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centrally planned | A Wisdom Archive on centrally planned | | centrally planned A selection of articles related to centrally planned | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO centrally planned | |
| | |  centrally planned: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland 1945–1989 - Creation of the People's Republic of Poland 1945–1956
History of Poland 1945–1989 - Wartime devastation.
Poland suffered enormous losses during World War II. While in 1939 Poland had 35.1 million inhabitants, the census of February 14, 1946 showed only 23.9 million. Over ninety percent of Poland's capital was destroyed in the aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising. Poland, still a predominantly agricultural country compared to Western nations, suffered catastrophic damage to its infrastruc ...
See also:History of Poland 1945–1989, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Creation of the People's Republic of Poland 1945–1956, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Wartime devastation, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Consolidation of Communist power 1945–1948, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Bierut era 1948–1956, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Minorities in Poland after the War, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Communist reform 1956–1970, History of Poland 1945–1989 - De-Stalinization, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Gomułka period, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Gierek era 1970–1980, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The end of Communist rule 1980–1990, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Changes in Polish society, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Notes Read more here: » History of Poland 1945–1989: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland 1945–1989 - Creation of the People's Republic of Poland 1945–1956 |
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| | | | centrally planned: Encyclopedia II - Participatory economics - Parecon’s institutional framework
Participatory economics - The decision making principle.
All persons should have a say in each decision proportionate to the degree to which they are affected by it.
Participatory economics - Consumers’ and producers’ councils.
To implement the decision making principle, a parecon would be organized in consumers’ and producers ...
See also:Participatory economics, Participatory economics - Parecon’s institutional framework, Participatory economics - The decision making principle, Participatory economics - Consumers’ and producers’ councils, Participatory economics - Remuneration for effort and sacrifice, Participatory economics - Economic planning: feedbacks and successive iterations, Participatory economics - Job complexes, Participatory economics - Parecon’s critique of other systems, Participatory economics - The critique of markets, Participatory economics - The critique of private ownership and corporations, Participatory economics - Summary and remarks, Participatory economics - External resources, Participatory economics - Online resources, Participatory economics - Printed resources Read more here: » Participatory economics: Encyclopedia II - Participatory economics - Parecon’s institutional framework |
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| | | | centrally planned: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland 1945–1989 - The end of Communist rule 1980–1990 In September 1980, the increasingly frail Gierek was removed from office and replaced as Party leader by Stanisław Kania. Kania made the same sort of promises that Gomułka and Gierek made when they had come to power. But whatever goodwill the new leader gained by these promises was even shorter lived than it had been in 1956 and 1971, because there was no way that the regime could have kept the promises it had made at Gdańsk, even if it wanted to. The regime was still trapped by the conflict between economic necessity and political instab ...
See also:History of Poland 1945–1989, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Creation of the People's Republic of Poland 1945–1956, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Wartime devastation, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Consolidation of Communist power 1945–1948, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Bierut era 1948–1956, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Minorities in Poland after the War, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Communist reform 1956–1970, History of Poland 1945–1989 - De-Stalinization, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Gomułka period, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Gierek era 1970–1980, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The end of Communist rule 1980–1990, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Changes in Polish society, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Notes Read more here: » History of Poland 1945–1989: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland 1945–1989 - The end of Communist rule 1980–1990 |
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| | | | centrally planned: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland 1945–1989 - Changes in Polish society The Communist years in Poland saw many dramatic changes, both political and social. There were a number of shifts in the social class composition, the role of women in society, and access to health and educational services. With expanded urban industrial opportunities in the early postwar years, agriculture steadily became less popular as an occupation and as a lifestyle. The service sector, like industry, grew rapidly in size in the postwar era, but much less than the service sectors of Western Europe. The result was a postwar exodus from t ...
See also:History of Poland 1945–1989, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Creation of the People's Republic of Poland 1945–1956, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Wartime devastation, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Consolidation of Communist power 1945–1948, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Bierut era 1948–1956, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Minorities in Poland after the War, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Communist reform 1956–1970, History of Poland 1945–1989 - De-Stalinization, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Gomułka period, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Gierek era 1970–1980, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The end of Communist rule 1980–1990, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Changes in Polish society, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Notes Read more here: » History of Poland 1945–1989: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland 1945–1989 - Changes in Polish society |
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| | | | centrally planned: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Gierek era 1970–1980 Gierek, like Gomułka in 1956, came to power on a raft of promises that now everything would be different: wages would rise, prices would remain stable, there would be freedom of speech, and those responsible for the violence at Gdynia and elsewhere would be punished. Although Poles were much more cynical than they had been in 1956, Gierek was believed to be an honest and well-intentioned man, and his promises bought him some time. He used this time to create a new economic program, one based on large-scale borrowing from the West—mainly f ...
See also:History of Poland 1945–1989, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Creation of the People's Republic of Poland 1945–1956, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Wartime devastation, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Consolidation of Communist power 1945–1948, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Bierut era 1948–1956, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Minorities in Poland after the War, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Communist reform 1956–1970, History of Poland 1945–1989 - De-Stalinization, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Gomułka period, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Gierek era 1970–1980, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The end of Communist rule 1980–1990, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Changes in Polish society, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Notes Read more here: » History of Poland 1945–1989: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Gierek era 1970–1980 |
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| | | | centrally planned: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland 1945–1989 - Communist reform 1956–1970
History of Poland 1945–1989 - De-Stalinization.
Stalin had died in 1953. Between 1953 and 1958 Nikita Khrushchev out manouvered his rivals and achieved power in the Soviet Union. In March 1956 Khrushchev denounced Stalin's cult of personality at the 20th Congress of the Soviet Communist Party. The de-Stalinization of official Soviet ideology left Poland's Stalinist hard-liners in a difficult position. In the same month as Khrushchev's speech, as unrest and desire for reform and change among both intellectuals a ...
See also:History of Poland 1945–1989, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Creation of the People's Republic of Poland 1945–1956, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Wartime devastation, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Consolidation of Communist power 1945–1948, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Bierut era 1948–1956, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Minorities in Poland after the War, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Communist reform 1956–1970, History of Poland 1945–1989 - De-Stalinization, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Gomułka period, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The Gierek era 1970–1980, History of Poland 1945–1989 - The end of Communist rule 1980–1990, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Changes in Polish society, History of Poland 1945–1989 - Notes Read more here: » History of Poland 1945–1989: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland 1945–1989 - Communist reform 1956–1970 |
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| | | | centrally planned: Encyclopedia II - Participatory economics - Summary and remarks The intention is that the four main ingredients of parecon be implemented with a minimum of hierarchy and a maximum of transparency in all discussions and decision making. This model is designed to eliminate secrecy in economic decision making, instead encouraging friendly cooperation and mutual support.
Although participatory economics falls under the left-wing political tradition (and also under the anarchist political tradition), it is specifically designed to avoid the creation of powerful intellectual elites (“coordinatorism”), the trap into which ...
See also:Participatory economics, Participatory economics - Parecon’s institutional framework, Participatory economics - The decision making principle, Participatory economics - Consumers’ and producers’ councils, Participatory economics - Remuneration for effort and sacrifice, Participatory economics - Economic planning: feedbacks and successive iterations, Participatory economics - Job complexes, Participatory economics - Parecon’s critique of other systems, Participatory economics - The critique of markets, Participatory economics - The critique of private ownership and corporations, Participatory economics - Summary and remarks, Participatory economics - External resources, Participatory economics - Online resources, Participatory economics - Printed resources Read more here: » Participatory economics: Encyclopedia II - Participatory economics - Summary and remarks |
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| | | | centrally planned: Encyclopedia II - Participatory economics - Parecon’s critique of other systems Both Albert and Hahnel came from intellectual backgrounds where the two most prominent economic models were market systems and central planning. Albert vocally identifies himself as a market abolitionist.
Hence, Albert’s and Hahnel’s arguments for parecon are often framed through criticisms of one or both of these systems, parecon itself being a market-abolitionist economic system that proposes to replace the market with a democratic system of participatory planning ...
See also:Participatory economics, Participatory economics - Parecon’s institutional framework, Participatory economics - The decision making principle, Participatory economics - Consumers’ and producers’ councils, Participatory economics - Remuneration for effort and sacrifice, Participatory economics - Economic planning: feedbacks and successive iterations, Participatory economics - Job complexes, Participatory economics - Parecon’s critique of other systems, Participatory economics - The critique of markets, Participatory economics - The critique of private ownership and corporations, Participatory economics - Summary and remarks, Participatory economics - External resources, Participatory economics - Online resources, Participatory economics - Printed resources Read more here: » Participatory economics: Encyclopedia II - Participatory economics - Parecon’s critique of other systems |
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