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cervical | A Wisdom Archive on cervical | | cervical A selection of articles related to cervical | |
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cervical, Cervical
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO cervical | | | | | | |  cervical: Encyclopedia II - C - Phonetic use/k/ developed palatal and velar allophones in Latin, probably due to Etruscan influence. The Romance languages and English have a common feature inherited from Vulgar Latin where C takes on either a "hard" or "soft" value depending on the following vowel. In English and French, C takes the "hard" value /k/ finally and before A, O, and U, and the "soft" value /s/ before E, I, or Y. Romance languages obey similar rules, but the soft valu ...
See also:C, C - Phonetic use, C - Alternative representations, C - Computing, C - Meanings for C Read more here: » C: Encyclopedia II - C - Phonetic use |
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| | | | | cervical: Encyclopedia II - Endometriosis - Causes While the exact cause of endometriosis remains unknown, many theories have been presented to explain its development. These concepts do not necessarily exclude each other.
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent condition, as it is seen during the reproductive years and generally disappears after menopause. In experimental models, estrogen is necessary to induce or maintain endometriosis. Medical therapy is often aimed at lowering estrogen levels to control the disease.
"Retrograde menstruation", by which some of the men ...
See also:Endometriosis, Endometriosis - Symptoms, Endometriosis - Epidemiology, Endometriosis - Extent, Endometriosis - Causes, Endometriosis - Diagnosis, Endometriosis - Cause of pain, Endometriosis - Treatments, Endometriosis - Infertility, Endometriosis - Treatment of infertility, Endometriosis - Relation to cancer Read more here: » Endometriosis: Encyclopedia II - Endometriosis - Causes |
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| | | | | cervical: Encyclopedia II - Palatine bone - Processes
Palatine bone - The pyramidal process or tuberosity.
The pyramidal process (processus pyramidalis) projects backward and lateralward from the junction of the horizontal and vertical parts, and is received into the angular interval between the lower extremities of the pterygoid plates.
On its posterior surface is a smooth, grooved, triangular area, limited on either side by a rough articular furrow. The furrows articulate with the pterygoid plates, while the grooved intermediate area completes the lower part of the pterygoid fossa and gives origin to ...
See also:Palatine bone, Palatine bone - The horizontal part, Palatine bone - Surfaces, Palatine bone - Borders, Palatine bone - The vertical part, Palatine bone - Processes, Palatine bone - The pyramidal process or tuberosity, Palatine bone - The orbital process, Palatine bone - The sphenoidal process, Palatine bone - Ossification, Palatine bone - Articulations Read more here: » Palatine bone: Encyclopedia II - Palatine bone - Processes |
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| | | | | cervical: Encyclopedia II - Estradiol - Synthesis Estradiol, like other sex steroids, is derived from cholesterol. After side chain cleavage and either utilizing the delta-5 pathway or the delta-4 pathway androstenedione is the key intermediary. Androstendione is either converted to testosterone which in turn undergoes aromatization to estradiol, or, alternatively, androstendione is aromatized to estrone which is converted to estradiol.
Co ...
See also:Estradiol, Estradiol - Synthesis, Estradiol - Production, Estradiol - Mechanism of action, Estradiol - Effects, Estradiol - Role in sexual differentiation, Estradiol - Therapy, Estradiol - Hormone replacement therapy, Estradiol - Blocking estrogens Read more here: » Estradiol: Encyclopedia II - Estradiol - Synthesis |
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| | | | | cervical: Encyclopedia II - Frontal bone - Squama squama frontalis or vertical part
Frontal bone - Surfaces.
The external surface [Fig. 1] of this portion is convex and usually exhibits, in the lower part of the middle line, the remains of the frontal or metopic suture; in infancy this suture divides the bone into two, a condition which may persist throughout life.
On either side of this suture, about 3 cm. above the supraorbital margin, is a rounded elevation, the frontal eminence (tuber frontale).
These eminences vary in size in different individuals, are occasiona ...
See also:Frontal bone, Frontal bone - Squama squama frontalis or vertical part, Frontal bone - Surfaces, Frontal bone - Orbital or horizontal part, Frontal bone - Surfaces, Frontal bone - Borders, Frontal bone - Structure, Frontal bone - Ossification, Frontal bone - Articulations Read more here: » Frontal bone: Encyclopedia II - Frontal bone - Squama squama frontalis or vertical part |
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| | | | | cervical: Encyclopedia II - Parietal bone - Surfaces
Parietal bone - External.
The external surface [Fig. 1] is convex, smooth, and marked near the center by an eminence, the parietal eminence (tuber parietale), which indicates the point where ossification commenced.
Crossing the middle of the bone in an arched direction are two curved lines, the superior and inferior temporal lines; the former gives attachment to the temporal fascia, and the latter indicates the upper limit ...
See also:Parietal bone, Parietal bone - Surfaces, Parietal bone - External, Parietal bone - Internal, Parietal bone - Borders, Parietal bone - Angles, Parietal bone - Ossification Read more here: » Parietal bone: Encyclopedia II - Parietal bone - Surfaces |
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| | | | | cervical: Encyclopedia II - Pulmonology - Diagnosis In medicine, 50% of all diagnoses can be made by a thorough medical history, and lung diseases are no different. The pulmonologist will conduct a general review and focus on:
hereditary diseases affecting the lungs (cystic fibrosis, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency)
exposure to toxins (tobacco smoke, asbestos, exhaust fumes, coal mining fumes)
exposure to infectious agents (certain types of birds, malt processing)
an autoimmune diathesis that might predispose to certain conditions (pulmonary ...
See also:Pulmonology, Pulmonology - Diagnosis, Pulmonology - Treatment, Pulmonology - Training, Pulmonology - Diseases managed by the pulmonologist, Pulmonology - Scientific research Read more here: » Pulmonology: Encyclopedia II - Pulmonology - Diagnosis |
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| | | | | | cervical: Encyclopedia II - Hanging - History Hanging has been used as punishment throughout history; it is known to have been invented and used by the Persian Empire. The typical sentence involving hanging is that the condemned person "be hanged by the neck until dead". A more elaborate sentence, once used for particularly heinous crimes (e.g., high treason in Britain), was for the person to be "hanged, drawn and quartered" – here the victim was saved from asphyxiation in o ...
See also:Hanging, Hanging - History, Hanging - Hanging by country, Hanging - Britain, Hanging - Soviet Union, Hanging - Iran, Hanging - The United States, Hanging - Singapore, Hanging - Recent hangings, Hanging - Grammar, Hanging - Folklore Read more here: » Hanging: Encyclopedia II - Hanging - History |
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| | | | | cervical: Encyclopedia II - Radius bone - The Body or Shaft ('corpus radii') The body is prismoid in form, narrower above than below, and slightly curved, so as to be convex lateralward. It presents three borders and three surfaces.
Radius bone - Borders.
The volar border (margo volaris; anterior border) extends from the lower part of the tuberosity above to the anterior part of the base of the styloid process below, and separates the volar from the lateral surface. Its upper third is prominent, and from its oblique direction has received the n ...
See also:Radius bone, Radius bone - The Upper Extremity, Radius bone - The Body or Shaft, Radius bone - Borders, Radius bone - Surface, Radius bone - The Lower Extremity, Radius bone - Structure, Radius bone - Ossification Read more here: » Radius bone: Encyclopedia II - Radius bone - The Body or Shaft |
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| | | | | cervical: Encyclopedia II - Pelvic inflammatory disease - Complications PID can cause scarring inside the reproductive organs, which can later cause serious complications, including chronic pelvic pain, infertility (difficulty becoming pregnant), ectopic pregnancy (the leading cause of pregnancy-related deaths in adult females), and other dangerous complications of pregnancy. Multiple infections and infections that are treated later are more likely to result in complications.
Persons with infertility may wish to see a specialist, because there may be a possibility in restoring fertility after scarring. Tr ...
See also:Pelvic inflammatory disease, Pelvic inflammatory disease - Epidemiology, Pelvic inflammatory disease - Diagnosis, Pelvic inflammatory disease - Prognosis, Pelvic inflammatory disease - Complications, Pelvic inflammatory disease - Treatment, Pelvic inflammatory disease - Prevention, Pelvic inflammatory disease - Other diseases that can lead to or be involved in PID Read more here: » Pelvic inflammatory disease: Encyclopedia II - Pelvic inflammatory disease - Complications |
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| | | | | cervical: Encyclopedia II - Sphenoid bone - Body The body (corpus sphenoidale), more or less cubical in shape, is hollowed out in its interior to form two large cavities, the sphenoidal air sinuses, which are separated from each other by a septum.
Sphenoid bone - Surfaces.
The superior surface of the body [Fig. 1] presents in front a prominent spine, the ethmoidal spine, for articulation with the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone; behind this is a smooth surface slightly raised in the middle line, and grooved on either side for the olfac ...
See also:Sphenoid bone, Sphenoid bone - Body, Sphenoid bone - Surfaces, Sphenoid bone - The great wings, Sphenoid bone - Surfaces, Sphenoid bone - Margin, Sphenoid bone - The small wings, Sphenoid bone - Surfaces, Sphenoid bone - Borders, Sphenoid bone - Pterygoid processes, Sphenoid bone - Lateral pterygoid plate, Sphenoid bone - Medial pterygoid plate, Sphenoid bone - The sphenoidal conchæ, Sphenoid bone - Ossification, Sphenoid bone - Presphenoid, Sphenoid bone - Postsphenoid, Sphenoid bone - Intrinsic ligaments of the sphenoid Read more here: » Sphenoid bone: Encyclopedia II - Sphenoid bone - Body |
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| | | | | cervical: Encyclopedia II - Tibia - The lower extremity ('distal extremity') The lower extremity, much smaller than the upper, presents five surfaces; it is prolonged downward on its medial side as a strong process, the medial malleolus.
Tibia - Surfaces.
The inferior articular surface is quadrilateral, and smooth for articulation with the talus. It is concave from before backward, broader in front than behind, and traversed from before backward by a slight elevation, separating two depressions. It is ...
See also:Tibia, Tibia - The upper extremity, Tibia - The body or shaft, Tibia - Borders, Tibia - Surfaces, Tibia - The lower extremity, Tibia - Surfaces, Tibia - Structure, Tibia - Ossification Read more here: » Tibia: Encyclopedia II - Tibia - The lower extremity |
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| | | | | | cervical: Encyclopedia II - Radius bone - The Lower Extremity The lower extremity is large, of quadrilateral form, and provided with two articular surfaces - one below, for the carpus, and another at the medial side, for the ulna.
The carpal articular surface is triangular, concave, smooth, and divided by a slight antero-posterior ridge into two parts. Of these, the lateral, triangular, articulates with the navicular bone; the medial, quadrilateral, with the lunate bone.
The articular surface for the ulna is called the ulnar notch (sigmoid cavity) of the radius; it is narrow, concave, ...
See also:Radius bone, Radius bone - The Upper Extremity, Radius bone - The Body or Shaft, Radius bone - Borders, Radius bone - Surface, Radius bone - The Lower Extremity, Radius bone - Structure, Radius bone - Ossification Read more here: » Radius bone: Encyclopedia II - Radius bone - The Lower Extremity |
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| | | | | | cervical: Encyclopedia II - Hanging - Hanging by country
Hanging - Britain.
Until 1808 the law in Britain offered the death penalty for some 200 offenses, including:
Attempting suicide
Being in the company of gypsies for one month
Vagrancy for soldiers and sailors
"Strong evidence of malice" in children aged 7–14 years old
A variety of loopholes in British criminal law, together with judicial leniency, tempered the law's tendency to prescribe hanging for what many would today consider minor offences. First-time of ...
See also:Hanging, Hanging - History, Hanging - Hanging by country, Hanging - Britain, Hanging - Soviet Union, Hanging - Iran, Hanging - The United States, Hanging - Singapore, Hanging - Recent hangings, Hanging - Grammar, Hanging - Folklore Read more here: » Hanging: Encyclopedia II - Hanging - Hanging by country |
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| | | | | cervical: Encyclopedia II - Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy - Overview ETS surgery works by destroying healthy nerve tissue in the upper thoracic region of the sympathetic nervous system, thus interrupting brain messages that ordinarily would travel to many different organs, glands and muscles. It is via these nerves of the autonomic nervous system that the brain is able to make adjustments in the body in response to changing conditions in the environment, changing emotional states, level of exercise, and other factors.
The surgeon penetrates the chest cavity, making holes about the diameter of a soda straw between ribs. This allows the surgeon to insert a tiny ...
See also:Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy, Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy - History, Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy - Overview, Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy - Results, Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy - Risks and controversy Read more here: » Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy: Encyclopedia II - Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy - Overview |
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