Chariot burial

Chariot burials are tombs in which the deceased was buried together with his chariot, usually including his horses and other possessions. The earliest chariots known are from chariot burials of the Andronovo (Timber-Grave) sites of the Sintashta-Petrovka culture in modern Russia, clustering along the upper Tobol river, southeast of Magnitogorsk, from around 2000 BC, containing spoke-wheeled chariots drawn by teams of two horses. This culture is at least partially derived from the earlier Yamna culture, and is generally accepted ...

Read more here: » Chariot burial: Encyclopedia - Chariot burial

Chariot was the name of a WW2 naval weapon, the British manned torpedo. A chariot is a two-wheeled, horse-drawn vehicle. In Latin biga is a two-horse chariot, and quadriga is a four-horse chariot. It was used for battle during the Bronze and Iron Ages, and continued to be used for travel, processions and in games after it had been superseded militarily. Early forms may also have had four wheels, although these are not usually referred to as chariots. The critical invention that allowed the constructi ...

Including:

• Chariot - Early forms
• Chariot - Indo-Iranians
• Chariot - China
• Chariot - Ancient Near East
• Chariot - Egyptian
• Chariot - Hittite
• Chariot - Mycenaean
• Chariot - Chariots in the Bible
• Chariot - Iron Age Mesopotamia
• Chariot - Northern Europe
• Chariot - Central and Western Europe
• Chariot - Classical Antiquity
• Chariot - Greece
• Chariot - Roman Empire
• Chariot - Russian Tachanka
• Chariot - Additional Bibliography

Read more here: » Chariot: Encyclopedia - Chariot

The Andronovo culture is a cover term for a group of Bronze Age cultures of southern Siberia and Central Asia, ca. 2300–1000 BCE. It is probably better termed an archaeological complex or archaeological horizon. The name derives from the village of Andronovo (55°53′N 55°42′E), where in 1914, several graves were discovered, with skeletons in crouched positions, buried with richly decorated pottery. At least four sub-cultures have been since distinguished, during which the culture expands towards the south and the east:Including:

• Andronovo culture - Successors
• Andronovo culture - External link

Read more here: » Andronovo culture: Encyclopedia - Andronovo culture

Philological reconstructions of some PIE theonyms: *Dyeus Ph2ter is believed to have been the original name of god of the daylit sky and the chief god of the Indo-European pantheon. He survives in Greek Zeus (also Dias), Latin Jupiter (Deus Pater), Sanskrit Dyaus Pita, Baltic Dievas, Slavic Div, Germanic Tyr (also Tiwaz), and Armenian Astwatz (c.f. also deus pater in the Vulgate, e. g. Jude 1:1) *Plth2vih2 Mh2ter (Dg'hōm ...

See also:

Proto-Indo-European religion, Proto-Indo-European religion - Priests, Proto-Indo-European religion - Pantheon, Proto-Indo-European religion - Mythology, Proto-Indo-European religion - Development, Proto-Indo-European religion - Notes

Read more here: » Proto-Indo-European religion: Encyclopedia II - Proto-Indo-European religion - Pantheon

Chariot - Egyptian. The chariot, together with the horse itself, was introduced to Egypt during the reign of the Hyksos dynasty in the 16th century BC. In the remains of Egyptian and Assyrian art there are numerous representations of chariots, from which it may be seen with what richness they were sometimes ornamented. The chariots of the Egyptians and Assyrians, with whom the bow was the principle arm of attack, were richly mounted with quivers full of arrows. The Egyptians invented the yoke saddle for their chariot horses in ca. 1500 BC. The best preserved examples of Egyptian chariots are th ...

See also:

Chariot, Chariot - Early forms, Chariot - Indo-Iranians, Chariot - China, Chariot - Ancient Near East, Chariot - Egyptian, Chariot - Hittite, Chariot - Mycenaean, Chariot - Chariots in the Bible, Chariot - Iron Age Mesopotamia, Chariot - Northern Europe, Chariot - Central and Western Europe, Chariot - Classical Antiquity, Chariot - Greece, Chariot - Roman Empire, Chariot - Russian Tachanka, Chariot - Additional Bibliography

Read more here: » Chariot: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Ancient Near East

The Sintashta-Petrovka culture is succeeded by the Fedorovo (1400-1200 BCE) and Alekseyevka (1200-1000 BCE) cultures, still considered as part of the Andronovo horizon. In southern Siberia and Kazakhstan, the Andronovo culture was succeeded by the Karasuk culture (1500-800 BCE), which is sometimes asserted to be non-Indo-European, and at other times to be specifically proto-Iranian. On its western border, it is succeeded by the Srubna culture, which partly derives from the Abashevo culture. The earliest historical peoples associated w ...

See also:

Andronovo culture, Andronovo culture - Successors, Andronovo culture - External link

Read more here: » Andronovo culture: Encyclopedia II - Andronovo culture - Successors

It might be said that the chariot was briefly revived during the Russian civil war of 1918–1920, when the "tachanka", a cart or wagon with a machine-gun mounted on it, enjoyed a limited tactical success in the Red Army. Since the gun had to be pointed away from the horses, it operated by firing in a direction opposite or lateral to the direction in which the tachanka was moving. One man drove the horses, while ...

See also:

Chariot, Chariot - Early forms, Chariot - Indo-Iranians, Chariot - China, Chariot - Ancient Near East, Chariot - Egyptian, Chariot - Hittite, Chariot - Mycenaean, Chariot - Chariots in the Bible, Chariot - Iron Age Mesopotamia, Chariot - Northern Europe, Chariot - Central and Western Europe, Chariot - Classical Antiquity, Chariot - Greece, Chariot - Roman Empire, Chariot - Russian Tachanka, Chariot - Additional Bibliography

Read more here: » Chariot: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Russian Tachanka

The only Etruscan chariot found intact dates to ca. 530 BC. It is decorated with bronze plates reminiscent of the Gundestrup cauldron. Its wheels have nine spokes. It was part of a chariot burial. The Celts were famous chariot-makers, and the English word car is believed to be derived, via Latin carrum, from Gaulish karros (English chariot itself is from 13th century French charriote, an augmentative of the same word). Some 20 Iron Age chariot burials have been excavated in Britain, dating roughly fr ...

See also:

Chariot, Chariot - Early forms, Chariot - Indo-Iranians, Chariot - China, Chariot - Ancient Near East, Chariot - Egyptian, Chariot - Hittite, Chariot - Mycenaean, Chariot - Chariots in the Bible, Chariot - Iron Age Mesopotamia, Chariot - Northern Europe, Chariot - Central and Western Europe, Chariot - Classical Antiquity, Chariot - Greece, Chariot - Roman Empire, Chariot - Russian Tachanka, Chariot - Additional Bibliography

Read more here: » Chariot: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Central and Western Europe

The Trundholm sun chariot is dated to ca. 1400 BC (see Nordic Bronze Age). The horse drawing the solar disk runs on four wheels, and the Sun itself on two. All wheels have four spokes. The "chariot" consists solely of the solar disk, the axle, and the wheels, and it is unclear if the sun is imagined as being itself a chariot, or as riding in a chariot. The presence of a model of a horse-drawn vehicle on two spoked wheels in Northern Europe at suc ...

See also:

Chariot, Chariot - Early forms, Chariot - Indo-Iranians, Chariot - China, Chariot - Ancient Near East, Chariot - Egyptian, Chariot - Hittite, Chariot - Mycenaean, Chariot - Chariots in the Bible, Chariot - Iron Age Mesopotamia, Chariot - Northern Europe, Chariot - Central and Western Europe, Chariot - Classical Antiquity, Chariot - Greece, Chariot - Roman Empire, Chariot - Russian Tachanka, Chariot - Additional Bibliography

Read more here: » Chariot: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Northern Europe

The main functionaries of the hypothetical Proto-Indo-European religion would have been maintained by a class of priests or shamans. There is evidence for sacral kingship, suggesting the tribal king at the same time assumed the role of high priest. This function would have survived as late as 11th century Scandinavia, when kings could still be dethroned for refusing to serve as priests (see Germanic king). Many Indo-European societies know a threefold division of a clerical class, a warrior class and a class of peasants or husbandmen. Such a division was suggested ...

See also:

Proto-Indo-European religion, Proto-Indo-European religion - Priests, Proto-Indo-European religion - Pantheon, Proto-Indo-European religion - Mythology, Proto-Indo-European religion - Development, Proto-Indo-European religion - Notes

Read more here: » Proto-Indo-European religion: Encyclopedia II - Proto-Indo-European religion - Priests

The earliest chariot burial site in China, discovered in 1933 at Hougang, Anyang of central China's Henan Province, dates to the rule of King Wu Ding of the Yin Dynasty (ca. 1200 BC). But chariots may have been known before, from as early as the Xia Dynasty (17th century BC) [1]. During the Shang dynasty, members of the royalty were buried with a complete household and servants, including a chariot, horses, and a charioteer. Shang chariot was often drawn by two horses, but four are occasionally found in burials. The crew consisted of an arch ...

See also:

Chariot, Chariot - Early forms, Chariot - Indo-Iranians, Chariot - China, Chariot - Ancient Near East, Chariot - Egyptian, Chariot - Hittite, Chariot - Mycenaean, Chariot - Chariots in the Bible, Chariot - Iron Age Mesopotamia, Chariot - Northern Europe, Chariot - Central and Western Europe, Chariot - Classical Antiquity, Chariot - Greece, Chariot - Roman Empire, Chariot - Russian Tachanka, Chariot - Additional Bibliography

Read more here: » Chariot: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - China

The earliest chariots known are from the chariot burials of the Andronovo (Timber-Grave) sites of the Sintashta-Petrovka culture in modern Russia and Kazakhstan from around 2000 BC. This culture is at least partially derived from the earlier Yamna culture. It built heavily fortified settlements, engaged in bronze metallurgy on a scale hitherto unprecedented and practiced complex burial rituals reminiscent of Aryan rituals known from the Rigveda. The Sintashta-Petrovka chariot burials yield spoke-wheeled chariots. The Andronovo culture over t ...

See also:

Chariot, Chariot - Early forms, Chariot - Indo-Iranians, Chariot - China, Chariot - Ancient Near East, Chariot - Egyptian, Chariot - Hittite, Chariot - Mycenaean, Chariot - Chariots in the Bible, Chariot - Iron Age Mesopotamia, Chariot - Northern Europe, Chariot - Central and Western Europe, Chariot - Classical Antiquity, Chariot - Greece, Chariot - Roman Empire, Chariot - Russian Tachanka, Chariot - Additional Bibliography

Read more here: » Chariot: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Indo-Iranians

The Trundholm sun chariot is dated to ca. 1400 BC (see Nordic Bronze Age). The horse drawing the solar disk runs on four wheels, and the Sun itself on two. All wheels have four spokes. The "chariot" consist solely of the solar disk, the axle, and the wheels, and it is unclear if the sun is imagined as being itself a chariot, or as riding in a chariot. The presence of a model of a horse-drawn vehicle on two spoked wheels in Northern Europe at suc ...

See also:

Chariot, Chariot - Early forms, Chariot - Indo-Iranians, Chariot - China, Chariot - Ancient Near East, Chariot - Egyptian, Chariot - Hittite, Chariot - Mycenaean, Chariot - Chariots in the Bible, Chariot - Iron Age Mesopotamia, Chariot - Northern Europe, Chariot - Central and Western Europe, Chariot - Classical Antiquity, Chariot - Greece, Chariot - Roman Empire, Chariot - Russian Tachanka, Chariot - Additional Bibliography

Read more here: » Chariot: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Northern Europe

The only Etruscan chariot found intact dates to ca. 530 BC. It is decorated with bronze plates reminiscent of the Gundestrup cauldron. Its wheels have nine spokes. it was part of a chariot burial. The Celts were famous chariot-makers, and the English word car is believed to be derived, via Latin carrum, from Gaulish karros (English chariot itself is from 13th century French charriote, an augmentative of the same word). Some 20 Iron Age chariot burials have been excavated in Britain, dating roughly fr ...

See also:

Chariot, Chariot - Early forms, Chariot - Indo-Iranians, Chariot - China, Chariot - Ancient Near East, Chariot - Egyptian, Chariot - Hittite, Chariot - Mycenaean, Chariot - Chariots in the Bible, Chariot - Iron Age Mesopotamia, Chariot - Northern Europe, Chariot - Central and Western Europe, Chariot - Classical Antiquity, Chariot - Greece, Chariot - Roman Empire, Chariot - Russian Tachanka, Chariot - Additional Bibliography

Read more here: » Chariot: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Central and Western Europe

Chariot - Greece. The classical Greeks had a (still not very effective) cavalry, and the rocky terrain of the Greek mainland was unsuited for wheeled vehicles. In spite of this, the chariot retained a high status, memories of its era were handed down in epic poetry, and they were used for races at the Olympic and Panathenaic Games. Greek chariots were made to be drawn by two horses attached to a central pole. If two additional horses were added, they were attached on each side of the main pair by a single ...

See also:

Chariot, Chariot - Early forms, Chariot - Indo-Iranians, Chariot - China, Chariot - Ancient Near East, Chariot - Egyptian, Chariot - Hittite, Chariot - Mycenaean, Chariot - Chariots in the Bible, Chariot - Iron Age Mesopotamia, Chariot - Northern Europe, Chariot - Central and Western Europe, Chariot - Classical Antiquity, Chariot - Greece, Chariot - Roman Empire, Chariot - Russian Tachanka, Chariot - Additional Bibliography

Read more here: » Chariot: Encyclopedia II - Chariot - Classical Antiquity

There seems to have been a belief in a World tree, which in Germanic mythology was an ash tree (Norse Yggdrasil; Irminsul), in Hinduism a banyan tree, in Lithuanian mythology Jievaras and an oak tree in Slavic mythology. Although this concept is absent from Greek mythology, there is also a later folk tradition about the World Tree, which is being sawed by the Kallikantzaroi (Greek goblins), perhaps a reborrowing from other peoples. One common myth which can be found among almost all Indo-European mythologies is a battle ending with th ...

See also:

Proto-Indo-European religion, Proto-Indo-European religion - Priests, Proto-Indo-European religion - Pantheon, Proto-Indo-European religion - Mythology, Proto-Indo-European religion - Development, Proto-Indo-European religion - Notes

Read more here: » Proto-Indo-European religion: Encyclopedia II - Proto-Indo-European religion - Mythology