cervical

Californium is a synthetic element in the periodic table that has the symbol Cf and atomic number 98. A radioactive transuranic element, californium has very few uses and was discovered by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium ions). Californium - Notable characteristics. Weighable amounts of californium make it possible to determine some of its properties using macroscopic quantities. Californium-252 (2.6 year half-life) is a very strong neutron emitter and is thus extremely radioactive and ...

Including:

• Californium - Notable characteristics
• Californium - History
• Californium - Isotopes

Read more here: » Californium: Encyclopedia - Californium

The ulna (Elbow Bone) [Figs. 1, 2] is a long bone, prismatic in form, placed at the medial side of the forearm, parallel with the radius. Ulna - Articulations. The ulna articulates with: the humerus, at the elbow as a hinge joint. the radius, near the elbow as a pivot joint, this allows the radius to cross over the ulna in pronation. the distal radius, where it fits into the ulna notch.

In medicine (obstetrics) cardiotocography (CTG) is a technical means of recording (-graphy) the fetal heartbeat (cardio-) and the uterine contractions (-toco-) during childbirth. CTG can be used to identify signs of fetal distress. Recordings are done by two separate electrodes, one for the measurement of the fetal pulse and a second one for the contractions. External measurement means taping or strapping the electrodes to the abdominal wall, with the heart electrode overlying th ...

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There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform, the intermediate cuneiform and the lateral cuneiform. They are located between the navicular bone and the first, second and third metatarsal bones and are medial to the cuboid bone. The first cuneiform (a.k.a. os cuneiform primum / medial cuneiform) is the largest of the cuneiforms. It is situated at the medial side of the foot, anterior to the navicular and posterior to the base of the first metatarsal. It articulates with four bones: the navi ...

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The zygomatic bone (also known as the zygoma; Os Zygomaticum; Malar Bone) is a paired bone of the human skull. It articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. It forms part of the orbit and is commonly referred to as the cheekbone. It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face: it forms the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and parts of the temporal and infratemporal fossae [Fig. 1]. It presents a malar and a temporal surface; ...

Including:

• Zygomatic bone - Surfaces
• Zygomatic bone - Processes
• Zygomatic bone - Borders
• Zygomatic bone - Ossification
• Zygomatic bone - Articulations

Read more here: » Zygomatic bone: Encyclopedia - Zygomatic bone

Sternum or breastbone is a long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax (chest). It connects to the rib bones via cartilage, forming the rib cage with them, and thus helps to protect the lungs and heart from physical trauma. The sternum is usually cut open (a sternotomy) to gain access to the thoracic contents when performing cardiothoracic surgery. Sternum - Overview. The sternum (Figs. 1 to 3) is an elongated, flattened bone, forming the middle portion of the anterior wall of the thor ...

Including:

• Sternum - Overview
• Sternum - Manubrium
• Sternum - Surfaces
• Sternum - Borders
• Sternum - Body
• Sternum - Surfaces
• Sternum - Borders
• Sternum - Xiphoid Process
• Sternum - Surfaces
• Sternum - Structure
• Sternum - Ossification
• Sternum - Articulations
• Sternum - Fractures of the Sternum

Read more here: » Sternum: Encyclopedia - Sternum

Endometrial cancer involves cancerous growth of the endometrium (lining of the uterus). It mainly occurs after menopause, and presents with vaginal bleeding. A hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) is generally performed. It is the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States, with over 35,000 women being diagnosed each year in the U.S. Because of effective screening, it is only the third most common cause of gyneco ...

Including:

• Endometrial cancer - Epidemiology
• Endometrial cancer - Risk Factors
• Endometrial cancer - Symptoms
• Endometrial cancer - Diagnosis
• Endometrial cancer - Pathology
• Endometrial cancer - Evaluation
• Endometrial cancer - Stages of endometrial cancer
• Endometrial cancer - Treatment
• Endometrial cancer - Support Groups
• Endometrial cancer - Expectations
• Endometrial cancer - Survival rates
• Endometrial cancer - Complications

Read more here: » Endometrial cancer: Encyclopedia - Endometrial cancer

The cuboid bone is one of seven Tarsal bones. Distally, the Cuboid articulates with the fourth and fifth metatarsals, forming the fourth and fifth tarsometatarsal joints. Proximally, it articulates with the calcaneus, forming the calcaneocuboid joint. The medial surface of the bone articulates with both the lateral cuneiform bone and the navicular bone. The inferior surface has a groove on its distal th ...

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The capitate bone (os capitatum; os magnum) is a bone in the human hand. The capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones, and occupies the center of the wrist. It presents, above, a rounded portion or head, which is received into the concavity formed by the navicular and lunate; a constricted portion or neck; and below this, the body. The superior surface is round, smooth, and articulates with the lunate bone. The inferior surface is divided by two ridges into three facets, for articulation with the second, third, and fourth metacarpal bones, that for the third being the largest.< ...

Including:

• Capitate bone - Articulations

Read more here: » Capitate bone: Encyclopedia - Capitate bone

The fibula or calf bone is a bone placed on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones. Its upper extremity is small, placed toward the back of the head of the tibia, below the level of the knee-joint, and excluded from the formation of this joint. Its lower extremity inclines a little forward, so as to be on a plane anterior to that of the upper end; it projects below the tibia, and forms ...

Including:

• Fibula - The Upper Extremity or Head
• Fibula - The Body or Shaft
• Fibula - Borders
• Fibula - Surfaces
• Fibula - The Lower Extremity or Lateral Malleolus
• Fibula - Ossification

Read more here: » Fibula: Encyclopedia - Fibula

The calcaneus is the large bone making up the heel of the human foot or the point of an animal's hock. Calcaneus - Human. It articulates with two other tarsal bones, the talus above and the cuboid toward the midfoot. In addition to receiving the weight of the body with each step, the calcaneus is the anchor for the plantar fascia, which supports the arch of the foot. The posterior-most portion of the calcaneus is the calcaneal tuberosity, a large, non-articulating process that is the i ...

Including:

• Calcaneus - Human
• Calcaneus - Horse

Read more here: » Calcaneus: Encyclopedia - Calcaneus

Cryosurgery is the application of extreme cold to destroy abnormal or diseased tissue. Cryosurgery is used to treat a number of diseases and disorders, especially skin conditions. Warts, moles, skin tags, solar keratoses, and small skin cancers are candidates for cryosurgical treatment. Some internal disorders are also treated with cryosurgery, including liver cancer, prostate cancer, and cervical disorders. Although found to be effective, this method of treatment is only appropriate for ...

Including:

• Cryosurgery - Etymology

Read more here: » Cryosurgery: Encyclopedia - Cryosurgery

C (lowercase c) is the third letter of the Roman alphabet. Its name in English is cee. In the Etruscan language, plosive consonants had no contrastive voicing, so the Greek Γ (Gamma) was used to represent /k/. In the beginning, the Romans used C for both /k/ and /g/, only later adding a horizontal bar at right-center to produce G. It is possible but uncertain that C represented only /g/ at an even earlier time, while K might have been used for /k/. Some scholars claim that the Semitic ג (gîmel) pictured a camel, but most assume it was probably < ...

Including:

• C - Phonetic use
• C - Alternative representations
• C - Computing
• C - Meanings for C

Read more here: » C: Encyclopedia - C

Charlize Theron (born August 7, 1975 in Benoni, South Africa) is an Oscar winning South African actress. Charlize Theron - Early life. Her father, Charles, was a construction company owner of French Huguenot descent; her mother, Gerda, is of German descent and took over her husband's business after his death. Theron's first language is Afrikaans, and her second is English. "Theron" is a French surname pronounced in Afrikaans as "Tronn", although she has stated that she prefers the pronunciation "Thro ...

Including:

• Charlize Theron - Early life
• Charlize Theron - Career
• Charlize Theron - Personal life
• Charlize Theron - Selected filmography

Read more here: » Charlize Theron: Encyclopedia - Charlize Theron

Hanging is a form of execution or a method for suicide. As form of capital punishment hanging has been used throughout history. There are four methods of hanging: the long drop the short drop the standard drop suspension hanging A long-drop hanging may break the neck (cervical fracture) causing traumatic spinal cord injury ...

Including:

• Hanging - History
• Hanging - Hanging by country
• Hanging - Britain
• Hanging - Soviet Union
• Hanging - Iran
• Hanging - The United States
• Hanging - Singapore
• Hanging - Recent hangings
• Hanging - Grammar
• Hanging - Folklore

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In tetrapods, the carpus is the cluster of bones in the hand between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus. The bones of the carpus do not belong to individual fingers, whereas those of the metacarpus do. The joint between the radius and ulna and the carpus is called the wrist. The corresponding part of the foot is the tarsus. The skeleton of the hand [Figs. 1, 2] is subdivided into three segments: the carpus or wrist bones; the metacarpus or bones of the palm; and the phalanges or bones of the d ...

Including:

• Carpus - The Carpus Ossa Carpi
• Carpus - Common Characteristics of the Carpal Bones

Read more here: » Carpus: Encyclopedia - Carpus

The vomer bone is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and touches the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones. The vomeronasal organ, also called Jacobson's organ, is a chemoreceptor organ named for its closeness to the vomer and nasal bones, and is particularly developed in animals such as cats (who adopt a characteristic pose called the Flehmen reaction or flehming when making use of it), and is thought to have ...

Including:

• Vomer bone - Ossification
• Vomer bone - Articulations

Read more here: » Vomer bone: Encyclopedia - Vomer bone

In human anatomy, the vertebral column (backbone or spine) is a column of vertebrae situated in the dorsal aspect of the abdomen. It houses the spinal cord in its spinal canal. Vertebral column - Curves. Viewed laterally the vertebral column presents several curves, which correspond to the different regions of the column, and are called cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and pelvic. The cervical curve, convex forward, begins at the apex of the odontoid (tooth-like) process, and ends at the mid ...

Including:

• Vertebral column - Curves
• Vertebral column - Surfaces
• Vertebral column - Anterior surface
• Vertebral column - Posterior surface
• Vertebral column - Lateral surfaces
• Vertebral column - Vertebral canal
• Vertebral column - Abnormalities
• Vertebral column - Links

Read more here: » Vertebral column: Encyclopedia - Vertebral column

The spinal cord originates inside the brain at the inferior end of the medulla oblongata, exiting the skull via the foramen magnum. It is wrapped in three layers of membranes, called meninges. The spinal cord carries sensory signals and motor innervation to most of the skeletal muscles in the body. Just about every voluntary muscle in the body below the head depends on the spinal cord for control. Similarly, most cutaneous sensation below the neck is transmitted via the spinal cord. Most of the sympathetic pathways and the lower (i.e. non-vagal) parasympathetic pa ...

See also:

Spinal cord, Spinal cord - Embryology, Spinal cord - Anatomy, Spinal cord - Pathology

Read more here: » Spinal cord: Encyclopedia II - Spinal cord - Anatomy

These are the general characteristics of the first through fourth lumbar vertebrae. The fifth vertebra contain certain peculiarities, which are detailed below. As with other vertebrae, each lumbar vertebra consists of a vertebral body and a vertebral arch. The vertebral arch, consisting of a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae, encloses the vertebral foramen (opening) and supports seven processes. ...

See also:

Lumbar vertebrae, Lumbar vertebrae - General characteristics, Lumbar vertebrae - Vertebral body, Lumbar vertebrae - Vertebral arch, Lumbar vertebrae - Processes, Lumbar vertebrae - Peculiar lumbar vertebrae, Lumbar vertebrae - Fifth lumbar vertebra

Read more here: » Lumbar vertebrae: Encyclopedia II - Lumbar vertebrae - General characteristics