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Charge | A Wisdom Archive on Charge | | Charge A selection of articles related to Charge | |
| We recommend this article: Charge - 1, and also this: Charge - 2. |
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charge, Charge, Charge - Others, Charge - Physics
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Charge | | | | | |  Charge: Encyclopedia II - Space charge - OccurenceSpace charge is an inherent property of all vacuum tubes. This has at times has made life harder or easier for electrical engineers who used tubes in their designs. For example, space charge significantly limited the practical application of triode amplifiers because it impedes the flow of electrons from cathode to anode, thus reducing the level of gain that could be achieved in such tubes.
On the other hand, space charge came in quite handy in some tube applications because it generates a negative EMF within the tube's envelope, which could be used to create a negative bias on the tube's grid. This could improve the enginee ...
See also:Space charge, Space charge - Cause, Space charge - Simply, Space charge - Theoretical, Space charge - Occurence, Space charge - Child's Law, Space charge - Shot noise Read more here: » Space charge: Encyclopedia II - Space charge - Occurence |
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| | | | | | Charge: Encyclopedia II - Photoinduced Charge Separation - Mathematics of Photoinduced Charge Separation When a photon of energy equal to
.
Where h = the Planck's Constant (in Js), c = the speed of light in (ms-1) and is the Wavelength of the light (in m)
is absorbed by the photoreceptor molecule, e joules of work is done upon the atom, raising the electron from its ground state to an exited state. if the excited electron is transferred to a neighbouring electron acceptor molecule there will be a potential dif ...
See also:Photoinduced Charge Separation, Photoinduced Charge Separation - The Rutherford Model of an Atom, Photoinduced Charge Separation - The Bohr Model of an Atom, Photoinduced Charge Separation - Electron Excitation by Photon Absorption, Photoinduced Charge Separation - The Process of Photoinduced Charge Separation, Photoinduced Charge Separation - Mathematics of Photoinduced Charge Separation, Photoinduced Charge Separation - The Chemistry of Photoinduced Charge Separation, Photoinduced Charge Separation - Photoinduced Charge Separation in Photosynthesis Read more here: » Photoinduced Charge Separation: Encyclopedia II - Photoinduced Charge Separation - Mathematics of Photoinduced Charge Separation |
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| | | | | Charge: Encyclopedia II - London Congestion Charge - History of the Charge Many toll roads and bridges have existed in England, both now and in the past. Tolls became popular in England in the late 1600s, following the decline of roads after the Protestant Reformation (Catholic monks no longer maintained the roads). By the end of the 1700s, the inter-city road network in England was primarily a toll road network of turnpikes. Toll roads eventually died out in the late 1800s, due to competition from railways and complaint ...
See also:London Congestion Charge, London Congestion Charge - The charging zone, London Congestion Charge - Technology and enforcement, London Congestion Charge - Why the Congestion Charge is notable, London Congestion Charge - The Congestion Charge in operation, London Congestion Charge - History of the Charge, London Congestion Charge - Future plans, London Congestion Charge - Wider effects Read more here: » London Congestion Charge: Encyclopedia II - London Congestion Charge - History of the Charge |
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| | | | | Charge: Encyclopedia II - London Congestion Charge - The Congestion Charge in operation Before the Charge's introduction, there were fears of a very chaotic few days as the charge bedded down. Indeed Ken Livingstone (London mayor and key proponent of the Charge) himself predicted a "bloody day". In fact, the first two days saw a dramatic reduction in inner city traffic. On the first day 190,000 vehicles moved into or within the zone during charging hours, a decrease of around 25% on normal traffic levels. Excluding 45,000 exempt vehicles, the decrease was more than 30%. Anecdotal evidence suggests journey times were decreased b ...
See also:London Congestion Charge, London Congestion Charge - The charging zone, London Congestion Charge - Technology and enforcement, London Congestion Charge - Why the Congestion Charge is notable, London Congestion Charge - The Congestion Charge in operation, London Congestion Charge - History of the Charge, London Congestion Charge - Future plans, London Congestion Charge - Wider effects Read more here: » London Congestion Charge: Encyclopedia II - London Congestion Charge - The Congestion Charge in operation |
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| | | | | Charge: Encyclopedia II - Photoinduced Charge Separation - The Process of Photoinduced Charge Separation
This high energy electron can have several fates. Usually the electron will fall back to the ground state, either directly, or via another energy level, and will reemit 1 or more photon(s). However, if a suitable electron acceptor molecule is nearby, the molecule will accept the excited electron. This results in a positive charge on the photoreceptor molecule and a negative charge on the electron acceptor molecule. The formation of this potential difference i ...
See also:Photoinduced Charge Separation, Photoinduced Charge Separation - The Rutherford Model of an Atom, Photoinduced Charge Separation - The Bohr Model of an Atom, Photoinduced Charge Separation - Electron Excitation by Photon Absorption, Photoinduced Charge Separation - The Process of Photoinduced Charge Separation, Photoinduced Charge Separation - Mathematics of Photoinduced Charge Separation, Photoinduced Charge Separation - The Chemistry of Photoinduced Charge Separation, Photoinduced Charge Separation - Photoinduced Charge Separation in Photosynthesis Read more here: » Photoinduced Charge Separation: Encyclopedia II - Photoinduced Charge Separation - The Process of Photoinduced Charge Separation |
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| | | | | Charge: Encyclopedia II - London Congestion Charge - Why the Congestion Charge is notable The congestion plan has attracted a lot of attention for several reasons. It is the first large-scale congestion charge scheme to be introduced in the UK (a much smaller £2 scheme has been trialled in Durham). If successful in reducing traffic congestion, other busy cities around the world are likely to follow suit. The plan relies on advanced technology. Drivers may pay the charge on the Web, by SMS text message, in shops equipped with a PayPoint, or by phone. The total cost of implementing the scheme, including setting up the cameras, the ...
See also:London Congestion Charge, London Congestion Charge - The charging zone, London Congestion Charge - Technology and enforcement, London Congestion Charge - Why the Congestion Charge is notable, London Congestion Charge - The Congestion Charge in operation, London Congestion Charge - History of the Charge, London Congestion Charge - Future plans, London Congestion Charge - Wider effects Read more here: » London Congestion Charge: Encyclopedia II - London Congestion Charge - Why the Congestion Charge is notable |
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| | | | | Charge: Encyclopedia II - Shaped charge - Recommended reading Fundamentals of Shaped Charges, W.P. Walters, J.A. Zukas, John Wiley & Sons Inc , June 1989, ISBN 0471621722.
Tactical Missile Warheads, Joseph Carleone (Editor), Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics Series (V-155), Published by AIAA, 1993, ISBN 1563470675.
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See also:Shaped charge, Shaped charge - Linear shaped charges, Shaped charge - Self-Forging Fragment, Shaped charge - Explosive lenses, Shaped charge - Recommended reading, Shaped charge - External link Read more here: » Shaped charge: Encyclopedia II - Shaped charge - Recommended reading |
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| | | | | Charge: Encyclopedia II - London Congestion Charge - The charging zone The present boundary of the zone is sometimes referred to as the London Inner Ring Road. Starting at the northernmost point and moving clockwise, the major roads defining the boundary are Pentonville Road, City Road, Old Street, Commercial Street, Mansell Street, Tower Bridge Road, New Kent Road, Elephant and Castle, Vauxhall Bridge Road, Park Lane, Edgware Road, Marylebone Road and Euston Road (other roads fill the small gaps between these roads). The zone therefore includes the whole of the City of London, the city's financial district, an ...
See also:London Congestion Charge, London Congestion Charge - The charging zone, London Congestion Charge - Technology and enforcement, London Congestion Charge - Why the Congestion Charge is notable, London Congestion Charge - The Congestion Charge in operation, London Congestion Charge - History of the Charge, London Congestion Charge - Future plans, London Congestion Charge - Wider effects Read more here: » London Congestion Charge: Encyclopedia II - London Congestion Charge - The charging zone |
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| | | | | Charge: Encyclopedia II - Shaped charge - Self-Forging Fragment The Self-Forging Fragment (SFF) is also known as the Explosively Formed Penetrator (EFP), Explosively Formed Projectile (EFP), SElf-FOrging Projectile (SEFOP), Plate Charge, and Misznay-Schardin (MS) Charge. An SFF uses the action of the explosive's detonation wave(s) (and to a lesser extent the propulsive effect of its detonation products) to project and deform a plate or dish of ductile metal (such as copper, iron, or tantalum) into a compact high-velocity projectile, commonly called the slug. This slug is projected towards the target at a ...
See also:Shaped charge, Shaped charge - The liner, Shaped charge - The explosive, Shaped charge - Linear shaped charges, Shaped charge - Self-Forging Fragment, Shaped charge - Explosive lenses Read more here: » Shaped charge: Encyclopedia II - Shaped charge - Self-Forging Fragment |
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| | | | | | Charge: Encyclopedia II - Shaped charge - Explosive lenses Explosive lenses used in nuclear weapons are highly specialised shaped charges. They are used to change the approximately spherical diverging detonation wave into a spherical converging one. The converging wave is then used to collapse the various shells (tamper, reflector, pusher, etc) and finally compresses the core (pit) to a super-critical state. They are (usually) machined from a plastic bonded explosive (PBX) and an inert insert, sometimes called a wave shaper, which is often a high density foam or plastic, though many other material c ...
See also:Shaped charge, Shaped charge - Linear shaped charges, Shaped charge - Self-Forging Fragment, Shaped charge - Explosive lenses, Shaped charge - Recommended reading, Shaped charge - External link Read more here: » Shaped charge: Encyclopedia II - Shaped charge - Explosive lenses |
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| | | | | | | Charge: Encyclopedia II - Pickett's Charge - Artillery barrage The infantry charge was preceded by what General Lee hoped would be a powerful and well-concentrated cannonade of the Union center, destroying the Union artillery batteries that could defeat the assault and demoralizing the Union infantry. But a combination of inept artillery leadership and defective equipment doomed the cannonade from the beginning. Longstreet's corps artillery chief, Colonel Edward Porter Alexander, was in effective command of the field; Lee's artillery chief, Maj. Gen. William N. Pendleton, played little role other than t ...
See also:Pickett's Charge, Pickett's Charge - Plans and command structures, Pickett's Charge - Artillery barrage, Pickett's Charge - Infantry assault, Pickett's Charge - Aftermath, Pickett's Charge - Controversies, Pickett's Charge - Battlefield today Read more here: » Pickett's Charge: Encyclopedia II - Pickett's Charge - Artillery barrage |
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| | | | | | | Charge: Encyclopedia II - Charge of the Light Brigade - Events The charge was made by the Light Brigade of the British cavalry, consisting of the 4th and 13th Light Dragoons, 17th Lancers, and the 8th and 11th Hussars, under the command of Major General the Earl of Cardigan. Together with the Heavy Brigade comprising the 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards, the 5th Dragoon Guards, the 6th Inniskilling Dragoons and the Scots Greys, commanded by Major General J Yorke-Scarlett, himself a past Commanding Officer of the 5th Dragoon Guards, these units were the main British cavalry force at the battle. Overall ...
See also:Charge of the Light Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Events, Charge of the Light Brigade - Aftermath, Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Light Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Kipling's response, Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Heavy Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Other media, Charge of the Light Brigade - External link Read more here: » Charge of the Light Brigade: Encyclopedia II - Charge of the Light Brigade - Events |
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| | | | | Charge: Encyclopedia II - Charge of the Light Brigade - Aftermath There is a persistent myth that the brigade was completely destroyed, which is not true. However, the unit did suffer terribly, with 118 men killed, 127 wounded, and 362 horses lost; after regrouping only 195 men were still with horses. The futility of the action and its reckless bravery prompted the French Marshal Pierre Bosquet to state "C'est magnifique, mais ce n'est pas la guerre." ("It is magnificent, but it is not war.") The Russian commanders are said to have initially believed that the British soldiers must have been drunk. The reputation of the British cavalry was significantly enhanced as a result of the cha ...
See also:Charge of the Light Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Events, Charge of the Light Brigade - Aftermath, Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Light Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Kipling's response, Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Heavy Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Other media, Charge of the Light Brigade - External link Read more here: » Charge of the Light Brigade: Encyclopedia II - Charge of the Light Brigade - Aftermath |
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