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Chaim Weizmann: Encyclopedia - Chaim Weizmann
Chaim Azriel Weizmann (Hebrew: חיים ויצמן) (also: Chaijim W., Haim W.) (November 27, 1874 – November 9, 1952) chemist, statesm...
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1952: Encyclopedia - 1952
1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar).
1952 - Events.
January 8 - West Germany has 8 mill...
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Balfour Declaration 1917: Encyclopedia - Balfour Declaration 1917
The Balfour Declaration was a letter dated November 2, 1917 from British Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour on behalf of the British ...
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Amos Oz: Encyclopedia - Amos Oz
Amos Oz (born May 4, 1939), birth name Amos Klausner, is an Israeli writer, novelist, and journalist. He is also a professor of literatur...
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British Mandate Of Palestine: Encyclopedia - British Mandate Of Palestine
The British Mandate of Palestine was a territory in the Middle East including the modern territories of Israel, Jordan, and the West Bank...
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1948 Arab-israeli War: Encyclopedia - 1948 Arab-israeli War
The 1948 Arab-Israeli War is referred to as the "War of Independence" (Hebrew: מלחמת העצמאות) or as the "War of Liberation" (...
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1948: Encyclopedia - 1948
1948 (MCMXLVIII) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar).
1948 - Events.
1948 - January-February.
Januar...
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Zeev Jabotinsky: Encyclopedia - Zeev Jabotinsky
Ze'ev (Vladimir) Jabotinsky (alternatively Zhabotinski) (Hebrew: זאב ז'בוטינסקי, Russian: Зеэв (Владимир Евге...
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Acetone: Encyclopedia - Acetone
In chemistry, acetone (also known as propanone, dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone, propan-2-one and beta-ketopropane) is the simplest represen...
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Clostridium Acetobutylicum: Encyclopedia - Clostridium Acetobutylicum
Clostridium acetobutylicum (C. acetobutylicum) is a commercially valuable bacterium, included in the genus Clostridium. It is sometimes c...
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Walter Rothschild 2nd Baron Rothschild: Encyclopedia - Walter Rothschild 2nd Baron Rothschild
Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild (February 8, 1868 – August 27, 1937) was a British banker and zoologist from the interna...
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Clostridium: Encyclopedia - Clostridium
Clostridium acetobutylicum
Clostridium aerotolerans
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium colicanis
Clostridium difficile
Clostridium formica...
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Vilnius: Encyclopedia - Vilnius
Vilnius (pronunciation ▶ (help·info), Belarusian: Вільня, Polish: Wilno, Russian: Вильнюс, formerly Вильно, Germa...
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Zionism: Encyclopedia - Zionism
Zionism is a political movement and an ideology that supports a Jewish homeland in the Land of Israel, where the Jewish nation originated...
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Anti-zionism: Encyclopedia - Anti-zionism
Anti-Zionism is a term used to describe several different political and religious points of view. Anti-Zionist positions have in common s...
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World Zionist Organization: Encyclopedia - World Zionist Organization
Land of Israel
Districts · Cities · Transportation
Dead Sea · Red Sea · Sea of Galilee
Mediterranean · Negev · Judea · Samaria
Jer...
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World Zionist Organization: Encyclopedia Ii - World Zionist Organization - Membership And Delegations
Membership in the WZO was open to all Jews, and the right to vote for delegates to the Congresses was secured by the purchase of the Zion...
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List Of Russian Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Russian Jews - Historical Figures
List of Russian Jews - Politicians.
Alexey Arbatov, Russian politician & defence analyst
Georgy Arbatov, Soviet politician, academ...
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Hebrew University Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Hebrew University Of Jerusalem - History
One of the Zionist movement's dreams was to establish a Hebrew university in the land of Israel. The establishment of the university was ...
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Riots In Palestine Of 1920: Encyclopedia Ii - Riots In Palestine Of 1920 - Warning Signs
During their annual spring festival Nebi Musa (Prophet Moses), Muslims march from Jerusalem on the road to Jericho to where they believe ...
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Balfour Declaration 1917: Encyclopedia Ii - Balfour Declaration 1917 - Text Of The Declaration
The declaration, a typed letter signed in ink by Balfour, reads as follows:
Foreign Office
November 2nd, 1917
Dear Lord Rothschild,
I h...
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Ezer Weizman: Encyclopedia Ii - Ezer Weizman - Military Career
Ezer Weizman was a combat pilot. He received his training in the British Army which he joined in 1942 in order to help the British overco...
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Evian Conference: Encyclopedia Ii - Evian Conference - Proceedings
In the course of the conference, the delegates expressed sympathy for the refugees, but offered only excuses for not letting in more refu...
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Balfour Declaration 1917: Encyclopedia Ii - Balfour Declaration 1917 - Text Of The Declaration
The declaration, a typed letter signed in ink by Balfour, reads as follows:
Foreign Office,
November 2nd, 1917.
Dear Lord Rothschild,
I...
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Louis Brandeis: Encyclopedia Ii - Louis Brandeis - Supreme Court Justice
Overcoming significant opposition to his appointment (notably from ex-President and future Chief Justice William Howard Taft), Brandeis b...
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1948: Encyclopedia Ii - 1948 - Events
1948 - January-February.
January 1 - Nationalisation of UK railways to form British Railways. Arab militants lay siege to the Jewish Q...
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Doctors' Plot: Encyclopedia Ii - Doctors' Plot - The Second Holocaust Controversy
Some people think that the scenario of the "Doctors' plot" was reminiscent of the previous Stalin purges of the late 1930s, and the plan ...
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Jewish Anti-fascist Committee: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Anti-fascist Committee - Activities
Solomon Mikhoels, the popular actor and director of the Moscow State Jewish Theater, was appointed the JAC chairman. The JAC's newspaper ...
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Paul Celan: Encyclopedia Ii - Paul Celan - Bibliography
Paul Celan - In German.
Der Sand aus den Urnen (1948)
Mohn und Gedächtnis [Poppy and Remembrance](1952)
Von Schwelle zu Schwelle [Fro...
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President Of Israel: Encyclopedia Ii - President Of Israel - Election
The President is elected by an absolute majority by the Knesset (the Israeli parliament). As of the third round of voting, if no candidat...
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Zeev Jabotinsky: Encyclopedia Ii - Zeev Jabotinsky - Exiled By The British
In 1929, Jabotinsky left Palestine to attend the Sixteenth Zionist Congress. The British authorities did not allow him to return due to A...
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The Protocols Of The Elders Of Zion: Encyclopedia Ii - The Protocols Of The Elders Of Zion - History
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion - The plagiarized document.
The origin of most of what make up the Protocols lies in an 1864 pamphl...
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Acetone: Encyclopedia Ii - Acetone - Biological Aspects
As a member of the ketone bodies it is present in very small quantity in normal urine and in the blood. Larger quantities can be found af...
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Nathan Birnbaum: Encyclopedia Ii - Nathan Birnbaum - Biography
Nathan Birnbaum - Early Life.
Nathan Birnbaum was born into a Eastern European Jewish family in Vienna. After receiving a traditional r...
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Erich Mendelsohn: Encyclopedia Ii - Erich Mendelsohn - Life
Born in Allenstein, East Prussia, Mendelsohn was the fifth of six children; his mother was a hatmaker and his father a shopkeeper. He att...
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Liquid Fuels: Encyclopedia Ii - Liquid Fuels - Fossil Fuels
Main Article: Fossil Fuel
Fossil fuels which are also liquid fuels come from dead animals and plants which died many millions of years ag...
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List Of Israelis: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Israelis - Historical Figures
Land of Israel
Districts · Cities · Transportation
Dead Sea · Red Sea · Sea of Galilee
Mediterranean · Negev · Judea · Samaria
Jer...
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Fugu Plan: Encyclopedia Ii - Fugu Plan - History
Fugu Plan - Before World War II.
The plan was originally the idea of a small group of Japanese government and military officials, who s...
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Ernst Nolte: Encyclopedia Ii - Ernst Nolte - The Historikerstreit
Nolte is best known for his role in launching the Historikerstreit (Historian’s Dispute) of 1986-1987. On June 6, 1986 Nolte published ...
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1948 Arab-israeli War: Encyclopedia Ii - 1948 Arab-israeli War - Phases Of The War
1948 Arab-Israeli War - First phase: November 29 1947 - April 1 1948.
Right after the UN partition plan was approved, joint Jordanian, ...
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Vilnius: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilnius - History
Initially a Baltic settlement, it was also inhabitated by Slavs and, from at least the 11th century, by Jews. Some historians identify th...
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Walter Rothschild 2nd Baron Rothschild: Encyclopedia Ii - Walter Rothschild 2nd Baron Rothschild - Education And Zoology
Educated at Magdalene College, Cambridge, from 1889 to 1908 he worked for the family firm of NM Rothschild and Sons, in London, though hi...
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Motal': Encyclopedia Ii - Motal' - Location
Motol, 52'’ 19' N 25'’ 36' E, was in the Kobryn Uezd (district) of Grodno Gubernia (province) until the collapse of the Russian empir...
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Vilnius: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilnius - History
Initially a Baltic settlement, it was also inhabitated by Slavs and, from at least the 11th century, by Jews. Some historians identify th...
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1948 Arab-israeli War: Encyclopedia Ii - 1948 Arab-israeli War - Phases Of The War
1948 Arab-Israeli War - First phase: November 29 1947 - April 1 1948.
In the twelve days following the UN decision 79 jews were killed ...
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1952: Encyclopedia Ii - 1952 - Events
1952 - January.
January 8 - West Germany has 8 million refugees inside its borders.
January 24 - Sudden heavy snowfall in Algeria.
Jan...
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The Guardian: Encyclopedia Ii - The Guardian - History
The Manchester Guardian was founded in Manchester in 1821 by a group of non-conformist businessmen headed by John Edward Taylor. The pros...
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Zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Zionism - Establishment Of The Zionist Movement
Land of Israel
Districts · Cities · Transportation
Dead Sea · Red Sea · Sea of Galilee
Mediterranean · Negev · Judea · Samaria
Jer...
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Amos Oz: Encyclopedia Ii - Amos Oz - Life
He was born in Jerusalem, where he grew up at No. 18 Amos Street in the Kerem Avraham neighborhood. Roughly half of his fiction is set wi...
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Vilnius: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilnius - History
Initially a Baltic settlement, it was also inhabitated by Slavs and, from at least the 11th century, by Jews. Some historians identify th...
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British Mandate Of Palestine: Encyclopedia Ii - British Mandate Of Palestine - Establishment Of British League Of Nations Mandate
British interest in Zionism dates to the rise in importance of the British Empire's South Asian enterprises in the early 19th century, co...
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Anti-zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-zionism - Jewish Anti-zionism
Before the 1930s the majority of the world's Jews who were in a position to express an opinion could loosely be considered anti-Zionist, ...
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Revisionist Zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Revisionist Zionism - Revisionist Zionism: Ideology
Ideologically, Revisionism advocated the creation of a Jewish state on both sides of the Jordan River, that is, a state which would inclu...
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Anti-zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-zionism - Jewish Anti-zionism
Before the 1930s the majority of the world's Jews who were in a position to express an opinion could loosely be considered anti-Zionist, ...
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St. John Philby: Encyclopedia Ii - St. John Philby - Arab Revolt
Philby is one of the lesser known but most influential persons in the modern history of the Middle East. In late 1915 Percy Cox, chief po...
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The Protocols Of The Elders Of Zion: Encyclopedia Ii - The Protocols Of The Elders Of Zion - History
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion - The plagiarism.
The origin of most of what make up the Protocols lies in an 1864 pamphlet titled ...
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Balfour Declaration, 1917: Encyclopedia Ii - Balfour Declaration, 1917 - Text Of The Declaration
The declaration, a typed letter signed in ink by Balfour, reads as follows:
Foreign Office,
November 2nd, 1917.
Dear Lord Rothschild,
I...
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Encyclopedia
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Balfour Declaration, 1917: Encyclopedia Ii - Balfour Declaration, 1917 - Development
The record of discussions that led up to the final text of the Balfour Declaration clarifies some details of its wording. The phrase "nat...
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Anti-zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-zionism - Arab Anti-zionism
At the time when the Zionist settlement of Palestine began, most of the Arab world was under the control either of the Ottoman Empire or ...
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Revisionist Zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Revisionist Zionism - Jabotinsky And Revisionist Zionism
After World War I, Jabotinsky was elected to the first legislative assembly in the Yishuv, and in 1921 he was elected to the Executive Co...
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The Guardian: Encyclopedia Ii - The Guardian - Notable Regular Contributors Past And Present
Cartoonists
Steve Bell
David Low
Martin Rowson
Posy Simmonds
Garry Trudeau
Satirists
Jeremy Hardy
Bel Littlejohn aka Craig Brown (sati...
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Anti-zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-zionism - Socialist Bolshevik Anti-zionism
Among other world firsts, Bolsheviks should be credited with the world first massive Anti-Zionist act. Immediately after October Revoluti...
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Paul Celan: Encyclopedia Ii - Paul Celan - Celan`s Postwar Life
Considering emigration to Palestine and wary of Soviet tolerance and encouragement of Antisemitism, Celan left Soviet-occupied territory ...
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Paul Celan: Encyclopedia Ii - Paul Celan - Celan's Life During World War Ii
On arrival in July 1941 the German SS Einsatzkommando and their Romanian allies burned down the city's six-hundred-year-old Great Synagog...
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Revisionist Zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Revisionist Zionism - Irgun: Origin And Activities
The Irgun was derived from the Betar youth movement, which had by the 1940s transplanted many of its members from Europe and the United S...
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Anti-zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-zionism - Anti-zionism And Anti-semitism
Some commentators believe that criticisms of Israel and Zionism are often disproportionate in degree and unique in kind, and attribute th...
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Revisionist Zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Revisionist Zionism - Criticism
On December 4, 1948, the New York Times published a letter to the editor signed by over two dozen prominent Jews condemning Menachem Begi...
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Anti-zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-zionism - Soviet Anti-zionism
Soviet Union supported establishment of the state of Israel in 1947. At that time Bolshevik idea of World Revolution was abandoned by Jos...
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Anti-zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-zionism - Defining Anti-zionism
Anti-Zionism is often characterized by opposition to the existence of the State of Israel as a Jewish state, for instance those who advoc...
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Anti-zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-zionism - International Anti-zionism
In parallel with the rise of anti-Zionist sentiment in the west was increased hostility towards Israel at the international level. During...
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Anti-zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-zionism - Defining Anti-zionism
Anti-Zionism is often characterized by opposition to the existence of the State of Israel as a Jewish state. Opposition to the policies o...
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Anti-zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-zionism - Anti-zionism Dictionary Definitions
In addition to a conventional definition of anti-Semitism ("hostility toward Jews as a religious or racial minority group, often accompan...
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Anti-zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-zionism - Types Of Anti-zionism
Political Zionism has encountered opposition ever since it was first articulated in the 19th century. It is therefore possible to speak o...
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Paul Celan: Encyclopedia Ii - Paul Celan - Early Life
Celan was born in 1920 into a German-speaking Jewish family in Bukovina, then part of Romania. His father, Leo Antschel, was a Zionist wh...
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Revisionist Zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Revisionist Zionism - Lehi: Origin And Activities
The national-messianist movement, called Lehi and nicknamed the "Stern Gang" by the British, was led by Avraham "Yair" Stern. Lehi was fo...
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Anti-zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-zionism - Types Of Anti-zionism
Political Zionism has encountered opposition ever since it was first articulated in the 19th century. It is therefore possible to speak o...
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Anti-zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-zionism - Western Anti-zionism
Before the 1970s, serious criticism of Israel, let alone opposition to its existence, was almost unknown in the western countries, except...
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Anti-zionism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-zionism - Islamist Anti-zionism
Islamist narratives, originally more popular among the more conservative nations of Arabia itself but now fairly widespread, emphasize th...
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The Guardian: Encyclopedia Ii - The Guardian - Notable Regular Contributors Past And Present
Cartoonists
Steve Bell
David Low
Martin Rowson
Posy Simmonds
Garry Trudeau
Satirists
Jeremy Hardy
Bel Littlejohn aka Craig Brown (sati...
» Read the article
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The Protocols Of The Elders Of Zion: Encyclopedia Ii - The Protocols Of The Elders Of Zion - Contemporary Use
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion - Among Muslim nations and groups after 1948.
See also Arabs and anti-Semitism
Many Arab governme...
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Vilnius: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilnius - Coat Of Arms Of Vilnius City
The Vilnius coat of arms depicts St. Christopher (Kristupas) wading through water with the Infant Jesus on his shoulders. It was granted ...
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The Protocols Of The Elders Of Zion: Encyclopedia Ii - The Protocols Of The Elders Of Zion - Subject Matter
The Protocols take the form of an essay comprising 24 chapters (protocols) written as if it were an instruction manual to a new member of...
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St. John Philby: Encyclopedia Ii - St. John Philby - Suez Crisis
After Ibn Saud's death in 1953 Philby openly criticized the successor King Faisal, saying the royal family's morals were being picked up ...
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St. John Philby: Encyclopedia Ii - St. John Philby - Ibn Saud Adviser
Philby was of the view that both British and the Saudi family's interests would be best served by uniting the Arabian peninsula under one...
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St. John Philby: Encyclopedia Ii - St. John Philby - Philby Plan
At a February 1939 meeting in London with Ben-Gurion and Weizman, Philby offered substantial Jewish immigration to Palestine if they woul...
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Vilnius: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilnius - Geographics And Population
Vilnius is situated in southeastern Lithuania (54°41′N 25°17′E) at the confluence of the Vilnia (also known as Vilnelė) and Neris ...
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Vilnius: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilnius - Tourism
Vilnius is a cosmopolitan city with diverse architecture. There are more than 40 churches in Vilnius to see. Restaurants, hotels and muse...
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Vilnius: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilnius - Trivia
Vilnius is one of the locations featured in the video game Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon (photographs comparing the game's locations with thei...
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Vilnius: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilnius - Trivia
Vilnius is one of the locations featured in the video game Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon (photographs comparing the game's locations with thei...
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Vilnius: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilnius - Transport
Vilnius is the starting point of the Vilnius-Kaunas-Klaipėda and the Vilnius-Panevėžys highways. Though the river Neris may be navigab...
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Vilnius: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilnius - Climate
The climate of Vilnius is transitional between continental and maritime. The average annual temperature is +6.1°C, in January being −4...
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Vilnius: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilnius - Economy
Vilnius is the major economic centre of Lithuania and one of the largest financial centres of the Baltic states. Even though it is a home...
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Louis Brandeis: Encyclopedia Ii - Louis Brandeis - Zionist Leader
Brandeis also became the most prominent American Zionist. Zionism was the movement to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Not raise...
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Louis Brandeis: Encyclopedia Ii - Louis Brandeis - The Brandeis Brief
In the 1908 case Muller v. Oregon, Brandeis, acting as a litigator, collected empirical data from hundreds of sources. In what became kno...
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The Guardian: Encyclopedia Ii - The Guardian - The Guardian In The Popular Imagination
The affectionate name the Grauniad for the paper originated with the satirical magazine Private Eye; it came about because, in the past, ...
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The Guardian: Encyclopedia Ii - The Guardian - The Guardian In The Popular Imagination
The affectionate name the Grauniad for the paper came about because, in the past, it was noted for frequent text mangling, technical type...
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The Guardian: Encyclopedia Ii - The Guardian - Moving To The Berliner Paper Format
In 2004, The Guardian announced plans to change to a "Berliner" or "midi" format similar to that used by Le Monde in France and some othe...
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Fugu Plan: Encyclopedia Ii - Fugu Plan - The Plan
At its core, the Fugu Plan was a scheme to convince thousands, if not tens of thousands, of Jews to settle in Manchuria (or possibly Japa...
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Paul Celan: Encyclopedia Ii - Paul Celan - Germany And German Guilt
Celan visited Germany periodically, including trips arranged by Hanna Lenz, the wife of the Siegfried Lenz, who worked in a publishing ho...
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Paul Celan: Encyclopedia Ii - Paul Celan - Celan's Poetry
In additional to writing poetry (in German and earlier, in Romanian), he was an extremely active translator and polyglot, translating lit...
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Balfour Declaration 1917: Encyclopedia Ii - Balfour Declaration 1917 - Development And Differing Views
The record of discussions that led up to the final text of the Balfour Declaration clarifies some details of its wording. The phrase "nat...
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