Chagas disease

The disease was named after the Brazilian physician and infectologist Carlos Chagas, who first described it in 1909, but the disease was not seen as a major public health problem in humans until the 1960s. He discovered that the intestines of Triatomidae harbored a flagellate protozoan, a new species of the Trypanosoma genus, and was able to prove experimentally that it could be transmitted to marmoset monk ...

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Chagas disease, Chagas disease - History, Chagas disease - Epidemiology and geographical distribution, Chagas disease - Clinical manifestations, Chagas disease - Infection cycle, Chagas disease - Alternative infection mechanism, Chagas disease - Laboratory diagnosis, Chagas disease - Treatment, Chagas disease - Prevention, Chagas disease - Original publication, Chagas disease - Sources

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In Central and South America, the most common incidence of chronic megacolon is that observed in ca. 20% of patients affected with Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellate protozoan transmitted by the the feces of an hematophagous insect, the assassin bugs, or by contamination through blood transfusion or pregnancy. There are several theories on how megacolon (and also megaesophagus) develops in Chagas disease. The Austrian-Brazilian physician and pathologist Fritz Köberle was the first to propose a coherent hypothesis base ...

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Megacolon, Megacolon - Aganglionic megacolon, Megacolon - Toxic megacolon, Megacolon - Megacolon in Chagas disease, Megacolon - Signs and symptoms, Megacolon - Diagnosis, Megacolon - Treatment

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Harpactorinae Reduviinae Stenopodainae Emesinae Apiomerinae Ectrichodiinae Peiratinae Tegeinae Triatominae etc. Reduviidae is a family of predatory insects in the suborder Heteroptera. It includes assassin bugs and wheel bugs (genera include Arilus, Melanolestes, Psellipus, Reduvius, Rhiginia, Sinea, Triatoma, and Zelus), ambush bugs (genera include Apiomerus and Phymata), and threa ...

Including:

• Reduviidae - Physical characteristics
• Reduviidae - Feeding
• Reduviidae - Human contact

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Charles Robert Darwin (February 12, 1809 – April 19, 1882) was a British naturalist who achieved lasting fame by establishing the fact of evolution and originating the theory that this could be explained through natural and sexual selection. He developed his interest in natural history while studying first medicine, then theology, at university. Darwin's five-year voyage on the Beagle and subsequent writings brought him eminence as a geologist and fame as a popular author. His biological observations led him to study t ...

Including:

• Charles Darwin - Life
• Charles Darwin - Early life
• Charles Darwin - Journey on the Beagle
• Charles Darwin - Career in science inception of theory
• Charles Darwin - Marriage and children
• Charles Darwin - Development of theory
• Charles Darwin - Announcement and publication of theory
• Charles Darwin - Reaction
• Charles Darwin - Further work until his death
• Charles Darwin - Religious views
• Charles Darwin - Legacy
• Charles Darwin - Commemoration
• Charles Darwin - Eugenics
• Charles Darwin - Social Darwinism
• Charles Darwin - Works
• Charles Darwin - Published works
• Charles Darwin - Letters

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Achalasia or acalasia is a failure of a ring of muscle (as a sphincter) to relax (completely). It refers most commonly to esophageal achalasia, which is a neuromuscular disorder of the esophagus characterized by the reduced ability to move food down the esophagus (peristalsis). In addition, the inability of the cardia ( also called lower esophageal sphincter)- to relax in response to swall ...

Including:

• Achalasia - Signs and symptoms
• Achalasia - Diagnosis
• Achalasia - Complications
• Achalasia - Treatment and new expectations

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Bloating is any abnormal general swelling, or increase in diameter of the abdominal area. As a symptom, the patient feels a full and tight abdomen, which may cause abdominal pain. sometimes accompanied by borborygmus. Bloating may have several causes, the most common being accumulation of liquids and intestinal gas. Ascites is the proper medical term for abdominal bloating caused by excessive accumulation of liquid inside the cavity. Common causes for abdominal bloating are: Overeating (gastric distension)

Hematophagy is the habit of certain animals of feeding on blood (from the Greek words, haima, blood, and phagein, eat). Since blood is a fluid tissue rich in nutritious proteins and lipids and can be taken without enormous effort, hematophagy has evolved as a preferred form of feeding in many small animals, such as worms and arthropods. Some intestinal helminth worms, such as the Ascaris, feed on blood extracted from the capillaries of the gut and about 75% of all species of leeches (Hirudo medicinalis), a free-li ...

Including:

• Hematophagy - Mechanism and evolution of hematophagy
• Hematophagy - Medical importance
• Hematophagy - Human hematophagy

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Carlos Justiniano Ribeiro Chagas (born July 9, 1879, Oliveira, Minas Gerais, Brazil; died November 8, 1934, Rio de Janeiro), was a Brazilian physician. He discovered Chagas disease, also called American trypanosomiasis in 1909, while working at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute in Rio de Janeiro. Chagas’ work is unique in the history of medicine, because he was the only researcher so far to describe completely a new infectious disease: its pathogen, vector, host, clinical manifestations and epidemiology. Carlos Chagas ...

Including:

• Carlos Chagas - Early life
• Carlos Chagas - The discovery of Chagas disease
• Carlos Chagas - Later life
• Carlos Chagas - Bibliography

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Possible treatments include: In stable cases, use of laxatives and bulking agents, as well as modifications in diet and stool habits are effective Corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory medication is used in toxic megacolon Desimpaction of feces and decompression using anorectal and nasogastric tubes When megacolon worsens and the conservative measures fail to restore tr ...

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Megacolon, Megacolon - Aganglionic megacolon, Megacolon - Toxic megacolon, Megacolon - Megacolon in Chagas disease, Megacolon - Signs and symptoms, Megacolon - Diagnosis, Megacolon - Treatment

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Charles Darwin - Early life. Main article: Charles Darwin's education Charles Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, on February 12, 1809, at his family home, the Mount House. He was the fifth of six children of wealthy society doctor Robert Darwin and Susannah Darwin (née Wedgwood). He was the grandson of Erasmus Darwin on his father's side, and of Josiah Wedgwood on his mother's side, both from the prominent English Darwin — Wedgwood family which supported the U ...

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Charles Darwin, Charles Darwin - Life, Charles Darwin - Early life, Charles Darwin - Journey on the Beagle, Charles Darwin - Career in science inception of theory, Charles Darwin - Marriage and children, Charles Darwin - Development of theory, Charles Darwin - Announcement and publication of theory, Charles Darwin - Reaction, Charles Darwin - Further work until his death, Charles Darwin - Religious views, Charles Darwin - Legacy, Charles Darwin - Commemoration, Charles Darwin - Eugenics, Charles Darwin - Social Darwinism, Charles Darwin - Works, Charles Darwin - Published works, Charles Darwin - Letters

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List of places named after people - Australia. Queensland - Queen Victoria Tasmania - Abel Tasman Victoria - Queen Victoria List of places named after people - Brazil. Rondônia - Marshal Cândido Rondon Santa Catarina - Saint Catherine São Paulo - Saint Paul List of places named after people - Canada. Alberta - Princess Louise Caroline Alberta, fourth daughter of Queen Vict ...

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List of places named after people, List of places named after people - Continents, List of places named after people - Countries, List of places named after people - Former countries, List of places named after people - Administrative divisions, List of places named after people - Australia, List of places named after people - Brazil, List of places named after people - Canada, List of places named after people - Chile, List of places named after people - Colombia, List of places named after people - France, List of places named after people - Mexico, List of places named after people - Namibia, List of places named after people - New Zealand/Aotearoa, List of places named after people - Norway, List of places named after people - Paraguay, List of places named after people - Romania, List of places named after people - United Kingdom, List of places named after people - United States, List of places named after people - Uruguay, List of places named after people - Towns and cities, List of places named after people - Brazil, List of places named after people - Czech Republic, List of places named after people - France, List of places named after people - Germany, List of places named after people - Kyrgyzstan, List of places named after people - Poland, List of places named after people - Turkmenistan, List of places named after people - Vietnam, List of places named after people - Airports, List of places named after people - Former airports, List of places named after people - List of places categorized by name of person

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see also A Roster of Physician Writers The most famous writers: Anton Chekhov (1860-1904) - Russian playwright Erasmus Darwin - English poet Alfred de Musset (1810-1857) - known as a writer, but also discovered de Musset's sign, an indicator of syphilitic aortitis John Keats (1795-1821) - British poet. François Rabelais (1483-1553) - French author of Gargantua and Pantagruel. Friedrich von Schiller (1759-1805), German writer, poet, essayist and dramatist. See also:

List of physicians, List of physicians - Physicians famous for their role in advancement of medicine, List of physicians - Physicians otherwise notable as practitioners, List of physicians - Physicians famous chiefly as eponyms, List of physicians - Physicians famous as criminals, List of physicians - Physicians famous as writers, List of physicians - Physicians famous as politicians, List of physicians - Physicians famous for other activities

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Tsetse are biological vectors of trypanosomes meaning that tsetse, in the process of feeding, acquire and then transmit small, single-celled organisms called trypanosomes from infected vertebrate hosts to uninfected animals. Some tsetse transmitted trypanosome species cause trypanosomiasis, an infectious disease. In humans, tsetse transmitted trypanosomiasis is called sleeping sickness. In animals, tsetse vectored trypanosomiases include nagana, souma, and surra according to the animal infected and the trypanosome species involved, although the usage is not strict and naga ...

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Tsetse fly, Tsetse fly - Tsetse biology, Tsetse fly - Tsetse morphology, Tsetse fly - Tsetse anatomy, Tsetse fly - The tsetse life cycle, Tsetse fly - Tsetse metabolism, Tsetse fly - General biology, Tsetse fly - Tsetse systematics, Tsetse fly - Tsetse species, Tsetse fly - Tsetse as vectors of trypanosomiasis, Tsetse fly - Tsetse vectored human trypanosomiases, Tsetse fly - Tsetse vectored animal trypanosomiases, Tsetse fly - Tsetse control, Tsetse fly - Tsetse control techniques, Tsetse fly - Etymology, Tsetse fly - Resources, Tsetse fly - Books, Tsetse fly - External links, Tsetse fly - Google picture search

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List of eponymous diseases - A. Aarskog-Scott syndrome – Dagfinn Aarskog, Charles Scott Aase-Smith – Jon Morton Aase, David Weyhe Smith Abdallat-Davis-Farrage syndrome – Adnan Al Abdallat, S.M. Davis, James Robert Farrage Abderhalden-Kaufmann-Lignac syndrome – Emil Abderhalden, Eduard Kauffman, George Lignac Abercrombie disease – John Abercrombie Achard-Thiers syndrome – Emile Achard, Joseph Thiers Ackerman tumor – Lauren Ackerman ...

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List of eponymous diseases, List of eponymous diseases - Alphabetical list, List of eponymous diseases - A, List of eponymous diseases - B, List of eponymous diseases - C, List of eponymous diseases - D, List of eponymous diseases - E, List of eponymous diseases - F, List of eponymous diseases - G, List of eponymous diseases - H, List of eponymous diseases - J, List of eponymous diseases - K, List of eponymous diseases - L, List of eponymous diseases - M, List of eponymous diseases - N, List of eponymous diseases - O, List of eponymous diseases - P, List of eponymous diseases - R, List of eponymous diseases - S, List of eponymous diseases - T, List of eponymous diseases - U, List of eponymous diseases - V, List of eponymous diseases - W, List of eponymous diseases - X Y Z

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Medical science has tried repeatedly to pinpoint the etiology, and many hypotheses were made, such as: Psychosomatic disease [1] Panic disorder [2] Chagas' disease [3] Ménière's disease Lactose intolerance [4] Lupus erythematosus [5] Arsenic poisoning Multiple allergy Hypochondria See also:

Charles Darwin's illness, Charles Darwin's illness - Development of illness and symptoms, Charles Darwin's illness - Possible causes, Charles Darwin's illness - Psychic causation, Charles Darwin's illness - The Chagas hypothesis, Charles Darwin's illness - Ménière's disease, Charles Darwin's illness - Other possible causes, Charles Darwin's illness - Combined causes, Charles Darwin's illness - Hereditary disease, Charles Darwin's illness - Contribution to Darwin's work, Charles Darwin's illness - Conclusions, Charles Darwin's illness - Notes and source

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List of diseases starting with C - Cha. Chagas disease Chalazion Chanarin disease Chanarin Dorfman syndrome ichthyosis Chancroid Chandler's syndrome Chands syndrome Chang Davidson Carlson syndrome Chaotic atrial tachycardia Char syndrome CharcotSee also:

List of diseases starting with C, List of diseases starting with C - C, List of diseases starting with C - Ca, List of diseases starting with C - Cac-Cal, List of diseases starting with C - Cam-Can, List of diseases starting with C - Cap, List of diseases starting with C - Car, List of diseases starting with C - Cas, List of diseases starting with C - Cat, List of diseases starting with C - Cau-Cay, List of diseases starting with C - Cc-Cd, List of diseases starting with C - Ce, List of diseases starting with C - Cec-Cep, List of diseases starting with C - Cer, List of diseases starting with C - Ch, List of diseases starting with C - Cha, List of diseases starting with C - Che, List of diseases starting with C - Chi-Chl, List of diseases starting with C - Cho, List of diseases starting with C - Chr, List of diseases starting with C - Chu-Chy, List of diseases starting with C - Ci, List of diseases starting with C - Cl, List of diseases starting with C - Cla, List of diseases starting with C - Cle, List of diseases starting with C - Cli-Clu, List of diseases starting with C - Cm, List of diseases starting with C - Co, List of diseases starting with C - Coa-Cof, List of diseases starting with C - Cog-Coh, List of diseases starting with C - Col, List of diseases starting with C - Com, List of diseases starting with C - Con, List of diseases starting with C - Coo-Cop, List of diseases starting with C - Cor, List of diseases starting with C - Cos-Cox, List of diseases starting with C - Cr, List of diseases starting with C - Cra, List of diseases starting with C - Cre-Cro, List of diseases starting with C - Cry, List of diseases starting with C - Cu, List of diseases starting with C - Cul-Cus, List of diseases starting with C - Cut, List of diseases starting with C - Cy-Cz

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Brazilian science effectively began only in the first decades of the 19th century, when the Portuguese royal family, headed by D. João VI, arrived in Rio de Janeiro, escaping from the invasion of Napoleon's army in 1807. Until then, Brazil was not much more than a poor colony, without universities, printing presses, libraries, museums, etc., in stark contrast to the former colonies of Spain, which had universities since the 16th century. This was a deliberate policy of the Portuguese colonial power, because they feared that the appearance o ...

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Brazilian science and technology, Brazilian science and technology - History, Brazilian science and technology - The First Empire, Brazilian science and technology - The Second Empire, Brazilian science and technology - Organization, Brazilian science and technology - Funding, Brazilian science and technology - Timeline, Brazilian science and technology - Important universities, Brazilian science and technology - Research institutes, Brazilian science and technology - Scientific societies, Brazilian science and technology - Important Brazilian scientists and technologists

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List of biologists - Ba-Bi. Churchill Babington (1831-1881), British archaeologist and conchologist John Bachman (1790-1874), American naturalist Curt Backeberg (1894-1966), German botanist (abbr. in botany: Backeb.) Karl Ernst von Baer (1792-1876), embryology Liberty Hyde Bailey (1858-1954),American botanist (abbr. in botany : L.H.Bailey) Spencer Fullerton Baird, (1823-1887), birds and mammals John Hutton Balfour (1808-1884), Scottish botanist (abb ...

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List of biologists, List of biologists - A, List of biologists - B, List of biologists - Ba-Bi, List of biologists - Bl-Bu, List of biologists - C, List of biologists - D, List of biologists - E, List of biologists - F, List of biologists - G, List of biologists - H, List of biologists - I, List of biologists - J, List of biologists - K, List of biologists - L, List of biologists - M, List of biologists - Ma-Mi, List of biologists - Mo-Mu, List of biologists - N, List of biologists - O, List of biologists - P, List of biologists - Q, List of biologists - R, List of biologists - S, List of biologists - Sa-So, List of biologists - Sp-Sy, List of biologists - T, List of biologists - U, List of biologists - V, List of biologists - W, List of biologists - X, List of biologists - Y, List of biologists - Z

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Parasite - Endoparasites. (endo = within; parasites that live inside their hosts) Plants Rafflesia Animals Acanthocephala Candiru (Vampire fish of Brazil) Clonorchis sinensis (the Chinese liver fluke) Cymothoa exigua Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm Disease) Enterobius vermicularis Strepsiptera Strongyloides stercoralis Fungi (such as ringworm) ...

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Parasite, Parasite - Examples, Parasite - Endoparasites, Parasite - Ectoparasites

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The Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto was the third founded in the state of São Paulo and the first outside the capital. In 1951, the state government supported the creation of the school as a way of promoting a better coverage of physicians to the rapidly growing cities in its hinterland. A committee was formed in the University of São Paulo to study and to propose the new school. A professor from the University, physician and parasitologist Dr. Zeferino Vaz was nominated as its chairman and later became the Faculty's first dean, rem ...

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Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - History, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Departments, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Centers and Associations, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Figures, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Notable professors

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