Lotus Sect

A Buddhist sect founded by the great Master Hui Yuan about 390 A.D. at his monastery on Mount Lu in Kiangsi Province in China.

The Lotus Sect believes in and honors Amitabha Buddha and declares that, through the chanting of his name and by purifying and finally ridding oneself of desire, one can be reborn in the Pure Land. There one is born of a lotus, and, depending on one's degree of purification and practice, one is born into one of the nine grades of the lotus: upper superior, middle superior, lower superior, etc.

 (See also: Lotus Sect , Buddhism, Body Mind and Soul)

For more dictionary entries, see » Chanting Dictionary

A humourous reference to the flagellants can be seen in the Monty Python movie Monty Python and the Holy Grail. Near the beginning of the movie, some monks can be witnessed, hitting their own heads with books, while chanting "Pie Iesu Domine, Dona Eis Requiem." It is noted in the screenplay as being "a la SEVENTH SEAL." The albino monk, Silas, practices several forms of self mutilation for ...

See also:

Flagellant, Flagellant - History, Flagellant - Modern flagellants, Flagellant - Catholic, Flagellant - Other, Flagellant - References in today's culture, Flagellant - External link

Read more here: » Flagellant: Encyclopedia II - Flagellant - References in today's culture

yama-niyama: (Sanskrit) "Restraints-observances."

The first two of the eight limbs of raja yoga, constituting Hinduism's fundamental ethical codes, the yamas and niyamas are the essential foundation for all spiritual progress. They are codified in numerous scriptures including the Shandilya and Varuha Upanishads, Hatha Yoga Pradipika by Gorakshanatha, the Tirumantiram of Tirumular and the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. All the above texts list ten yamas and ten niyamas, with the exception of Patanjali's classic work, which lists only five of each.

The yamas are the ethical restraints; the niyamas are the religious practices. Because it is brief, the entire code can be easily memorized and reviewed daily by the spiritual aspirant. Here are the ten traditional yamas and ten niyamas.

yamas:

1)    ahimsa: "Noninjury." Not harming others by thought, word, or deed.

2)    satya: "Truthfulness." Refraining from lying and betraying promises.

3)    asteya: "Nonstealing." Neither stealing, nor coveting nor entering into debt.

4)    brahmacharya: (Sanskrit) "Divine conduct." Controlling lust by remaining celibate when single, leading to faithfulness in marriage.

5)    kshama: (Sanskrit) "Patience." Restraining intolerance with people and impatience with circumstances.

6)    dhriti: "Steadfastness." Overcoming nonperseverance, fear, indecision and changeableness.

7)    daya: "Compassion." Conquering callous, cruel and insensitive feelings toward all beings.

8)    arjava: "Honesty, straightforwardness." Renouncing deception and wrongdoing.

9)    mitahara: "Moderate appetite." Neither eating too much nor consuming meat, fish, fowl or eggs.

10) shaucha: "Purity." Avoiding impurity in body, mind and speech. -

niyamas:

1)    hri: "Remorse." Being modest and showing shame for misdeeds.

2)    santosha: "Contentment." Seeking joy and serenity in life.

3)    dana: "Giving." Tithing and giving generously without thought of reward.

4)    astikya: (Sanskrit) "Faith." Believing firmly in God, Gods, guru and the path to enlightenment.

5)    Ishvarapujana: "Worship of the Lord." The cultivation of devotion through daily worship and meditation.

6)    siddhanta shravana: "Scriptural listening." Studying the teachings and listening to the wise of one's lineage.

7)    mati: "Cognition." Developing a spiritual will and intellect with the guru's guidance.

8)    vrata: "Sacred vows." Fulfilling religious vows, rules and observances faithfully.

9)    japa: "Recitation." Chanting mantras daily.

10) tapas: (Sanskrit) "Austerity." Performing sadhana, penance, tapas and sacrifice.

Patanjali lists the yamas as: ahimsa, satya, asteya, brahmacharya and aparigraha (noncovetousness); and the niyamas as: shaucha, santosha, tapas, svadhyaya (self-reflection, scriptural study) and Ishvarapranidhana (worship).

See: raja yoga.

(See also: Yama-niyama , Hinduism, Body Mind and Soul)

For more dictionary entries, see » Chanting Dictionary

Stotras are Hindu prayers that praise aspects of God, such as Devi, Siva, or Vishnu. Stotras, according to Swami Tapasyananda, are invariably uttered aloud and consist of chanting verses conveying the glory and attributes of God. The three most famous and sacred stotras in Hinduism are Lalitha Sahasranama, Shri Rudram Chamakam, and Vishnu Sahasranama. Other famous Stotras are: Sri Ramraksha Stotra, Sri Maruti Stotra. Shruti (primary scriptures): Vedas | U

Read more here: » Stotras: Encyclopedia - Stotras

A seraph (Hebrew שרף, SRF; in the plural seraphim, שרפים, SRFYM) is one of a class of celestial beings mentioned once in the Old Testament (Tanakh), in Isaiah. Later Jewish imagery perceived them as having human form, and in that way they passed into the ranks of Christian angels. Seraph - Seraphim in Isaiah. Isaiah (6:1-3) records the prophet's vision of the Seraphim: "... I saw the Lord sitting upon a throne, high and lifted up; and His tra ...

Including:

• Seraph - Seraphim in Isaiah
• Seraph - Seraphim in the Book of Revelation
• Seraph - Seraphim in Christian theology
• Seraph - Names attributed to this angelic order

Read more here: » Seraph: Encyclopedia - Seraph

Daisaku Ikeda (池田 大作, born January 2, 1928) is the president of the Soka Gakkai International (SGI), a Buddhist association of more than 12 million members in more than 190 countries and territories, and founder of several educational, cultural and research institutions. Born of poor origins, his family endured the hardships of the war, as many did. In his youth, he lost an older brother to World War II, which developed in him a strong opposition to war. In his late teens, he learned of Nichiren Shoshu Bud ...

Including:

• Daisaku Ikeda - Accomplishments
• Daisaku Ikeda - Books

Read more here: » Daisaku Ikeda: Encyclopedia - Daisaku Ikeda

Buddhism, naturally following from Vedic society, also developed its own system and understanding of mantra, which while similar to that of Hinduism's, also took on its own particularities, especially according to region. Mantra - Mantra in Shingon Buddhism. Kūkai advanced a general theory of language based on his analysis of two forms of Buddhist ritual language: dharani (dhāra.nī) and mantra. Mantra is restricted to esoteric Buddhist practice whereas dharani is found in both esote ...

See also:

Mantra, Mantra - Introduction, Mantra - Mantra in Hinduism, Mantra - Mantra Japa, Mantra - Some Hindu mantras, Mantra - Lead me from Ignorance to Truth, Mantra - Hare Krishna Maha Mantra, Mantra - The shanti mantras, Mantra - Universal prayer, Mantra - Other examples, Mantra - The Hindu Bija Mantra, Mantra - Remarks, Mantra - What is Dharma?, Mantra - The Significance of the Symbol Om, Mantra - Mantras and Prayers, Mantra - Kirtan and Bhajan, Mantra - Vedic Conception of Sound, Mantra - Mantra in Buddhism, Mantra - Mantra in Shingon Buddhism, Mantra - Mantra in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism, Mantra - Om mani padme hum, Mantra - Some other mantras used by Tibetan Buddhists, Mantra - Mantra in other traditions or contexts

Read more here: » Mantra: Encyclopedia II - Mantra - Mantra in Buddhism

As a teenager, Venkataraman (that was the Sri Ramana Maharshi 's given name) had no inclination towards any form of devotion. At 16 years, self-realisation just happened. Sitting in a room Venkataraman felt as if he were dying.

Later, he recounted saying to himself: "This body is dead. It will be carried stiff to the burning ground and there be burnt and reduced to ashes. But with the death of body, am 'I' dead?

(See also: Sri Ramana Maharshi , Spiritual Guidance, God and Religion, Peace on Earth, Peace of Mind, Love and Happiness, Life and Beyond, Body Mind and Soul)

Read more here: » Sri Ramana Maharshi: Discovering the 'I' In Sixty Minutes  

A mantra is a religious syllable or poem, typically from the Sanskrit language. Their use varies according to the school and philosophy associated with the mantra. They are primarily used as spiritual conduits, words and vibrations that instill one-pointed concentration in the devotee. Other purposes have included religious ceremonies to accumulate wealth, avoid danger, or eliminate enemies. Mantras originated in India with Vedic Hinduism and were later adopted by Buddhists and Jains, now popular in various modern forms of spiritual practice which are loosely b ...

Including:

• Mantra - Introduction
• Mantra - Mantra in Hinduism
• Mantra - Mantra Japa
• Mantra - Some Hindu mantras
• Mantra - Lead me from Ignorance to Truth
• Mantra - Hare Krishna Maha Mantra
• Mantra - The shanti mantras
• Mantra - Universal prayer
• Mantra - Other examples
• Mantra - The Hindu Bija Mantra
• Mantra - Remarks
• Mantra - What is Dharma?
• Mantra - The Significance of the Symbol Om
• Mantra - Mantras and Prayers
• Mantra - Kirtan and Bhajan
• Mantra - Vedic Conception of Sound
• Mantra - Mantra in Buddhism
• Mantra - Mantra in Shingon Buddhism
• Mantra - Mantra in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism
• Mantra - Om mani padme hum
• Mantra - Some other mantras used by Tibetan Buddhists
• Mantra - Mantra in other traditions or contexts

Read more here: » Mantra: Encyclopedia - Mantra

Siddha Yoga is a spiritual group teaching traditional Hindu or yogic practices both in India and in the West. The group has an organizational foundation by the name of SYDA Foundation, founded by the second guru of the Siddha Yoga lineage, Swami Muktananda (1908 – 1982). The guru who is the latest in the lineage of teachers of Siddha yoga is a woman, Gurumayi Chidvilasananda (June 24, 1955 – ). The group has its U.S. headquarters at a large country ashram called Shree Muktananda Ashram composed of two former resort hotels i ...

Including:

• Siddha Yoga - History
• Siddha Yoga - Tenets
• Siddha Yoga - Practices
• Siddha Yoga - Criticism
• Siddha Yoga - Press articles - Favorable
• Siddha Yoga - Press articles - Critical

Read more here: » Siddha Yoga: Encyclopedia - Siddha Yoga

Yoga is a family of ancient spiritual practices that originated in India, where it remains a vibrant living tradition and is seen as a means to enlightenment. Karma Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Jnana Yoga, and Raja Yoga are considered the four main yogas, but there are many other types. In the West, yoga has become associated with the asanas (postures) of Hatha Yoga, which are popular as fitness exercises. Yoga as a means to enlightenment is central to Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and has influenced other religious and spiritual pr ...

Including:

• Yoga - Yoga practice and intention
• Yoga - The word yoga
• Yoga - Diversity of yoga
• Yoga - Yoga and religion
• Yoga - Common themes
• Yoga - Origins
• Yoga - Hindu yoga
• Yoga - Bhagavad Gita
• Yoga - Patanjali
• Yoga - God in Yoga philosophy
• Yoga - Hatha yoga
• Yoga - Natya yoga
• Yoga - Buddhist yoga
• Yoga - Yoga and tantra
• Yoga - Notable Yogis

Read more here: » Yoga: Encyclopedia - Yoga

Nam Myōhō Renge Kyō (南無妙法蓮華経, also transliterated Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō) is a mantra that is chanted as the central practice of all forms of Nichiren Buddhism. The mantra is referred to as daimoku (題目, "title") and was first "revealed" by the Japanese Buddhist teacher Nichiren on the 28th day of the fourth lunar month of 1253 ce at Kiyosumi-dera (also, Seichōji) near Kominato in current-day Chiba, Japan. The practice ...

Including:

• Nam Myoho Renge Kyo - Meaning

Read more here: » Nam Myoho Renge Kyo: Encyclopedia - Nam Myoho Renge Kyo

The following subsections contain remarks on the nature and use of mantras in their context as Hindu religious practice. Mantra - What is Dharma?. A western expert on Hindu philosophy and religion writes: Sanatan (eternal) Dharma as a universal tradition has room for all faiths and all religious and spiritual practices regardless of the time or country of their origin. Yet it places religious and spiritual teachings in their appropriate place relative to the ultimate goal of Self-realization, ...

See also:

Mantra, Mantra - Introduction, Mantra - Mantra in Hinduism, Mantra - Mantra Japa, Mantra - Some Hindu mantras, Mantra - Lead me from Ignorance to Truth, Mantra - Hare Krishna Maha Mantra, Mantra - The shanti mantras, Mantra - Universal prayer, Mantra - Other examples, Mantra - The Hindu Bija Mantra, Mantra - Remarks, Mantra - What is Dharma?, Mantra - The Significance of the Symbol Om, Mantra - Mantras and Prayers, Mantra - Kirtan and Bhajan, Mantra - Vedic Conception of Sound, Mantra - Mantra in Buddhism, Mantra - Mantra in Shingon Buddhism, Mantra - Mantra in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism, Mantra - Om mani padme hum, Mantra - Some other mantras used by Tibetan Buddhists, Mantra - Mantra in other traditions or contexts

Read more here: » Mantra: Encyclopedia II - Mantra - Remarks

The central belief to Siddha Yoga is that one should honor the Self within all. This Self is the universal consciousness found within all. Students have various beliefs about the nature of the Siddha Gurus. Some believe that the Guru is a perfected human being who, by a mixture of spiritual work and grace from the preceding Guru, has achieved full realization of the Divine in their lifetime. Others believe that Swamis Muktananda and Chidvilasananda are wonderful teachers who show them the goodness within themselves and others. The ultimate goal of Siddha Yoga is the end of human sufferi ...

See also:

Siddha Yoga, Siddha Yoga - History, Siddha Yoga - Beliefs, Siddha Yoga - Practices, Siddha Yoga - Criticism, Siddha Yoga - Press articles - Favorable, Siddha Yoga - Press articles - Critical

Read more here: » Siddha Yoga: Encyclopedia II - Siddha Yoga - Beliefs

Students believe that the Guru is a perfected human being who, by a mixture of spiritual work and grace from the preceding Guru, has achieved full realization of the Divine in their lifetime. They believe that the nature of every human being is perfect and divine and the ultimate goal is the end of human suffering and the attainment of supreme bliss. Siddha Yoga's core teachings are Muktananda's two aphorisms, "God dwells within you as you," and "See God in each other." The primary philosophical bas ...

See also:

Siddha Yoga, Siddha Yoga - History, Siddha Yoga - Tenets, Siddha Yoga - Practices, Siddha Yoga - Criticism, Siddha Yoga - Press articles - Favorable, Siddha Yoga - Press articles - Critical

Read more here: » Siddha Yoga: Encyclopedia II - Siddha Yoga - Tenets

Early examples of psych folk bands were Syd Barrett, The Incredible String Band, and Tyrannosaurus Rex. It has continued to be performed up to the present day. Other notable psych folk artists are Robyn Hitchcock and Current 93. Since the 1990s, Elephant Six Collective, with bands like Neutral Milk Hotel has been known to release psych folk records. The latest generation of psych folk artists in the early 2000s include Animal Collective, DeVotchKa, Faun Fables, testface, Sun City Girls, Dame Darcy, Kemialliset Ystävät, Devandra Banhart, PG Six, Pothole Skinny, Tower Recordings, Eyes and Arms of Smoke, ...

See also:

Psych folk, Psych folk - Overview

Read more here: » Psych folk: Encyclopedia II - Psych folk - Overview

Brahma (Devanagari ब्रह्मा, pronounced as "brəhmα:") is the Hindu creator god, and one of the Trimurti, the others being Vishnu and Shiva. He must not be confused with the Supreme Cosmic Spirit of Hindu philosophy Brahman (the word stems of both are the same). Brahmā is identied with the Vedic deity Prajapati. Brahmacharya The word Brahmacharya symbolises a person who is leading a life in quest of Brahma, or in other words a student. The root "Bra ...

See also:

Glossary of terms in Hinduism, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - A, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - B, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - C, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - D, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - E, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - F, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - G, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - H, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - I, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - J, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - K, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - L, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - M, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - N, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - O, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - P, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - Q, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - R, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - S, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - T, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - U, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - V, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - W, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - Y, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - Z, Glossary of terms in Hinduism - Notes

Read more here: » Glossary of terms in Hinduism: Encyclopedia II - Glossary of terms in Hinduism - B

Meditation like yoga originated in Vedic Hinduism many centuries ago, it was much later adopted into a wide variety of practices of religious and non-religious formats which emphasize mental activity or quiesscence. The English word comes from the Latin meditatio, which originally indicated every type of physical or intellectual exercise, but which later could perhaps be better translated as "contemplation." This usage is found in Christian spirituality, for example, when one "meditates" on the sufferings of Christ; as w ...

Including:

• Meditation - Overview
• Meditation - Types of meditation
• Meditation - Meditation in context
• Meditation - Physical postures
• Meditation - Frequency and duration
• Meditation - Purposes and effects of meditation
• Meditation - Metta meditation: the practice of loving-kindness
• Meditation - Health applications and clinical studies of meditation
• Meditation - Meditation and the brain
• Meditation - Meditation and EEG's
• Meditation - Adverse effects
• Meditation - Meditation and drugs

Read more here: » Meditation: Encyclopedia - Meditation

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