cervical - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Californium: Encyclopedia - Californium
Californium is a synthetic element in the periodic table that has the symbol Cf and atomic number 98. A radioactive transuranic element, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ulna: Encyclopedia - Ulna
The ulna (Elbow Bone) [Figs. 1, 2] is a long bone, prismatic in form, placed at the medial side of the forearm, parallel with the radius....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cardiotocography: Encyclopedia - Cardiotocography
In medicine (obstetrics) cardiotocography (CTG) is a technical means of recording (-graphy) the fetal heartbeat (cardio-) and the uterine...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cuneiform Anatomy: Encyclopedia - Cuneiform Anatomy
There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform, the intermediate cuneiform and the lateral cuneiform. They are l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zygomatic Bone: Encyclopedia - Zygomatic Bone
The zygomatic bone (also known as the zygoma; Os Zygomaticum; Malar Bone) is a paired bone of the human skull. It articulates with the ma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sternum: Encyclopedia - Sternum
Sternum or breastbone is a long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax (chest). It connects to the rib bones via cartilage, formi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Endometrial Cancer: Encyclopedia - Endometrial Cancer
Endometrial cancer involves cancerous growth of the endometrium (lining of the uterus). It mainly occurs after menopause, and presents wi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cuboid Bone: Encyclopedia - Cuboid Bone
The cuboid bone is one of seven Tarsal bones. Distally, the Cuboid articulates with the fourth and fifth metatarsals, forming the fourth ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Capitate Bone: Encyclopedia - Capitate Bone
The capitate bone (os capitatum; os magnum) is a bone in the human hand. The capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones, and occupi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fibula: Encyclopedia - Fibula
The fibula or calf bone is a bone placed on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Calcaneus: Encyclopedia - Calcaneus
The calcaneus is the large bone making up the heel of the human foot or the point of an animal's hock. Calcaneus - Human. It articulate...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cryosurgery: Encyclopedia - Cryosurgery
Cryosurgery is the application of extreme cold to destroy abnormal or diseased tissue. Cryosurgery is used to treat a number of diseases ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - C: Encyclopedia - C
C (lowercase c) is the third letter of the Roman alphabet. Its name in English is cee. In the Etruscan language, plosive consonants had n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Charlize Theron: Encyclopedia - Charlize Theron
Charlize Theron (born August 7, 1975 in Benoni, South Africa) is an Oscar winning South African actress. Charlize Theron - Early life. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hanging: Encyclopedia - Hanging
Hanging is a form of execution or a method for suicide. As form of capital punishment hanging has been used throughout history. There are...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carpus: Encyclopedia - Carpus
In tetrapods, the carpus is the cluster of bones in the hand between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus. The bones of the carpus do n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vomer Bone: Encyclopedia - Vomer Bone
The vomer bone is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and touches the sphenoid, the eth...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vertebral Column: Encyclopedia - Vertebral Column
In human anatomy, the vertebral column (backbone or spine) is a column of vertebrae situated in the dorsal aspect of the abdomen. It hous...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spinal Cord: Encyclopedia Ii - Spinal Cord - Anatomy
The spinal cord originates inside the brain at the inferior end of the medulla oblongata, exiting the skull via the foramen magnum. It is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lumbar Vertebrae: Encyclopedia Ii - Lumbar Vertebrae - General Characteristics
These are the general characteristics of the first through fourth lumbar vertebrae. The fifth vertebra contain certain peculiarities, whi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tibia: Encyclopedia Ii - Tibia - The Upper Extremity
('proximal extremity') The upper extremity is large, and expanded into two eminences, the medial and lateral condyles. The superior artic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Infectious Mononucleosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Infectious Mononucleosis - Symptoms And Physical Signs
A person can be infected with the virus for weeks or months before any symptoms begin to appear. Symptoms usually begin to appear 4-7 wee...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nasal Bone: Encyclopedia Ii - Nasal Bone - Articulations
The nasal articulates with four bones: two of the cranium, the frontal and ethmoid, and two of the face, the opposite nasal and the maxil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inferior Nasal Conchae: Encyclopedia Ii - Inferior Nasal Conchae - Articulations
The inferior nasal concha articulates with four bones: the ethmoid, maxilla, lacrimal, and palatine. This article is based on an entry fr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ulna: Encyclopedia Ii - Ulna - The Upper Extremity
('proximal extremity') [Fig. 1] The upper extremity presents two curved processes, the olecranon and the coronoid process; and two concav...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Icd-9 Codes: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Icd-9 Codes - 1. Infectious And Parasitic Diseases 001-139
List of ICD-9 codes - Intestinal infectious diseases 001-009. (001) Cholera (002) Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers (003) Other Salmonell...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Miscarriage: Encyclopedia Ii - Miscarriage - Forms And Types
ICD-10 codes are provided where available. Miscarriage - Threatened abortion O20.0. A threatened abortion is the development of symptom...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lacrimal Bone: Encyclopedia Ii - Lacrimal Bone - Articulations
The lacrimal articulates with four bones: two of the cranium, the frontal and ethmoid, and two of the face, the maxilla and the inferior ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vomer Bone: Encyclopedia Ii - Vomer Bone - Articulations
The vomer articulates with six bones: two of the cranium, the sphenoid and ethmoid; and four of the face, the two maxillae; and the two p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Trapezium Bone: Encyclopedia Ii - Trapezium Bone - Overview Of Anatomy
The greater multangular bone may be distinguished by a deep groove on its volar surface. It is situated at the radial side of the carpus,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vertebral Column: Encyclopedia Ii - Vertebral Column - Surfaces
Vertebral column - Anterior surface. When viewed from in front, the width of the bodies of the vertebrae is seen to increase from the s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scapula: Encyclopedia Ii - Scapula - Surfaces
Scapula - Costal. The costal or ventral surface [Fig. 1] presents a broad concavity, the subscapular fossa. The medial two-thirds of th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy: Encyclopedia Ii - Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy - History
Scientists became fascinated with the idea of sympathectomy in the mid-19th century when it was learned that the autonomic nervous system...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neck Crank: Encyclopedia Ii - Neck Crank - Crucifix Neck Crank
The crucifix neck crank is similar to the cattle catch, but involves the combatant performing the neck crank being mounted on the opponen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Premature Birth: Encyclopedia Ii - Premature Birth - Treatments For Premature Birth
There are two tactics that can be used to deal with a potential premature birth: delay the arrival of birth as much as possible, or prepa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Carpus: Encyclopedia Ii - Carpus - The Carpus Ossa Carpi
The carpal bones, eight in number, are arranged in two rows. Those of the proximal row, from the radial to the ulnar side, are: Scaphoi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy: Encyclopedia Ii - Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy - History
Scientists became fascinated with the idea of sympathectomy in the mid-19th century when it was learned that the autonomic nervous system...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Endometrial Cancer: Encyclopedia Ii - Endometrial Cancer - Risk Factors
Most women with endometrial cancer have a history of unopposed and increased levels of estrogen. One of estrogen's normal functions is to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - C: Encyclopedia Ii - C - Phonetic Use
/k/ developed palatal and velar allophones in Latin, probably due to Etruscan influence. The Romance languages and English have a common ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Miscarriage: Encyclopedia Ii - Miscarriage - Forms And Types
ICD-10 codes are provided where available. Miscarriage - Threatened abortion O20.0. A threatened abortion is the development of symptom...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sternum: Encyclopedia Ii - Sternum - Body
('corpus sterni; gladiolus') The body, considerably longer, narrower, and thinner than the manubrium, attains its greatest breadth close ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Calcaneus: Encyclopedia Ii - Calcaneus - Human
It articulates with two other tarsal bones, the talus above and the cuboid toward the midfoot. In addition to receiving the weight of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Californium: Encyclopedia Ii - Californium - Notable Characteristics
Weighable amounts of californium make it possible to determine some of its properties using macroscopic quantities. Californium-252 (2.6 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Charlize Theron: Encyclopedia Ii - Charlize Theron - Career
At the age of 16, Theron travelled to Milan, Italy on a one-year modelling contract after winning a local competition. Her contract ended...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - C: Encyclopedia Ii - C - Phonetic Use
/k/ developed palatal and velar allophones in Latin, probably due to Etruscan influence. The Romance languages and English have a common ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Endometriosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Endometriosis - Causes
While the exact cause of endometriosis remains unknown, many theories have been presented to explain its development. These concepts do n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Palatine Bone: Encyclopedia Ii - Palatine Bone - Processes
Palatine bone - The pyramidal process or tuberosity. The pyramidal process (processus pyramidalis) projects backward and lateralward fr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Estradiol: Encyclopedia Ii - Estradiol - Synthesis
Estradiol, like other sex steroids, is derived from cholesterol. After side chain cleavage and either utilizing the delta-5 pathway or th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Frontal Bone: Encyclopedia Ii - Frontal Bone - Squama Squama Frontalis Or Vertical Part
Frontal bone - Surfaces. The external surface [Fig. 1] of this portion is convex and usually exhibits, in the lower part of the middle ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Parietal Bone: Encyclopedia Ii - Parietal Bone - Surfaces
Parietal bone - External. The external surface [Fig. 1] is convex, smooth, and marked near the center by an eminence, the parietal emin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pulmonology: Encyclopedia Ii - Pulmonology - Diagnosis
In medicine, 50% of all diagnoses can be made by a thorough medical history, and lung diseases are no different. The pulmonologist will c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lymphogranuloma Venereum: Encyclopedia Ii - Lymphogranuloma Venereum - Signs And Symptoms
The clinical manifestation of LGV depends on the site of entry of the infectious organism (the sex contact site) and the stage of disease...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hanging: Encyclopedia Ii - Hanging - History
Hanging has been used as punishment throughout history; it is known to have been invented and used by the Persian Empire. The typical sen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Radius Bone: Encyclopedia Ii - Radius Bone - The Body Or Shaft
('corpus radii') The body is prismoid in form, narrower above than below, and slightly curved, so as to be convex lateralward. It present...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Encyclopedia Ii - Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - Complications
PID can cause scarring inside the reproductive organs, which can later cause serious complications, including chronic pelvic pain, infert...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sphenoid Bone: Encyclopedia Ii - Sphenoid Bone - Body
The body (corpus sphenoidale), more or less cubical in shape, is hollowed out in its interior to form two large cavities, the sphenoidal ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tibia: Encyclopedia Ii - Tibia - The Lower Extremity
('distal extremity') The lower extremity, much smaller than the upper, presents five surfaces; it is prolonged downward on its medial sid...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lymphogranuloma Venereum: Encyclopedia Ii - Lymphogranuloma Venereum - Further Recommendations
As with all STD's sex partners of patients who have LGV should be examined and tested for urethral or cervical chlamydial infection. Afte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Radius Bone: Encyclopedia Ii - Radius Bone - The Lower Extremity
The lower extremity is large, of quadrilateral form, and provided with two articular surfaces - one below, for the carpus, and another at...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pulmonology: Encyclopedia Ii - Pulmonology - Treatment
Surgical treatment in generally performed by the (cardio)thoracic surgeon, generally after primary evaluation by a pulmonologist. Medicat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hanging: Encyclopedia Ii - Hanging - Hanging By Country
Hanging - Britain. Until 1808 the law in Britain offered the death penalty for some 200 offenses, including: Attempting suicide Being ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy: Encyclopedia Ii - Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy - Overview
ETS surgery works by destroying healthy nerve tissue in the upper thoracic region of the sympathetic nervous system, thus interrupting br...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy: Encyclopedia Ii - Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy - Results
Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare statement on treatment results says (english translation is available at: [1], the original ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Miscarriage: Encyclopedia Ii - Miscarriage - Causes
Miscarriages can occur for many reasons, not all of which can be identified. They are most frequent during the first trimester. About 30%...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Miscarriage: Encyclopedia Ii - Miscarriage - Experience
The most common symptoms of a miscarriage are bleeding and cramping. Bleeding alone is not necessarily a sign of impending miscarriage, a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - C: Encyclopedia Ii - C - Codes For Computing
In Unicode the capital C is codepoint U+0043 and the lowercase c is U+0063. The ASCII code for capital C is 67 and for lowercase c is 99;...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scapula: Encyclopedia Ii - Scapula - Ossification
The scapula is ossified from seven or more centers: one for the body, two for the coracoid process, two for the acromion, one for the ver...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Scapula: Encyclopedia Ii - Scapula - The Spine 'spina Scapulæ'
The spine is a prominent plate of bone, which crosses obliquely the medial four-fifths of the dorsal surface of the scapula at its upper ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tibia: Encyclopedia Ii - Tibia - The Body Or Shaft
('corpus tibiæ') The body has three borders and three surfaces. Tibia - Borders. The anterior crest or border, the most prominent of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ulna: Encyclopedia Ii - Ulna - The Body Or Shaft
('corpus ulnæ') The body at its upper part is prismatic in form, and curved so as to be convex behind and lateralward; its central part ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ulna: Encyclopedia Ii - Ulna - Proximal And Distal Aspects
The ulna is broader proximally, and narrower distally. Proximally, the ulna has a bony process, the olecranon process, a hook-like struct...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vertebral Column: Encyclopedia Ii - Vertebral Column - Abnormalities
Occasionally the coalescence of the laminae is not completed, and consequently a cleft is left in the arches of the vertebrae, through wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tibia: Encyclopedia Ii - Tibia - Ossification
The tibia is ossified from three centers : one for the body and one for either extremity. Ossification begins in the center of the b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sphenoid Bone: Encyclopedia Ii - Sphenoid Bone - The Great Wings
The great wings (alæ magnæ), or ali-sphenoids, are two strong processes of bone, which arise from the sides of the body, and are curved...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sphenoid Bone: Encyclopedia Ii - Sphenoid Bone - Ossification
Until the seventh or eighth month of fetal life the body of the sphenoid consists of two parts: one in front of the tuberculum sellæ, th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sphenoid Bone: Encyclopedia Ii - Sphenoid Bone - Pterygoid Processes
The pterygoid processes (processus pterygoidei), one on either side, descend perpendicularly from the regions where the body and great wi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sphenoid Bone: Encyclopedia Ii - Sphenoid Bone - The Small Wings
The small wings (alæ parvæ) or orbito-sphenoids are two thin triangular plates, which arise from the upper and anterior parts of the bo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vertebral Column: Encyclopedia Ii - Vertebral Column - Curves
Viewed laterally the vertebral column presents several curves, which correspond to the different regions of the column, and are called ce...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Palatine Bone: Encyclopedia Ii - Palatine Bone - The Vertical Part
The vertical part (pars perpendicularis; perpendicular plate) [Fig. 1&2] is thin, of an oblong form, and presents two surfaces and fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Endometriosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Endometriosis - Cause Of Pain
How endometriosis causes pain is the topic of much research. Because many women with endometriosis feel pain during or related to their p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Endometriosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Endometriosis - Treatments
Currently, there is no cure for endometriosis although in most patients menopause (natural or surgical) will abate the process. Neverthel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Endometriosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Endometriosis - Diagnosis
A history and a physical examination can in many patients lead the physician to suspect the diagnosis. Use of imaging tests may identify ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Endometriosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Endometriosis - Extent
Early endometriosis typically occurs on the surfaces of organs in the pelvic and intraabdominal areas. Health care providers may call are...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Endometriosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Endometriosis - Symptoms
A major symptom of endometriosis is pain, mostly in the lower abdomen, lower back, and pelvic area. The amount of pain a woman feels is n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Endometriosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Endometriosis - Epidemiology
Endometriosis can affect any woman of reproductive age, from menarche (the first period) to menopause, regardless of her race, ethnicity,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Endometriosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Endometriosis - Infertility
Endometriosis is associated with a lowered fertility and is the second leading cause of infertility in females that ovulate normally (the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Estradiol: Encyclopedia Ii - Estradiol - Therapy
Estradiol - Hormone replacement therapy. In the event that levels of estradiol in a woman's blood are low (possibly due to menopause or...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hanging: Encyclopedia Ii - Hanging - Hanging By Country
Hanging - Britain. Main articles: Capital punishment in the United Kingdom, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]]   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Infectious Mononucleosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Infectious Mononucleosis - Laboratory Tests
The laboratory hallmark of the disease is the presence of so-called atypical lymphocytes (a type of mononuclear cell) on the peripheral b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Frontal Bone: Encyclopedia Ii - Frontal Bone - Articulations
The frontal articulates with twelve bones: the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the two parietals, the two nasals, the two maxillæ, the two lacrim...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Frontal Bone: Encyclopedia Ii - Frontal Bone - Orbital Or Horizontal Part
This portion (pars orbitalis) consists of two thin triangular plates, the orbital plates, which form the vaults of the orbits, and are se...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ethmoid Bone: Encyclopedia Ii - Ethmoid Bone - Articulations
The ethmoid articulates with fifteen bones: four of the cranium—the frontal, the sphenoid, and the two sphenoidal conchæ; and eleven o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hanging: Encyclopedia Ii - Hanging - Grammar
The term "hanging" is the focus of a famous bit of grammatical trivia. Traditionally, the past tense and past participle of the verb "to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hanging: Encyclopedia Ii - Hanging - Recent Hangings
Hanging is commonly the method of executing penalties of death in Commonwealth countries that still have it, e.g., Malaysia and Singapore...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Californium: Encyclopedia Ii - Californium - History
Californium was first synthesized by University of California, Berkeley researchers Stanely Thompson, Kenneth Street, Jr., Albert Ghiorso...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Endometrial Cancer: Encyclopedia Ii - Endometrial Cancer - Symptoms
in women older than 40: extremely long, heavy, or frequent episodes of bleeding (may indicate premalignant changes) lower abdominal pain...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sternum: Encyclopedia Ii - Sternum - Ossification
The sternum originally consists of two cartilaginous bars, situated one on either side of the median plane and connected with the cartila...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sternum: Encyclopedia Ii - Sternum - Xiphoid Process
('processus xiphoideus; ensiform or xiphoid appendix') The xiphoid process is the smallest of the three pieces: it is thin and elongated,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sternum: Encyclopedia Ii - Sternum - Overview
The sternum (Figs. 1 to 3) is an elongated, flattened bone, forming the middle portion of the anterior wall of the thorax. Its upper end ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sternum: Encyclopedia Ii - Sternum - Manubrium
('manubrium sterni') The manubrium is the broad, upper part of the sternum. With a quadrangular shape, wider superiorly and narrower infe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Endometrial Cancer: Encyclopedia Ii - Endometrial Cancer - Pathology
Histopathology is usually a endometrioid adenocarcinoma. It appears on a background of endometrial hyperplasia. Tumor cells are atypical ...   » Read the article