Chalcedonian

The Chalcedonian churches are those Christian churches who follow the Christological teachings of the Council of Chalcedon, in contradistinction to Nestorians, Monophysites and Monothelites. The latter are sometimes referred to collectively as non-Chalcedonian. Some non-Chalcedonians call the Chalcedonian teaching Dyophysitic. The primary emphasis of Chalcedonian christology is the full humanity and full divinity of Jesus, the second person of the Holy Trinity. Oriental Orthodoxy viewed this as equating them with Nestorianism (due to the a ...

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Christology is that part of Christian theology that studies and defines who Jesus the Christ was and is. It is generally less concerned with the minor details of his life; rather it deals with who he was, the incarnation, and the major events of his life (his birth, death, and resurrection). Important issues in Christology include: His human nature His divine nature The interrelationship between these two natures; how they interacted and affected each other Christology may also cover ...

Including:

• Christology - Some Christological viewpoints
• Christology - Print resources

Read more here: » Christology: Encyclopedia - Christology

The Republic of Armenia, or Armenia (Armenian: Հայաստան, Hayastan, Հայք, Hayq), is a landlocked country in the southern Caucasus, between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east and Iran (Persia) and the Nakhichevan exclave of Azerbaijan to the south. Armenia is a member of the Council of Europe and the Commonwe ...

Including:

• Armenia - Origin of the name
• Armenia - History
• Armenia - Politics
• Armenia - Administrative Provinces
• Armenia - Geography
• Armenia - Economy
• Armenia - Demographics
• Armenia - Culture
• Armenia - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Armenia: Encyclopedia - Armenia

Babai the Great (c.551-628) is one of the pillars of the Assyrian Church of the East. He was the unofficial head of his church, revived the Assyrian monastic movement, and formulated its Christology in a systematic way. Babai the Great - Biography. Babai the Great was born in Beth Ainata in Beth Zabdai. Born to a wealthy Persian family, he received a primary education in the Persian (Pahlavi) books. He continued his studies at the Christian School of Nisibis under the directorship of Abraham of Beth Rabban. ...

Including:

• Babai the Great - Biography
• Babai the Great - Babai's teaching
• Babai the Great - Babai's writing
• Babai the Great - Babai's christology

Read more here: » Babai the Great: Encyclopedia - Babai the Great

Monophysitism (from the Greek monos meaning 'one, alone' and physis meaning 'nature') is the christological position that Christ has only one nature, as opposed to the Chalcedonian position which holds that Christ has two natures, one divine and one human. There are two major doctrines that can undisputedly be called monophysite: Eutychianism holds that the human nature of Christ was essentially obliterated by the Divine, "dissolved like a drop of honey in the sea". Apollinarianism holds that ...

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History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church Catholicism Orthodox Christianity Protestantism Christian denominations
Including:

• East-West Schism - Origins
• East-West Schism - Early schisms
• East-West Schism - Great Schism
• East-West Schism - Reconciliation

Read more here: » East-West Schism: Encyclopedia - East-West Schism

Since its earliest days, the Church recognized the special positions of three bishops, who were known as patriarchs: the Bishop of Rome, the Bishop of Alexandria, and the Bishop of Antioch. They were joined by the Bishop of Constantinople and by the Bishop of Jerusalem, both confirmed as patriarchates by the Council of Chalcedon in 451 (see Pentarchy). The patriarchs held both authority and precedence over fellow bishops in the Church. Among them, the Bishop of Rome (the Pope) was deemed to hold a higher status, by virtue of his position as ...

See also:

East-West Schism, East-West Schism - Origins, East-West Schism - Early schisms, East-West Schism - Great Schism, East-West Schism - Reconciliation

Read more here: » East-West Schism: Encyclopedia II - East-West Schism - Origins

Eastern Orthodox Church - Chanting. Orthodox services are sung nearly in their entirety. Services consist in part of a dialog between the clergy and the people (often represented by the choir or the Psaltis (Cantor). In each case the text is sung or chanted following a prescribed musical form. Almost nothing is read in a normal speaking voice with the exception of the homily if one is given. The church has developed eight Modes or Tones, (see Octoechos) within which a chant may be set, depending on the time of ye ...

See also:

Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox Church - Beliefs, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Trinity, Eastern Orthodox Church - Salvation, Eastern Orthodox Church - Tradition, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Bible, Eastern Orthodox Church - Sin and redemption, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Incarnation, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Theotokos, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Resurrection, Eastern Orthodox Church - Saints relics and the deceased, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Last Things, Eastern Orthodox Church - Art and Architecture, Eastern Orthodox Church - Church buildings, Eastern Orthodox Church - Icons, Eastern Orthodox Church - Traditions, Eastern Orthodox Church - Chanting, Eastern Orthodox Church - Incense, Eastern Orthodox Church - Monasticism, Eastern Orthodox Church - Fasting, Eastern Orthodox Church - Almsgiving, Eastern Orthodox Church - Baptism, Eastern Orthodox Church - Chrismation, Eastern Orthodox Church - Holy Communion, Eastern Orthodox Church - Repentance, Eastern Orthodox Church - Marriage, Eastern Orthodox Church - Holy Orders, Eastern Orthodox Church - Anointing with Holy Oil, Eastern Orthodox Church - History, Eastern Orthodox Church - The early Church, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Roman/Byzantine Empire, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Seven Ecumenical Councils, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Great Schism, Eastern Orthodox Church - Conversion of the Slavs, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Church in North America, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Church today

Read more here: » Eastern Orthodox Church: Encyclopedia II - Eastern Orthodox Church - Traditions

Makuria - Origins. The origins of Makuria are uncertain. Ptolemy mentions a Nubian people known as the Makkourae, who might be ancestors to the Makurians[5]. The kingdom is believed to have formed in the 4th or 5th century. The first recorded mention of it is in a work by the 6th-century John of Ephesus, who decries its hostility to Monophysite missionaries traveling to Alodia. Soon after John of Biclarum wrote approvingly of Makuria's a ...

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Makuria, Makuria - Sources, Makuria - History, Makuria - Origins, Makuria - Height, Makuria - Decline, Makuria - Economy, Makuria - Government, Makuria - Religion, Makuria - Culture, Makuria - Rulers, Makuria - Notes

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He was born Murvan (alternatively, Nabarnugios), prince of Iberia. His father, King Bosmarios, invited a noted philosopher Mithradates from Lazica to take part in Murvan’s education. In 423, the prince was sent as a political hostage to Constantinople, where he got a brilliant education under a personal patronage of the Roman empress Eudocia, wife of Theodosius II. Eventually, the young prince, together with his mentor Mithradates, left the palace and escaped to make a pilgrimage to Palestine where he became a monk at Jerusalem unde ...

See also:

Peter the Iberian, Peter the Iberian - Life, Peter the Iberian - Legacy, Peter the Iberian - Biographies

Read more here: » Peter the Iberian: Encyclopedia II - Peter the Iberian - Life

The original Armenian name for the country was Hayq, later Hayastan, translated as the land of Haik, and consisting of the name Haik and the Persian suffix '-stan' (land). According to legend, Haik was a great-great-grandson of Noah (son of Togarmah, who was a son of Gomer, a son of Noah's son, Japheth), and according to an ancient Armenian tradition, a forefather of all Armenians. He is said to have settled below Mount Ararat, travelled to assist in building the Tower of Babel, and, after his return, defeated the Babylo ...

See also:

Armenia, Armenia - Origin of the name, Armenia - History, Armenia - Politics, Armenia - Administrative Provinces, Armenia - Geography, Armenia - Economy, Armenia - Demographics, Armenia - Culture, Armenia - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Armenia: Encyclopedia II - Armenia - Origin of the name

Some important controversies have included the controversy with Arians over Christ's divinity and relationship with the Father, which led to the adoption of the Nicene-Constantinople Creed; the controversy over Nestorianism, and that over Monophysitism (and its derivates Monothelitism and Monoenergism) which led to the first Seven Ecumenical Councils and their many decrees, canons and professions of faith. The adoption of the Chalcedonian view of Christology was, as Karl Rahner would say, key to the beginning of Christological Discussion. Other controvers ...

See also:

Christology, Christology - Some Christological viewpoints, Christology - Print resources

Read more here: » Christology: Encyclopedia II - Christology - Some Christological viewpoints

Babai the Great was born in Beth Ainata in Beth Zabdai. Born to a wealthy Persian family, he received a primary education in the Persian (Pahlavi) books. He continued his studies at the Christian School of Nisibis under the directorship of Abraham of Beth Rabban. Somewhere around 571 when the Origenist Henana of Adiabene became the new headmaster and Abraham the Great of Kashkar founded a new monastery on Mt. Izla above Nisibis, he taught for a while at the Xenodocheio of Nisibis. After that he joined the newly founded monastery of Abraham o ...

See also:

Babai the Great, Babai the Great - Biography, Babai the Great - Babai's teaching, Babai the Great - Babai's writing, Babai the Great - Babai's christology

Read more here: » Babai the Great: Encyclopedia II - Babai the Great - Biography

The original Armenian name for the country was Hayq, later Hayastan, translated as the land of Haik, and consisting of the name Haik and the Persian suffix '-stan' (land). According to legend, Haik was a great-great-grandson of Noah (son of Togarmah, who was a son of Gomer, a son of Noah's son, Japheth), and according to Christian tradition, a forefather of all Armenians. He is said to have settled below Mount Ararat, travelled to assist in building the Tower of Babel, and, after his return, defeated the Assyrian ki ...

See also:

Armenia, Armenia - Origin of the name, Armenia - History, Armenia - Politics, Armenia - Administrative Provinces, Armenia - Geography, Armenia - Economy, Armenia - Demographics, Armenia - Culture, Armenia - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Armenia: Encyclopedia II - Armenia - Origin of the name

Eastern Orthodox Church - Chanting. Orthodox services are sung nearly in their entirety. Services consist in part of a dialog between the clergy and the people (often represented by the choir or the Psaltis (Cantor). In each case the text is sung or chanted following a prescribed musical form. Almost nothing is read in a normal speaking voice with the exception of the homily if one is given. The church has developed eight Modes or Tones, (see Octoechos) within which a chant may be set, depending on the time of ye ...

See also:

Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox Church - Beliefs, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Trinity, Eastern Orthodox Church - Salvation, Eastern Orthodox Church - Tradition, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Bible, Eastern Orthodox Church - Sin and redemption, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Incarnation, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Theotokos, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Resurrection, Eastern Orthodox Church - Saints relics and the deceased, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Last Things, Eastern Orthodox Church - Art and architecture, Eastern Orthodox Church - Church buildings, Eastern Orthodox Church - Icons, Eastern Orthodox Church - Traditions, Eastern Orthodox Church - Chanting, Eastern Orthodox Church - Incense, Eastern Orthodox Church - Monasticism, Eastern Orthodox Church - Fasting, Eastern Orthodox Church - Almsgiving, Eastern Orthodox Church - Baptism, Eastern Orthodox Church - Chrismation, Eastern Orthodox Church - Holy Communion, Eastern Orthodox Church - Repentance, Eastern Orthodox Church - Marriage, Eastern Orthodox Church - Holy Orders, Eastern Orthodox Church - Anointing with Holy Oil, Eastern Orthodox Church - History, Eastern Orthodox Church - The early Church, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Roman/Byzantine Empire, Eastern Orthodox Church - The seven ecumenical councils, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Oriental Orthodox, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Great Schism, Eastern Orthodox Church - Conversion of the Slavs, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Church in North America, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Church today, Eastern Orthodox Church - Footnote

Read more here: » Eastern Orthodox Church: Encyclopedia II - Eastern Orthodox Church - Traditions

Eastern Orthodox Church - Church buildings. The church building has many symbolic meanings. Perhaps the oldest and most prominent is the concept that the Church is the Ark (as in Noah's) in which the world is saved from the flood of temptations. And so, most Orthodox Churches are rectangular in design. Another popular shape, especially for churches with large choirs is the Cross. Architectural patterns may vary in shape and complexity, with chapels sometimes added around the main church, or triple altars, but ...

See also:

Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox Church - Beliefs, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Trinity, Eastern Orthodox Church - Salvation, Eastern Orthodox Church - Tradition, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Bible, Eastern Orthodox Church - Sin and redemption, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Incarnation, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Theotokos, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Resurrection, Eastern Orthodox Church - Saints relics and the deceased, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Last Things, Eastern Orthodox Church - Art and architecture, Eastern Orthodox Church - Church buildings, Eastern Orthodox Church - Icons, Eastern Orthodox Church - Traditions, Eastern Orthodox Church - Chanting, Eastern Orthodox Church - Incense, Eastern Orthodox Church - Monasticism, Eastern Orthodox Church - Fasting, Eastern Orthodox Church - Almsgiving, Eastern Orthodox Church - Baptism, Eastern Orthodox Church - Chrismation, Eastern Orthodox Church - Holy Communion, Eastern Orthodox Church - Repentance, Eastern Orthodox Church - Marriage, Eastern Orthodox Church - Holy Orders, Eastern Orthodox Church - Anointing with Holy Oil, Eastern Orthodox Church - History, Eastern Orthodox Church - The early Church, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Roman/Byzantine Empire, Eastern Orthodox Church - The seven ecumenical councils, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Oriental Orthodox, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Great Schism, Eastern Orthodox Church - Conversion of the Slavs, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Church in North America, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Church today, Eastern Orthodox Church - Footnote

Read more here: » Eastern Orthodox Church: Encyclopedia II - Eastern Orthodox Church - Art and architecture

Eastern Orthodox Church - The early Church. Christianity first spread in the predominantly Greek-speaking eastern half of the Roman Empire. Paul and the Apostles traveled extensively throughout the Empire, establishing Churches in major communities, with the first Churches appearing in Antioch, Alexandria, and Jerusalem, and then the two political centres of Rome and Constantinople. Orthodox believe an Apostolic Succession was established; this played a key role in the Church's view of itself as the preserver of ...

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Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox Church - Beliefs, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Trinity, Eastern Orthodox Church - Salvation, Eastern Orthodox Church - Tradition, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Bible, Eastern Orthodox Church - Sin and redemption, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Incarnation, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Theotokos, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Resurrection, Eastern Orthodox Church - Saints relics and the deceased, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Last Things, Eastern Orthodox Church - Art and architecture, Eastern Orthodox Church - Church buildings, Eastern Orthodox Church - Icons, Eastern Orthodox Church - Traditions, Eastern Orthodox Church - Chanting, Eastern Orthodox Church - Incense, Eastern Orthodox Church - Monasticism, Eastern Orthodox Church - Fasting, Eastern Orthodox Church - Almsgiving, Eastern Orthodox Church - Baptism, Eastern Orthodox Church - Chrismation, Eastern Orthodox Church - Holy Communion, Eastern Orthodox Church - Repentance, Eastern Orthodox Church - Marriage, Eastern Orthodox Church - Holy Orders, Eastern Orthodox Church - Anointing with Holy Oil, Eastern Orthodox Church - History, Eastern Orthodox Church - The early Church, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Roman/Byzantine Empire, Eastern Orthodox Church - The seven ecumenical councils, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Oriental Orthodox, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Great Schism, Eastern Orthodox Church - Conversion of the Slavs, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Church in North America, Eastern Orthodox Church - The Church today, Eastern Orthodox Church - Footnote

Read more here: » Eastern Orthodox Church: Encyclopedia II - Eastern Orthodox Church - History

Armenia is a landlocked country in the southern Caucasus. Located between the Black and Caspian Seas, Armenia is bordered on the north and east by Georgia and Azerbaijan, and on the south and west by Iran and Turkey. Though geographically in Western Asia, politically and culturally Armenia is closely aligned with Europe. Historically, Armenia has been at the crossroads between Europe and Southwest Asia, and is therefore seen as a transcontinental nation. The Republic of Armenia, covering an area of 30,000 sq km, is locat ...

See also:

Armenia, Armenia - Origin of the name, Armenia - History, Armenia - Politics, Armenia - Administrative Provinces, Armenia - Geography, Armenia - Economy, Armenia - Demographics, Armenia - Culture, Armenia - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Armenia: Encyclopedia II - Armenia - Geography

Armenia has been populated by humans since prehistoric times, and has been proposed as the site of the Biblical Garden of Eden. Armenia was a regional empire with a rich culture in the years leading up to the 1st century, spanning from the shores of the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea and the Mediterranean Sea during the rule of Tigranes the Great. Armenia's strategic location between two continents has subjected it to invasions by many pe ...

See also:

Armenia, Armenia - Origin of the name, Armenia - History, Armenia - Politics, Armenia - Administrative Provinces, Armenia - Geography, Armenia - Economy, Armenia - Demographics, Armenia - Culture, Armenia - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Armenia: Encyclopedia II - Armenia - History

The Government of Armenia's stated aim is to build a Western-style parliamentary democracy as the basis of its form of government. However, international observers have questioned the fairness of Armenia's parliamentary and presidential elections and constitutional referenda since 1995, citing polling deficiencies, lack of cooperation by the electoral commission, and poor maintenance of electoral lists and polling places. For the most part however, Armeni ...

See also:

Armenia, Armenia - Origin of the name, Armenia - History, Armenia - Politics, Armenia - Administrative Provinces, Armenia - Geography, Armenia - Economy, Armenia - Demographics, Armenia - Culture, Armenia - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Armenia: Encyclopedia II - Armenia - Politics