Chaitanya Dictionary

Krishnadasa Kaviraja Goswami

the author of Sri Chaitanya-charitamrita.

(See also: Krishnadasa Kaviraja Goswami , Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

adi-lila

initial pastimes. Refers specifically here to the first twenty-four years of Lord Chaitanya’s pastimes; the portion of the Chaitanya-charitamrita recounting those pastimes.

(See also: adi-lila , Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

antya-lila

the last eighteen years of Lord Chaitanya’s manifest pastimes; the portion of the Chaitanya-charitamrita recounting those pastimes.

(See also: antya-lila , Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

A Yoga Dictionary from Abhyasa to Yukti.

From "Kundalini Yoga" by Sri Swami Sivananda

Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (Chaitanyadeva)

The form in which the Personality of Godhead Krishna made His advent in 1486 at Mayapura, West Bengal, and acted in the guise of His own devotee. He taught the pure worship of Radha and Krishna, primarily by sankirtana, the congregational chanting of Their names.

(See also: Chaitanya Mahaprabhu , Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Gaudiya Vaishnava sampradaya

The school of pure devotion to Radha and Krishna founded by Lord Chaitanya Mahaprabhu and His followers. It formally descends from the Brahma-Madhva sampradaya through Lord Chaitanya’s initiation by Sri Ishvara Puri.

(See also: Gaudiya Vaishnava sampradaya , Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Brahma:

The name of the highest demigod in this creation. He is born on a lotus flower, which sprouts from the navel of Lord Vishnu. He has four heads. During his day, the creation exists, and during his night it is absorbed within him. His day lasts for 1,000 chatur yugas, or 1,000 cycles of four periods: Satya yuga, Treta yuga, Dvapara yuga and Kali yuga.

As a demigod, he rules over some of the nakshatras as well as some of the shastiamshas used in vedic astrology. He is beholden only to Vishnu, Sada Shiva and Krishna. All other demigods in this creation are under Brahma, including such great personalities and demigods as Indra, Agni, Surya, Chandra, etc. The incarnations of the lord who appear on earth of his own sweet will are above Brahma. This includes Shri Krishna, Shri Ramachandra, Shri Narasimha, and Shri Chaitanya to name a few.

(See also: Brahma , Psychic, Psychic Dictionary, Parapsychology, Parapsychology Dictionary)

Sarvabhauma Bhattacharya

A prominent scholar of Navya-nyaya logic and Vedanta who tried to instruct Lord Chaitanya Mahaprabhu and then surrendered to Him. He is regarded as being in fact one of Lord Chaitanya’s closest eternal associates.

(See also: Sarvabhauma Bhattacharya , Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

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Nityananda

the incarnation of Lord Balarama who is a principal associate of Lord Chaitanya.

(See also: Nityananda , Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

PRAJNA: Chaitanya associated with the causal body in the deep sleep state

(See also: PRAJNA , Hinduism, Hinduism Dictionary, Sanskrit Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Vishvarupa

1. A son of the demigod Tvashta. To win power to defeat the demons led by Vritra, the demigods took Vishvarupa as their priest. But because he had a secret affinity for the demons and offered them oblations in sacrifice, Indra beheaded him. 2. The elder brother of Lord Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.

(See also: Vishvarupa , Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Mahaprabhu

supreme master of all masters; refers to Lord Chaitanya.

(See also: Mahaprabhu , Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Shiksashtakam

eight verses of instruction in devotional service written by Lord Chaitanya.

(See also: Shiksashtakam , Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Ishvara Puri

Lord Chaitanya’s spiritual master.

(See also: Ishvara Puri , Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Bilvamangala Thakura

A great Vaishnava poet, also known as Lilashuka. He was the author of Krishna-karnamrita, a book rediscovered and revered by Lord Chaitanya.

(See also: Bilvamangala Thakura , Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Orissa

Orissa is an eastern state belonging to the Indian sub-continent. The city of Bhubaneswar (temple city of India) is the state capital.

During the medieval times, the state corresponding roughly with now-a-days Orissa passed under the various names such as: Utkala, Kalinga, and Odra (Udra) Desa. The state boundaries varied from time to time and were sometimes much larger. These land names are associated with peoples. The Okkala or Utkala, the Kalinga, and the Odra or Oddaka were mentioned in literature as tribes. Ancient Greeks knew the latter two as Kalingai and Oretes. Eventually the names got identified with the territories. The land was inhabited by semi-Hinduized tribes (shabaras) in the hinterland, a group of farming Brahmins (halua brahmuna) who practised invincible Tantra method near Jajpur area (the place of Goddess Biraja), and people of other castes and trades as well. For centuries before and after the birth of Christ, Kalinga was a formidable political power, extending from the Ganga river to the Godavari river. Approximately between the 11th and 16th centuries the name was twisted; the name Odra Desa was gradually transformed into Uddisa, Udisa, or Odisa, which in English became Orissa. The language of Odisa came to be known as Oriya.

Kalinga was already famous at the dawn of Indian history. Buddhist sources refer to the rule of King Brahmadutta in Kalinga at the time of the Buddha's death. In the 4th century BC the first Indian empire builder, Mahapadma Nanda, conquered Kalinga, but the Nanda rule was short-lived. In 260 BC the Mauryan emperor Ashoka invaded Kalinga and fought one of the greatest and most bloody wars of ancient history. He then renounced war, became a Buddhist, and preached peace and non-violence in and outside India. In the 1st century BC the Kalinga emperor Kharavela conquered vast territories that collectively came to be called the Kalinga empire.

Kalinga became a maritime power beginning in the 1st century AD, and its overseas activities culminated in the 8th century with the establishment of the Shailendra empire in Java. Orissa was ruled during the 8th, 9th, and 10th centuries by the powerful Bhauma-Kara dynasty and in the 10th and 11th centuries by the Soma dynasty. The Lingaraj temple at Bhubaneshwar, the greatest Shiva monument of India, was initiated by the king Yayati.

Medieval Orissa enjoyed a golden age under the Ganga Dynasty. Its founder, Anantavarma Chodagangadeva (1078-1147), ruled from the Ganges to the Godavari with "Cuttack" city as the state capital. He began the construction of the temple of Jagannaatha (Lord of the Universe) at Puri. Narasimhadeva 1 (1238-64) built the Sun Temple (Surya Mandira) of Konarka, one of the finest and best creations of Hindu architecture all over the world. In the 13th and 14th centuries, when much of India was overrun by the Muslims, independent Orissa remained a citadel of Hindu religion, philosophy, art, and architecture. The "Veera Kalinga Putras" (brave sons of Kalinga) were the last to give up, till it was conquered by betraying.

The Gangas were succeeded by the Surya dynasty. Its first king, Kapilendradeva (1435-66), won territories from his Muslim neighbours and greatly expanded the Orissa kingdom. His successor, Purushottamadeva, maintained these gains with difficulty. The next and the last Surya king, Prataparudradeva, became a disciple of the naamayogi avataar Chaitanya mahaprabhu, the great medieval saint, and became a pacifist. After his death (1540) Orissa's power declined, and in 1568, when King Mukundadeva was killed by his own countrymen, Orissa lost its independence to the Afghan rulers of Bengal.

The Mughal emperor Akbar conquered Orissa from the Afghans in 1590-92. When the Mughal Empire fell in 1761, part of Orissa remained under the Bengal nawaabs, but the greater part was snatched by the Marathas. The Bengal sector came under British rule in 1757 after the Battle of Plassey; the Maratha sector was conquered by the British in 1803. Although after 1803 the British controlled the entire Oriya-speaking area, it continued to be administered as two units. It was not until April 1, 1936, that the British heeded calls for unification on a linguistic basis and constituted Orissa as a separate province; 26 Oriya princely states, however, remained outside the provincial administration. After the independence of India in 1947, all these princely states except Saraikela and Kharsawan (which merged with Bihar) became part of Orissa.

Geography:

The state can be broadly divided into four natural divisions: (1) the northern plateau, (2) the eastern ghats, (3) the central tract, and (4) the coastal plains. The northern plateau (in the northern part of the state) is an extension of the forest-covered, lightly settled, and mineral-rich Chot-Nagpur plateau centred in southern Bihar. The eastern ghats, extending roughly parallel to the coast, are remnants of a very ancient line of hills in eastern peninsular India; rising to heights of 3,600 feet (1,100 metres), the eastern ghats are forest-covered, provide a home for a variety of wildlife, and are populated by several tribal groups. The central tract comprises a series of plateaus and basins occupying the inland area west and north of the Eastern Ghats; the plateau areas provide scant resources, but several of the basins--notably the Kalahandi, Balangir, Hirakud, and Jharsuguda--have the soil and the irrigation facilities to support local agriculture. The coastal plains are formed of alluvial soils deposited by the many rivers flowing to the Bay of Bengal; locally the area is known as the Baleshwar Coastal Plain to the northeast, the Mahanadi delta in the centre, and the Chilika Plain to the southwest. The coastal plains are heavily populated, have extensive irrigation, and are devoted almost entirely to the growing of rice during the rainy season.

The main rivers are the Subarnarekha, Burabalang, Baitarani, Brahmani, Mahanadi, Rushikulya, and Vamsadhara. Notable mountain ranges are the Mahendra Hill (Giri; rising to 4,924 feet [1,501 metres]), the Malaya Hill (3,894 feet [1,187 metres]), and the Megasini (3,822 feet [1,165 metres]). Orissa's Chilika Lake is the biggest saltwater lagoon in India.€€€

(See also: Orissa , Hinduism, Yoga, Body Mind and Soul)

Jagannatha (-deva)

“Lord of the universe,” an ancient Deity of Krishna. He was established along with His brother Balarama and sister Subhadra in the holy city of Puri, on the coast of Orissa. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu resided in Puri and worshiped Lord Jagannatha.

(See also: Jagannatha , Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Gaura (Gauranga, Gaurasundara)

A name of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu meaning “golden.”

(See also: Gaura , Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Gaura Purnima

the appearance day of Lord Chaitanya.

(See also: Gaura Purnima.” , Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Gopinatha Acharya

the son-in-law of Sarvabhauma Bhattacharya, with whom he argued in favor of Lord Chaitanya’s divinity.

(See also: Gopinatha Acharya , Bhakti, Bhakti Yoga, Bhakti Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)