History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian ChurchIncluding:

• Mary, the mother of Jesus - Titles given to Mary
• Mary, the mother of Jesus - Historical records
• Mary, the mother of Jesus - Later Christian writings and traditions
• Mary, the mother of Jesus - Mary in The Qur'an
• Mary, the mother of Jesus - Christian and Muslim beliefs about Mary
• Mary, the mother of Jesus - Immaculate Conception of Mary
• Mary, the mother of Jesus - Mary's age
• Mary, the mother of Jesus - Virgin birth of Jesus
• Mary, the mother of Jesus - Theotokos Mother of God
• Mary, the mother of Jesus - Perpetual virginity
• Mary, the mother of Jesus - Dormition and Assumption
• Mary, the mother of Jesus - Religious attitudes towards Mary
• Mary, the mother of Jesus - Veneration of Mary: Divisions Among Christians
• Mary, the mother of Jesus - Joint Anglican/Roman Catholic document
• Mary, the mother of Jesus - Non-Abrahamic worship of Mary
• Mary, the mother of Jesus - Mary and Shakespeare
• Mary, the mother of Jesus - Portrayals
• Mary, the mother of Jesus - Footnotes

Read more here: » Mary, the mother of Jesus: Encyclopedia - Mary, the mother of Jesus

History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian ChurchIncluding:

• Mary the mother of Jesus - Titles given to Mary
• Mary the mother of Jesus - Historical records
• Mary the mother of Jesus - Christian Scriptures
• Mary the mother of Jesus - Later Christian writings and traditions
• Mary the mother of Jesus - Mary in The Qur'an
• Mary the mother of Jesus - Christian and Muslim beliefs about Mary
• Mary the mother of Jesus - Immaculate Conception of Mary
• Mary the mother of Jesus - Mary's age
• Mary the mother of Jesus - Virgin birth of Jesus
• Mary the mother of Jesus - Theotokos Mother of God
• Mary the mother of Jesus - Perpetual virginity
• Mary the mother of Jesus - Dormition and Assumption
• Mary the mother of Jesus - Religious attitudes towards Mary
• Mary the mother of Jesus - Veneration of Mary: Divisions Among Christians
• Mary the mother of Jesus - Joint Anglican/Roman Catholic document
• Mary the mother of Jesus - Non-Abrahamic worship of Mary
• Mary the mother of Jesus - Mary and Shakespeare
• Mary the mother of Jesus - Portrayals
• Mary the mother of Jesus - Footnotes

Read more here: » Mary the mother of Jesus: Encyclopedia - Mary the mother of Jesus

Historic Unitarianism believed in the oneness of God as opposed to traditional Christian belief in the Trinity (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit). Historic Unitarians believed in the moral authority, but not the deity, of Jesus. Unitarians are characterized by some as being identified through history as free thinkers and dissenters, evolving their beliefs in the direction of rationalism and humanism. Throughout the world, many Unitarian congregations and associations belong to the International Council of Unitarians and Universalis ...

Including:

• Unitarianism - Forms of Unitarianism
• Unitarianism - History
• Unitarianism - Early origins
• Unitarianism - Poland
• Unitarianism - Transylvania and Hungary
• Unitarianism - England
• Unitarianism - Scotland
• Unitarianism - Ireland
• Unitarianism - United States
• Unitarianism - Germany
• Unitarianism - Denmark
• Unitarianism - Spain
• Unitarianism - Impact and opposition

Read more here: » Unitarianism: Encyclopedia - Unitarianism

The Eastern Orthodox Church (encompassing national Orthodox jurisdictions such as Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, etc.—see Eastern Orthodox Church organization) is a body of Christians which claims origins extending directly back to Jesus and his Apostles through unbroken Apostolic Succession. Its doctrines were formalized through a series of church councils, the most authoritative being the Seven Ecumenical Councils held between the 4th and 8th centuries. These councils were convened out of the necessity to resolve conflicts that ...

Including:

• Eastern Orthodox Church - Beliefs
• Eastern Orthodox Church - The Trinity
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Salvation
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Tradition
• Eastern Orthodox Church - The Bible
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Sin and redemption
• Eastern Orthodox Church - The Incarnation
• Eastern Orthodox Church - The Theotokos
• Eastern Orthodox Church - The Resurrection
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Saints relics and the deceased
• Eastern Orthodox Church - The Last Things
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Art and Architecture
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Church buildings
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Icons
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Traditions
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Chanting
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Incense
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Monasticism
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Fasting
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Almsgiving
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Baptism
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Chrismation
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Holy Communion
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Repentance
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Marriage
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Holy Orders
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Anointing with Holy Oil
• Eastern Orthodox Church - History
• Eastern Orthodox Church - The early Church
• Eastern Orthodox Church - The Roman/Byzantine Empire
• Eastern Orthodox Church - The Seven Ecumenical Councils
• Eastern Orthodox Church - The Great Schism
• Eastern Orthodox Church - Conversion of the Slavs
• Eastern Orthodox Church - The Church in North America
• Eastern Orthodox Church - The Church today

Read more here: » Eastern Orthodox Church: Encyclopedia - Eastern Orthodox Church

History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church Catholicism Orthodox Christianity Protestantism Christian denominatio ...

Including:

• Roman Catholic Church - Overview
• Roman Catholic Church - Terminology
• Roman Catholic Church - Beliefs
• Roman Catholic Church - The nature of God
• Roman Catholic Church - Humanity's separation from God
• Roman Catholic Church - The role of the Church
• Roman Catholic Church - Magisterium
• Roman Catholic Church - Salvation
• Roman Catholic Church - The Christian Path
• Roman Catholic Church - Social teaching
• Roman Catholic Church - Liturgy
• Roman Catholic Church - Sacraments
• Roman Catholic Church - Relations with other Christians
• Roman Catholic Church - Particular Churches within the single Catholic Church
• Roman Catholic Church - Particular Churches or Rites
• Roman Catholic Church - Particular or local Churches
• Roman Catholic Church - Theological significance
• Roman Catholic Church - Note on liturgical rites in use within the Latin or Western Church
• Roman Catholic Church - Liturgical rites currently in use within the Catholic Church of Latin Rite
• Roman Catholic Church - Defunct Catholic Western liturgical rites
• Roman Catholic Church - The hierarchical constitution of the Church
• Roman Catholic Church - The Pope
• Roman Catholic Church - The cardinalate
• Roman Catholic Church - The episcopate
• Roman Catholic Church - Priests and deacons
• Roman Catholic Church - The consecrated life
• Roman Catholic Church - Worldwide distribution
• Roman Catholic Church - Criticisms and controversies
• Roman Catholic Church - Historical criticism
• Roman Catholic Church - Contemporary criticism

Read more here: » Roman Catholic Church: Encyclopedia - Roman Catholic Church

The most basic attempt to put the religion of Islam in a brief statement of doctrine is the shahada, the proclamation that there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is His prophet. More detailed credal declarations of Islamic dogma constitute aqidah. ...

See also:

Creed, Creed - Christian creeds, Creed - Apostles' Creed, Creed - A creed as a catalogue of heresies, Creed - Other creeds, Creed - Islamic creeds

Read more here: » Creed: Encyclopedia II - Creed - Islamic creeds

Christianity, affirming that God has been begotten and manifest in the human being Jesus, has formulated a number of statements of faith that seek to put its doctrine in a nutshell. In this sense, perhaps the earliest statement of Christian faith is the slogan affirming that Jesus is Lord, which appears in St Paul's Epistle to the Romans 10:9. The meaning and importance of this slogan comes from its affirmation that Jesus Christ is the full revelation of the God Yahweh of Judaism made incarnate, a doctrine thought impossible and indeed blasphemou ...

See also:

Creed, Creed - Christian creeds, Creed - Apostles' Creed, Creed - A creed as a catalogue of heresies, Creed - Other creeds, Creed - Islamic creeds

Read more here: » Creed: Encyclopedia II - Creed - Christian creeds

Communion between Christian Churches has been broken over matters of faith, when each side accused the other of heresy or departure from the true faith (orthodoxy). Communion has been broken also because of disputes that do not involve matters of faith, as when there is disagreement about questions of authority or the legitimacy of the election of a particular bishop. In these latter cases, each side accuses the other of schism, but not of heresy. Major breaches of communion: The Churches that accepted the teaching of the ...

See also:

Eastern Rite, Eastern Rite - Eastern and Western Latin Catholics, Eastern Rite - Historical background, Eastern Rite - The term Uniat[e], Eastern Rite - List of Eastern Catholic Churches

Read more here: » Eastern Rite: Encyclopedia II - Eastern Rite - Historical background

Egypt is often identified as the place of refuge that the Holy Family sought in its flight from Judea: "When he arose, he took the young Child and His mother by night and departed for Egypt, and was there until the death of Herod the Great, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the Lord through the prophet, saying, Out of Egypt I called My Son" (Matthew 2:12-23). The Egyptian Church, which is now more than nineteen centuries old, was the subject of many prophecies in the Old Testament. Isaiah the prophet, in Chapter 19, Verse 19 says "In that day there will be an altar to the LORD in the midst of the land of ...

See also:

Coptic Christianity, Coptic Christianity - History, Coptic Christianity - The Catechetical School of Alexandria Egypt, Coptic Christianity - Monasticism and missionary work, Coptic Christianity - Council of Nicea, Coptic Christianity - Council of Constantinople, Coptic Christianity - Council of Ephesus, Coptic Christianity - Council of Chalcedon, Coptic Christianity - From Chalcedon to the Arab conquest of Egypt, Coptic Christianity - The Arab conquest of Egypt, Coptic Christianity - From the 19th century to the 1952 revolution, Coptic Christianity - Coptic Christianity today, Coptic Christianity - Prominent Copts, Coptic Christianity - Bibliography

Read more here: » Coptic Christianity: Encyclopedia II - Coptic Christianity - History

Ecumenical council - Councils #1 to #7. 1. First Council of Nicaea, (325); repudiated Arianism, adopted the Nicene Creed. This and all subsequent councils are not recognized by nontrinitarian churches: Arians, Unitarians, and Jehovah's Witnesses et al. 2. First Council of Constantinople, (381); revised the Nicene Creed into present form used in the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches and prohibited any further alteration of the Creed without the assent of an Ecumenical Council. 3. Counc ...

See also:

Ecumenical council, Ecumenical council - Council documents, Ecumenical council - List of ecumenical councils, Ecumenical council - Councils #1 to #7, Ecumenical council - Councils #8 and #9, Ecumenical council - Councils #10 to #21 for Catholics, Ecumenical council - Acceptance of the councils, Ecumenical council - Mormonism: accept none, Ecumenical council - Nontrinitarian churches: accept none, Ecumenical council - The Assyrian Church: accept #1 and #2, Ecumenical council - Oriental Orthodoxy: accept #1 #2 and #3, Ecumenical council - Protestantism: accept #1-#7 with reservations, Ecumenical council - Eastern Orthodoxy: accept #1-#7; some also accept #8eo #9eo, Ecumenical council - Roman Catholicism: accept #1-#7 #8cor #9cor #10-#21

Read more here: » Ecumenical council: Encyclopedia II - Ecumenical council - List of ecumenical councils

The situation continued to deteriorate, with the pope demanding the convocation of a new council and the emperor refusing to budge, all the while appointing bishops in agreement with Dioscorus. All this changed dramatically with the death of Theodosius II and the elevation of Marcian to the imperial throne, for Marcian was a defender of the doctrine of Flavian and Leo. Marcian agreed to hold a new council, but not in Italy, as the pope had requested, but rather in the East, but he invited the pope to preside in person. He had the exiled bishops returned to their dioceses, and had t ...

See also:

Council of Chalcedon, Council of Chalcedon - Historical background, Council of Chalcedon - Relics of Nestorianism, Council of Chalcedon - Eutychian controversy, Council of Chalcedon - Latrocinium of Ephesus, Council of Chalcedon - Convocation and session, Council of Chalcedon - Consequences of the council

Read more here: » Council of Chalcedon: Encyclopedia II - Council of Chalcedon - Convocation and session

In the late Kabbalistic tradition, originating in the city of Safed in the 16th century, an essential part of representations of the Tree of life or Etz Hayim is a set of three vertical lines of light, each line being headed by Sefirot, or degrees of altruistic quality at the top. These three Sefirot form a spiritual or heavenly triangle, which rules the whole earthly part of the Tree of Life. It is obvious that Sefirot of Kether (Crown), Chochmah (Wisdom) and Binah (Understanding), i.e. Ancient One, Father and Mother, or even Chochmah, Bina ...

See also:

Trinity, Trinity - Scripture and tradition, Trinity - Baptism as the beginning lesson, Trinity - Key scriptural texts cited by trinitarians, Trinity - Ontology of the Trinity, Trinity - Historical view and usage, Trinity - One God, Trinity - God exists in three persons, Trinity - Orthodox Roman Catholic and Protestant distinctions, Trinity - Historical development, Trinity - Dissent from the doctrine, Trinity - Other views of the Trinity, Trinity - Theory of pagan origin and influence, Trinity - Christian life and the Blessed Trinity, Trinity - Similarities in the 16th-century Jewish Kabbalah, Trinity - In popular culture

Read more here: » Trinity: Encyclopedia II - Trinity - Similarities in the 16th-century Jewish Kabbalah

Egypt is often identified as the place of refuge that the Holy Family sought in its flight from Judea: "When he arose, he took the young Child and His mother by night and departed for Egypt, and was there until the death of Herod the Great, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the Lord through the prophet, saying, Out of Egypt I called My Son" (Matthew 2:12-23). The Egyptian Church, which is now more than nineteen centuries old, was the subject of many prophecies in the Old Testament. Isaiah the prophet, in Chapter 19, Verse 19 says "In that day there will be an altar to the LORD in the midst of the land of ...

See also:

Coptic Christianity, Coptic Christianity - History, Coptic Christianity - The Catechetical School of Alexandria Egypt, Coptic Christianity - Egyptian origin of the cross symbol, Coptic Christianity - Monasticism and missionary work, Coptic Christianity - Council of Nicea, Coptic Christianity - Council of Constantinople, Coptic Christianity - Council of Ephesus, Coptic Christianity - Council of Chalcedon, Coptic Christianity - From Chalcedon to the Arab conquest of Egypt, Coptic Christianity - The Arab conquest of Egypt, Coptic Christianity - From the 19th century to the 1952 revolution, Coptic Christianity - Coptic Christianity today, Coptic Christianity - Prominent Copts, Coptic Christianity - Bibliography

Read more here: » Coptic Christianity: Encyclopedia II - Coptic Christianity - History

In the Valérian comics, the Trinity appeared as a tough, street-hardened police sergeant (Father), a hippie (Son) and a broken jukebox (Holy Spirit). In the Fritz Lang film Metropolis, the city mayor Joh Fredersen represents the Father and the humble city proletariat as the Holy Spirit. The son of the mayor, Freder Fredersen, represents the Son. The film ends in statement: The intermediator between brain [Father] and ...

See also:

Trinity, Trinity - Scripture and tradition, Trinity - Baptism as the beginning lesson, Trinity - Key scriptural texts cited by trinitarians, Trinity - Ontology of the Trinity, Trinity - Historical view and usage, Trinity - One God, Trinity - God exists in three persons, Trinity - Orthodox Roman Catholic and Protestant distinctions, Trinity - Historical development, Trinity - Dissent from the doctrine, Trinity - Other views of the Trinity, Trinity - Theory of pagan origin and influence, Trinity - Christian life and the Blessed Trinity, Trinity - Similarities in the 16th-century Jewish Kabbalah, Trinity - In popular culture

Read more here: » Trinity: Encyclopedia II - Trinity - In popular culture

In the late Kabbalistic tradition, originating in the city of Safed in the 16th century, an essential part of representations of the Tree of life or Etz Hayim is a set of three vertical lines of light, each line being headed by Sefirot, or degrees of altruistic quality at the top. These three Sefirot form a spiritual or heavenly triangle, which rules the whole earthly part of the Tree of Life. It is obvious that Sefirot of Kether (Crown), Chochmah (Wisdom) and Binah (Understanding), i.e. Ancient One, Father and Mother, or even Chochmah, Bina ...

See also:

Trinity, Trinity - Scripture and tradition, Trinity - Baptism as the beginning lesson, Trinity - Scriptural texts cited as implicit support for the doctrine of the Trinity, Trinity - Ontology of the Trinity, Trinity - Historical view and usage, Trinity - One God, Trinity - God exists in three persons, Trinity - Orthodox Roman Catholic and Protestant distinctions, Trinity - Historical development, Trinity - Dissent from the doctrine, Trinity - Other views of the Trinity, Trinity - Theory of pagan origin and influence, Trinity - Christian life and the Blessed Trinity, Trinity - Similarities in the 16th-century Jewish Kabbalah, Trinity - In popular culture

Read more here: » Trinity: Encyclopedia II - Trinity - Similarities in the 16th-century Jewish Kabbalah

In the Valérian comics, the Trinity appeared as a tough, street-hardened police sergeant (Father), a hippie (Son) and a broken jukebox (Holy Spirit). In the Fritz Lang film Metropolis, the city mayor Joh Fredersen represents the Father and the humble city proletariat as the Holy Spirit. The son of the mayor, Freder Fredersen, represents the Son. The film ends in statement: The intermediator between brain [Father] and ...

See also:

Trinity, Trinity - Scripture and tradition, Trinity - Baptism as the beginning lesson, Trinity - Scriptural texts cited as implicit support for the doctrine of the Trinity, Trinity - Ontology of the Trinity, Trinity - Historical view and usage, Trinity - One God, Trinity - God exists in three persons, Trinity - Orthodox Roman Catholic and Protestant distinctions, Trinity - Historical development, Trinity - Dissent from the doctrine, Trinity - Other views of the Trinity, Trinity - Theory of pagan origin and influence, Trinity - Christian life and the Blessed Trinity, Trinity - Similarities in the 16th-century Jewish Kabbalah, Trinity - In popular culture

Read more here: » Trinity: Encyclopedia II - Trinity - In popular culture

By this time, the pope had received communications from Flavian, and had himself determined that Eutyches was in the wrong and that the deposition in 447 was just. He wrote to the council, telling them that they must accept his judgment on the matter, but he left the punishment of Eutyches open for discussion. It appears Pope Leo I was unaware of the confession made to Pope Dioscorus of Alexandria. Theodosius' council convened on August 8, 449, with some 130 bishops in attendance. Dioscorus presided by command of the emperor. The empe ...

See also:

Council of Chalcedon, Council of Chalcedon - Historical background, Council of Chalcedon - Relics of Nestorianism, Council of Chalcedon - Eutychian controversy, Council of Chalcedon - Latrocinium of Ephesus, Council of Chalcedon - Convocation and session, Council of Chalcedon - Consequences of the council

Read more here: » Council of Chalcedon: Encyclopedia II - Council of Chalcedon - Latrocinium of Ephesus

Certain scholars have noted that, "Earliest Christian worship specifies two figures, God and Jesus, as recipients" (Hurtado, Larry, "The Binitarian Shape of Early Christian Worship". International Conference on the Historical Origins of the Worship of Jesus, 13-17 June 1998), and that early Jewish rabbis considered early Christianity to be binitarian (Summary of response by Alan F. Segal, International Conference on the ...

See also:

Binitarianism, Binitarianism - In scholarly views of early Christian theology, Binitarianism - Church of God binitarianism, Binitarianism - Contrast with trinitarians, Binitarianism - Compared to Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholics, Binitarianism - Binitarianism Throughout History, Binitarianism - Conclusion

Read more here: » Binitarianism: Encyclopedia II - Binitarianism - Binitarianism Throughout History

The Catholic-Orthodox Joint Declaration of 1965 was read out on 7 December 1965 simultaneously at a public meeting of the Second Vatican Council in Rome and at a special ceremony in Constantinople. It addressed an exchange of excommunications between prominent ecclesiastics in the Roman see and the Patriarchate of Constantinople in 1054. It did not end the East-West Schism but showed a desire for greater reconciliation between the two churches, represented by P ...

See also:

East-West Schism, East-West Schism - Origins, East-West Schism - Early schisms, East-West Schism - Great Schism, East-West Schism - Reconciliation

Read more here: » East-West Schism: Encyclopedia II - East-West Schism - Reconciliation

The catalysts of the Great Schism included: the insertion of the filioque clause into the Nicene Creed by the Roman church in direct violation of the command of the Council of Ephesus, an action called non-canonical by the Eastern church. disputes in the Balkans over whether the Western or Eastern church had jurisdiction. the designation of the Patriarch of Constantinople as ecumenical patriarch (which was understood by Rome as universal patriarch and therefore disputed). disputes over whether t ...

See also:

East-West Schism, East-West Schism - Origins, East-West Schism - Early schisms, East-West Schism - Great Schism, East-West Schism - Reconciliation

Read more here: » East-West Schism: Encyclopedia II - East-West Schism - Great Schism

Larry W. Hurtado of University of Edinburgh uses the word binitarian to describe the position of early Christian devotion to God, which ascribes to the Son (Jesus) an exaltedness that in Judaism would be reserved for God alone, while still affirming as in Judaism that God is one, and is alone to be worshiped. He writes: ...there are a fairly consistent linkage and subordination of Jesus to God 'the Father' in these circles, evident even in the Christian texts from the latter decades of the first century that are commonly regard ...

See also:

Binitarianism, Binitarianism - In scholarly views of early Christian theology, Binitarianism - Church of God binitarianism, Binitarianism - Contrast with trinitarians, Binitarianism - Compared to Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholics, Binitarianism - Binitarianism Throughout History, Binitarianism - Conclusion

Read more here: » Binitarianism: Encyclopedia II - Binitarianism - In scholarly views of early Christian theology