskins - Renaissance of the Twelfth Century

Read more here: » Charles H. Haskins: Encyclopedia - Charles H. Haskins

Alfonso VI (before June 1040 – July 1, 1109), nicknamed the Brave, was king of León from 1065 to 1109 and king of Castile since 1072 after his brother's death. As he was the first Alfonso to be King of Castile he is sometimes referred to as Alfonso I of Castile. In 1077, he proclaimed himself "emperor of all Spain". Much romance has gathered round his name. As the second and favorite son of King Ferdinand I of Castile, Alfonso was alloted Castile, while Leon was given to the eldest son Sancho, and Galicia to the youngest brother Garcia. Sancho died in 1072, and Garc ...

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An officer by career, Charlemagne Péralte was the military chief of the city of Léogane when the US Marines invaded Haiti in July of 1915. (See United States occupation of Haiti (1915-1934)) Refusing to surrender to foreign troops without fighting, Péralte resigned from his position and returned to his native town of Hinche to take care of his family's land. In 1917, he was arrested for assaulting the home of an American Officer of the occupation troops, and was sentenced to five years of forced labor. Escaping his captivity, Charlemagne Péralte gathered a group of nationalis ...

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Charlemagne Péralte, Charlemagne Péralte - Early Life, Charlemagne Péralte - Guerrilla Resistance, Charlemagne Péralte - Death and Aftermath

Read more here: » Charlemagne Péralte: Encyclopedia II - Charlemagne Péralte - Guerrilla Resistance

Fortunately, the Jews had kept their piety, their morality, and their intellectual activity. They were devoted to the study of the Halakah. In the eleventh century Rabbi Gershom's pupils had been the teachers of Rashi, and his excellent commentaries on the Bible and Talmud marked out new paths for learning. The German Jews contributed much to the spread and completion of these commentaries. Beginning with the twelfth century they worked independently, especially in the fields of Haggadah and ethics. R. Simon ha-Darshan's "Yalḳuṭ." (c. 11 ...

See also:

History of the Jews in Germany, History of the Jews in Germany - Early settlements, History of the Jews in Germany - Under Charlemagne, History of the Jews in Germany - Up to the Crusades, History of the Jews in Germany - A period of massacres 1096-1349, History of the Jews in Germany - In the Holy Roman Empire, History of the Jews in Germany - During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, History of the Jews in Germany - Jewish life through the Holy Roman Empire, History of the Jews in Germany - Separation from the world, History of the Jews in Germany - From Moses Mendelssohn 1778 to the Nazis 1933, History of the Jews in Germany - Moses Mendelssohn, History of the Jews in Germany - The Jewish enlightenment in Germany, History of the Jews in Germany - Reorganization of the German Jewish community, History of the Jews in Germany - Birth of the Reform Movement, History of the Jews in Germany - Freedom and Repression 1815-1930s, History of the Jews in Germany - Jews under the Nazis 1930s-1940, History of the Jews in Germany - The Holocaust 1940-1945, History of the Jews in Germany - Jews in Germany since 1945, History of the Jews in Germany - Literature

Read more here: » History of the Jews in Germany: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Germany - Jewish life through the Holy Roman Empire

History of the Jews in Germany - Moses Mendelssohn. Moses Mendelssohn located with true insight the point of departure for the regeneration of Jewish life. The Middle Ages, which could take from the Jews neither their faith nor their various intellectual gifts, had yet deprived them of the chief means (namely, the vernacular) of comprehending the intellectual labors of others. The chasm that in consequence separated them from their educated fellow citizens was bridged by Mendelssohn's translation of the Torah int ...

See also:

History of the Jews in Germany, History of the Jews in Germany - Early settlements, History of the Jews in Germany - Under Charlemagne, History of the Jews in Germany - Up to the Crusades, History of the Jews in Germany - A period of massacres 1096-1349, History of the Jews in Germany - In the Holy Roman Empire, History of the Jews in Germany - During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, History of the Jews in Germany - Jewish life through the Holy Roman Empire, History of the Jews in Germany - Separation from the world, History of the Jews in Germany - From Moses Mendelssohn 1778 to the Nazis 1933, History of the Jews in Germany - Moses Mendelssohn, History of the Jews in Germany - The Jewish enlightenment in Germany, History of the Jews in Germany - Reorganization of the German Jewish community, History of the Jews in Germany - Birth of the Reform Movement, History of the Jews in Germany - Freedom and Repression 1815-1930s, History of the Jews in Germany - Jews under the Nazis 1930s-1940, History of the Jews in Germany - The Holocaust 1940-1945, History of the Jews in Germany - Jews in Germany since 1945, History of the Jews in Germany - Literature

Read more here: » History of the Jews in Germany: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Germany - From Moses Mendelssohn 1778 to the Nazis 1933