Charlemagne (c.742 or 747–28 January 814) (also Charles the Great; from Latin, Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus) was the king of the Franks from 768 to 814 and king of the Lombards from 774 to 781. He was crowned Imperator Augustus in Rome on Christmas Day, 800 by Pope Leo III and is therefore regarded as the founder of the Holy Roman Empire, a reincarnation of the ancient Western Roman Empire. Through military conquest and defence, he solidified and expanded his realm to cover most of Western Euro ...

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• Charlemagne - Background
• Charlemagne - Date and place of birth
• Charlemagne - Life
• Charlemagne - Early life
• Charlemagne - Joint rule
• Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy
• Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns
• Charlemagne - Spanish campaign
• Charlemagne - Imperator
• Charlemagne - Administration
• Charlemagne - Death
• Charlemagne - Cultural significance
• Charlemagne - Charlemagne's personal appearance
• Charlemagne - Family
• Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs
• Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards
• Charlemagne - Sources

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Charlemagne's personal appearance is not known from any contemporary portrait, but it is known rather famously from a good description of Einhard, who wrote his biography Vita Caroli Magni. He is well known to have been tall, stately, and fair-haired, with disproportionately thick neck. As Einhard tells it in his 22nd chapter: Charles was large and strong, and of lofty stature, though not disproportionately tall (his height is well known to have been seven times the length of his foot); the upper part of his head was r ...

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Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Charlemagne's personal appearance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Sources

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Charlemagne - Early life. Charlemagne was the eldest child of Pippin the Short (714–24 September 768, reigned from 751) and his wife Bertrada of Laon (720–12 July 783), daughter of Caribert of Laon and Bertrada of Cologne. He was the elder brother of Carloman and Gisela. Some sources indicate that he was the brother of Redburga, wife of King Egbert of Wessex, and Bertha, mother of the famous Roland, but he is only ever recorde ...

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Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Charlemagne's personal appearance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Sources

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Much of what is known of Charlemagne's life comes from his biographer, Einhard, who wrote a Vita Caroli Magni (or Vita Karoli Magni), which translates The Life of Charlemagne. Charlemagne - Early life. Charlemagne was the eldest child of Pippin the Short (714 – 24 September 768, reigned from 751) and his wife Bertrada of Laon (720 – 12 July 783), daughter of Caribert of Laon and Bertrada of Cologne. He was the elder brother of Carloman and Gisela. Some sources indicate that he was ...

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Charlemagne, Charlemagne - Background, Charlemagne - Date and place of birth, Charlemagne - Personal appearance, Charlemagne - Dress, Charlemagne - Life, Charlemagne - Early life, Charlemagne - Joint rule, Charlemagne - Conquest of Lombardy, Charlemagne - Saxon campaigns, Charlemagne - Spanish campaign, Charlemagne - Charles and his children, Charlemagne - During the Saxon peace, Charlemagne - Avar campaigns, Charlemagne - The Saracens and Spain, Charlemagne - Imperator, Charlemagne - Danish attacks, Charlemagne - Death, Charlemagne - Administration, Charlemagne - Monetary reforms, Charlemagne - Learning, Charlemagne - Writing reforms, Charlemagne - Political organisation, Charlemagne - The division of the empire, Charlemagne - Cultural significance, Charlemagne - Family, Charlemagne - Marriages and Heirs, Charlemagne - Concubinages and Bastards, Charlemagne - Notes, Charlemagne - Sources

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Universalism refers to concepts and issues which are said to be "universal" in appeal—i.e. trancending any existing localizing boundaries. The term may refer to: In comparative religion, universalism is the belief that true and valuable insights are available in many of the religious traditions which have grown up in various human cultures. It posits that a spiritually aware person will respect religious traditions other than his own and will be open to learning from them. It does not deny that immersion in one t ...

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The term Carolingian Empire is sometimes used to refer to the realm of the Franks under the dynasty of the Carolingians. When used, the term emphasizes on the coronation of Charlemagne as Emperor in 800 by Pope Leo III, although this did not actually constitute a new empire because both Charles as well as his ancestors had been rulers of the Frankish realm earlier. Because of this, most historians prefer to use the term "Frankish Kingdoms" or "Frankish Realm" to refer to the area covering parts of today's Germany and France fro ...

Including:

• Carolingian Empire - The Empire during the reign of Charlemagne 800 - 814
• Carolingian Empire - The Empire until the Treaty of Verdun 814 - 843
• Carolingian Empire - The Empire until the first lapse of the Holy Roman Empire 843 - 877
• Carolingian Empire - The Empire until the death of Charles the Fat 877 - 888

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Events March 25 - The Inscription of Sukabumi from Eastern Java marks the beginning of the Javanese language. March 30 - Saint Ludger becomes 1st Bishop of Munster. Charlemagne finishes the conquest of Saxony. Births Fujiwara no Yoshifusa, Japanese regent (d. 872) Louis the German, Carolingian King of East Francia (d. 876) Deaths May 19 - Alcuin of York, bisho ...

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747 - Events. Abu Muslim unites the Abbasid Empire against the Umayyads. Ibrahim the Imam, leader of an Abbasid revolt against the Umayyads, is captured. Carloman retires into a monastery. Pippin the Short remains sole ruler of the Franks as Mayor of the Palace. Outbreak of Plague in Sicily, Calabria, and Momenvasia 747 - Births. Charlemagne, king and emperor of the Franks (disputed date) 747 - DeathsIncluding:

• 747 - Events
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• 747 - Deaths

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Events December - Coenwulf becomes king of Mercia. Charlemagne defeats the Avars. Births Deaths Offa, king of Mercia Ecgfrith, king of Mercia Category: 796 ...

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Events Charles (Charlemagne) and Carloman divide the Frankish kingdom after the death of their father Pippin the Short. The date, according to the Annales Cambriae, when Wales began to celebrate Easter on the Roman date, at the teaching of Elbodugus. August 1: Stephen IV becomes pope. Deventer is founded (approximate date). Aurelio succeeds Fruela I as king of Asturias. Births Deaths Pepin the short, King of the Franks, father of Charlemagne (b. ...

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Events Pope Adrian I succeeds Pope Stephen IV. Adrian I turns to Charlemagne for support against king Desiderius of the Lombards. Charlemagne starts fighting the Saxons. Offa of Mercia conquers Sussex (approximate date). Births Bai Ju Yi, Chinese poet Deaths January 24: Pope Stephen IV (b. 720) Category: 772 ...

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The Carolingian Renaissance refers to the often-rejected but just as frequently resuscitated idea that a flowering of literature, the arts, architecture, jurisprudence, liturgical and scriptural studies occurred during and shortly after the reign of Charlemagne, that this flowering was consciously nurtured by the court, and that this flowering was connected to the renovation of the title Emperor for Charlemagne in the year 800. It is to be distingu ...

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• Carolingian Renaissance - Carolingian art
• Carolingian Renaissance - People
• Carolingian Renaissance - Places

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Events Emperor Kammu succeeds Emperor Kōnin as emperor of Japan. Charlemagne defines the Papal territory (see Papal States). Talorcan II succeeds Drest III as king of the Picts. Births Deaths Category: 781 ...

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814 - Events. Louis the Pious succeeds Charlemagne as king of the Franks and Emperor. The Bulgarians lay siege before Constantinople. Conflict between emperor Leo V and patriarch Nicephorus on the subject of iconoclasm. Leo deposes Nicephorus, Nicephorus excommunicates Leo. 814 - Births. Wuzong, Emperor of Tang China (d. 846) 814 - Deaths. January 28: Charlemagne, king of the Franks and Empero ...

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• 814 - Events
• 814 - Births
• 814 - Deaths

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777 :: The number of the Lamb of God 777 is a mystical number of the lamb of god. 777 is a mystical number of the lamb of god. 777 - Events. Charlemagne beats the Saxons. Saxon leader Widukind flees to Denmark. Kardam succeeds Telerig as monarch of Bulgaria. 777 - Births. 777 - Deaths. Category: 777 ...

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• 777 - Events
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• 777 - Deaths

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788 - Events. Charlemagne conquers Bavaria. Bermudo I succeeds Mauregato as king of Asturias. Start of the period covered in Adam of Bremen's history of the archbishopry of Hamburg. Morocco becomes an independent state 788 - Births. 788 - Deaths. Abd-ar-rahman I, founder of the Spanish Umayyad dynasty Category: 788 ...

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• 788 - Events
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Events Constantine VI becomes Byzantine Emperor with Irene as guardian. Tang De Zong becomes emperor of China. Drest III succeeds Alpin II as king of the Picts. The city of Osnabrück is founded by Charlemagne (approximate date) Births al-Khwarizmi, Muslim mathematician (approximate date) Deaths Sept ...

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In chess, each player has one of two equivalent sets of pieces of different colors. Each set has six types of pieces: 1 King 1 Queen 2 Rooks 2 Bishops 2 Knights 8 Pawns Some chess variants or certain kinds of chess problems call for non-standard fairy pieces. In discussions about play, a distinction is often drawn between pawns and more valuable "pieces." Chess piece - Movement of the pieces. Each piece moves in a different patte ...

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• Chess piece - Chess sets

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Events Chinese poet Li Po is presented before the emperor and given a position in the Imperial court. (approximate date) Saint Sturm establishes the abbey of Fulda. (or 744?) Artabasdus is Byzantine Emperor. After a forty-year vacancy, Stephen becomes Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch at the suggestion of Umayyad caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik. Births Charlemagne, king and emperor of the Franks ( ...

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