This second temple was missing the Ark of the Covenant, the Urim and Thummim, the holy oil, the sacred fire, the Ten Commandments, the pot of manna, and Aaron's rod. As in the Tabernacle, there was in it only one golden lamp for the holy place, one table of showbread, and the incense altar, with golden censers, and many of the vessels of gold that had belonged to Solomon's Temple that had been carri ...

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Second Temple, Second Temple - Nation reorganized, Second Temple - Samaritans offer, Second Temple - Monarchs, Second Temple - Missing articles, Second Temple - Completion, Second Temple - Christian views, Second Temple - Renovation Under Herod, Second Temple - Destruction

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Prosphora with the icon of the Theotokos is called Panagia and is solemnly blessed (αρτος της παναγιας) in her honor during the Divine Liturgy; this practice is usually only performed today in Greek monasteries. This bread is blessed over the holy table, before the blessing of the antidoron, with the phrase "Great is the name of the Holy Trinity." After the liturgy, a triangular portion is cut from the prosphora by the refectorian (monk in charge of the refectory). The Panagia is then cut in half and laid crumb upwards ...

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Prosphora, Prosphora - Divine Liturgy, Prosphora - Panagia, Prosphora - Reference, Prosphora - External link

Read more here: » Prosphora: Encyclopedia II - Prosphora - Panagia

Incense is available in numerous forms and degree of processing. However incense can generally be separated into direct burning and indirect burning depending on how they are used. In general, large and coarse incense tends to burn longer than finer incense; as well, direct burning incense requires less preparation prior to its use. Beyond these facts, preference in the form of incense used depends largely on culture, tradition, or personal tastes. Stick incense is the most common and preferred form of incense used in Chinese and Japanese culture, as such, most of the ...

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Incense, Incense - Forms and use of incense, Incense - Direct burning, Incense - Indirect burning, Incense - Manufacturing, Incense - Fragrant materials, Incense - Combustible incense base, Incense - Mixture properties, Incense - Forming incense, Incense - Religious and ethnic use of incense, Incense - Biblical use, Incense - Christianity, Incense - Buddhism Shinto and Japan, Incense - Paganism, Incense - Criticism of incense, Incense - Health risk, Incense - Strong smell, Incense - Flammability

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P is considered by the documentary hypothesis to have been written at a time after the fall of the northern kingdom. Early theories asserted that P was written after the Babylonian exile, claiming that P appears to have been written after the Prophets ceased (since it doesn't mention Prophets, and the Prophets don't mention P); the references to a tabernacle was read as a coded reference to the temple, intended to support the priesthood and the new temple (as there is no other reference to either old or ...

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Priestly source, Priestly source - Nature of the Priestly text, Priestly source - Contrasted with JE, Priestly source - The dating of the Priestly text, Priestly source - The origin of the Priestly text, Priestly source - Spinning tales, Priestly source - Accretion of material, Priestly source - Response to the production of P

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Incense - Health risk. Some studies have shown that people who burn incense often (exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or PAHs) may be at increased risk for lung and bladder cancer as well as occupational skin and scrotal cancers. The risk of cancer from burning incense will depend on the levels of PAHs given off from the smoke and the length of time of exposure. However, the increased risk is usually associated with the chemical base or dipping of some incense sticks, and there are increasing numbers of chemical-free varieties available. ...

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Incense, Incense - Forms and use of incense, Incense - Direct burning, Incense - Indirect burning, Incense - Manufacturing, Incense - Fragrant materials, Incense - Combustible incense base, Incense - Mixture properties, Incense - Forming incense, Incense - Religious and ethnic use of incense, Incense - Biblical use, Incense - Christianity, Incense - Buddhism Shinto and Japan, Incense - Paganism, Incense - Criticism of incense, Incense - Health risk, Incense - Strong smell, Incense - Flammability

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While in Kiev, Vrubel started painting sketches and watercolours illustrating the Demon, a long Romantic poem by Mikhail Lermontov. The poem described the carnal passion of "an eternal nihilistic spirit" to a Georgian girl Tamara. At that period Vrubel developed a keen interest in Oriental arts, and particularly Persian carpets, and even attempted to imitate their texture in his paintings. In 1890, Vrubel moved to Moscow where he could best follow innovative trends in art. Like other artists associated with the Art No ...

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Mikhail Vrubel, Mikhail Vrubel - Early life, Mikhail Vrubel - Controversial fame, Mikhail Vrubel - Decline, Mikhail Vrubel - Works

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Tabernacle's floorplan The Most Holy Place The Ark of the Covenant The Holy Place Golden Candlestick Golden Altar Table of Showbread The Outer Court Brazen Altar | Brazen Laver See also:

Most Holy Place, Most Holy Place - Utilization, Most Holy Place - Sanctuary, Most Holy Place - Description, Most Holy Place - Modern location, Most Holy Place - In Jewish synagogues, Most Holy Place - Mormon perspective

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The Salt Lake Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints contains a "Holy of Holies" wherein the church's President—acting as the "Presiding High Priest"—enters to fulfill the relationship between the High Priest of Israel and God. This is done in accordance with LDS interpretation of the Book of Exodus (Ex 25:22). Although the LDS church operates over 100 temples, only the Salt Lake temple has this feature. During the construction of the Salt Lake City temple from 1853-1893, the LDS temple in Manti, Utah housed a "Holy of H ...

See also:

Most Holy Place, Most Holy Place - Utilization, Most Holy Place - Sanctuary, Most Holy Place - Description, Most Holy Place - Modern location, Most Holy Place - In Jewish synagogues, Most Holy Place - Mormon perspective

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This source is thought to have written the majority of the book of Leviticus, as well as stories that parallel those in J (the Jahwist text) and in E (the Elohist text). P emphasises the position of the priesthood and of Aaron, and always presents Aaron as being present when Moses does something on God's behalf, and states that it is Aaron's staff that God works miracles through, rather than Moses'. P also denigrates Moses' ability to continue to perform as leader by stating that, on descent from having become close to God at the moun ...

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Priestly source, Priestly source - Nature of the Priestly text, Priestly source - Contrasted with JE, Priestly source - The dating of the Priestly text, Priestly source - The origin of the Priestly text, Priestly source - Spinning tales, Priestly source - Accretion of material, Priestly source - Response to the production of P

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Incense - Biblical use. A compound of aromatic gums and balsams that will burn slowly, giving off a fragrant aroma. The Hebrew words qeto'reth and qetoh·rah' are from the root qa·tar', meaning "make sacrificial smoke." The equivalent in the Christian Greek Scriptures is thy·mi'a·ma. The sacred incense prescribed for use in the wilderness tabernacle was made of costly materials that the congregation contributed. (Ex 25:1, 2, 6; 35:4, 5, 8, 27-29) In giving the divine formula for this fourfold mixture, G ...

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Incense, Incense - Forms and use of incense, Incense - Direct burning, Incense - Indirect burning, Incense - Manufacturing, Incense - Fragrant materials, Incense - Combustible incense base, Incense - Mixture properties, Incense - Forming incense, Incense - Religious and ethnic use of incense, Incense - Biblical use, Incense - Christianity, Incense - Buddhism Shinto and Japan, Incense - Paganism, Incense - Criticism of incense, Incense - Health risk, Incense - Strong smell, Incense - Flammability

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After the censors had performed their various duties and taken the census, the lustrum or solemn purification of the people followed. When the censors entered upon their office, they drew lots to see which of them should perform this purification (lustrum facere or condere, Varr. L.L. vi.86; Livy xxix.37, xxxv.9, xxxviii.36, xlii.10); but both censors were obliged of course to be present at the ceremony. A census was sometimes taken in the provinces, even under the republic (Cicero Verr. ii.53, 56); but the ...

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Censor, Censor - Creation of the rank, Censor - Election, Censor - Attributes, Censor - Abolition, Censor - Duties, Censor - Census, Censor - Regimen morum, Censor - Administration of the finances of the state, Censor - Lustrum

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The census was first established by Servius Tullius, the fifth king of Rome. After the expulsion of the kings it was taken by the consuls until 443 BC. In 442 BC, military tribunes with consular power were appointed in place of the consuls; and as these tribunes might be plebeians, the patricians deprived the consuls and consequently their representatives, the tribunes, of the right of taking the census, and entrusted it to two magistrates, called censores (English censors), who wer ...

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Censor, Censor - Creation of the rank, Censor - Election, Censor - Attributes, Censor - Abolition, Censor - Duties, Censor - Census, Censor - Regimen morum, Censor - Administration of the finances of the state, Censor - Lustrum

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The censors were elected in the Centuriate Assembly held under the presidency of a consul (Auli Gellii xiii.15; Livy xl.45). Barthold Niebuhr suggests that they were at first elected by the Curiate Assembly, and that their election was confirmed by the Centuriate; but William Smith believes that "there is no authority for this supposition, and the truth of it depends entirely upon the correctness of [Niehbur's] views respecting the election of the consuls". Both censors had to be elected on the same day, and accordingly if the voting for the second was not finished, the election of the first was invalidated, and a new as ...

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Censor, Censor - Creation of the rank, Censor - Election, Censor - Attributes, Censor - Abolition, Censor - Duties, Censor - Census, Censor - Regimen morum, Censor - Administration of the finances of the state, Censor - Lustrum

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The censorship is distinguished from all other Roman magistracies by the length of time during which it was held. The censors were originally chosen for a whole lustrum (period of five years), but their office was limited to eighteen months as early as ten years after its institution (433 BC) by a law of the dictator Mamercus Aemilius Mamercinus (Livy iv.24, ix.33). The censors also held a very peculiar position with respect to rank and dignity. No imperium was bestowed upon them, and accordingly they had no lictors (Zonar. vii ...

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Censor, Censor - Creation of the rank, Censor - Election, Censor - Attributes, Censor - Abolition, Censor - Duties, Censor - Census, Censor - Regimen morum, Censor - Administration of the finances of the state, Censor - Lustrum

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The censorship continued in existence for 421 years, from 443 BC to 22 BC; but during this period many lustra passed by without any censor being chosen at all. According to one statement, the office was abolished by Sulla (Schol. Gronov. ad Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, p384, ed. Orelli). Although the authority on which this statement rests is not of much weight, the fact itself is probable, since there was no census during the two lustra which elapsed from Sulla's dictatorship of Pompey (82–70 BC), and any strict "imposition of morals" would have been found very inconvenient to the aristocra ...

See also:

Censor, Censor - Creation of the rank, Censor - Election, Censor - Attributes, Censor - Abolition, Censor - Duties, Censor - Census, Censor - Regimen morum, Censor - Administration of the finances of the state, Censor - Lustrum

Read more here: » Censor: Encyclopedia II - Censor - Abolition

Some modern readers believe this may have been an edible wafer or the sap of a variety of succulent plant found in the Sinai peninsula, which may have had appetite-suppressing effects. Others have hypothesized that it was one of the species of kosher locusts found in the region. The most widespread explanations, however, are either crystallized honeydew of scale insects feeding on tamarisk twigs, or thalli of the Manna Lichen (Lecanora esculenta). At the turn of the 20th century local Arabs in Palestine collected the resin of the tamarisk as mann es-sama ("heavenly manna"), a ...

See also:

Manna, Manna - Identifying manna, Manna - Fantasy Version, Manna - Modern term, Manna - Vegetarian view

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Baptism - Non-Christian religions. Although baptism as a rite, is Christian, many cultures practice or have practiced rites similar to baptism, including the ancient Egyptian, the Hebraic/Jewish, the Babylonian, the Mayan and the Japanese cultures. In some, such evidence may be archaeological and descriptive in nature, rather than a modern practice. Mandaeans, who abhor Jesus and Moses as false prophets, revere John the Baptist and practice frequent baptism. The Sikh baptis ...

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Baptism, Baptism - Background in Jewish ritual, Baptism - Explanation, Baptism - Ecumenical statement, Baptism - Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox Lutheran Anglican and Methodist baptism, Baptism - Baptism and salvation, Baptism - Conditions of the validity of a baptism, Baptism - Baptism by other denominations, Baptism - Who may administer a baptism, Baptism - Baptist and other Protestant baptism, Baptism - Reformed and Covenant Theology view, Baptism - Latter Day Saint baptism, Baptism - Baptism in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Baptism - Jehovah's Witnesses, Baptism - Baptism in Churches of Christ, Baptism - Other baptisms, Baptism - Non-Christian religions, Baptism - Methaphorical Baptisms, Baptism - Related articles and subjects, Baptism - People and ritual objects, Baptism - Resources

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Book of Numbers - Chapter 1. God orders Moses, in the wilderness of Sinai, to take the number of those able to bear arms—of all the men "from twenty years old and upward," the tribe of Levi being excepted, and to appoint princes over each tribe. The result of the numbering is that 603,550 Israelites are found to be fit for military service. Moses is ordered to assign to the Levites exclusively the service of the Tabernacle. See also:

Book of Numbers, Book of Numbers - Summary, Book of Numbers - Chapter 1, Book of Numbers - Chapter 2, Book of Numbers - Chapter 3, Book of Numbers - Chapters 4-6, Book of Numbers - Chapters 7-9, Book of Numbers - Chapters 10-12, Book of Numbers - Chapters 13-14, Book of Numbers - Chapters 15-17, Book of Numbers - Chapters 18-19, Book of Numbers - Chapters 20-21, Book of Numbers - Chapters 22-24, Book of Numbers - Chapters 25-27, Book of Numbers - Chapters 28-29, Book of Numbers - Chapters 30-32, Book of Numbers - Chapter 33-36

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The Priestly source follows the combined JE source based on the Jahwist and Elohist narratives, although the narrative of the priestly source is noticeably small. However, much of JE appears to have been excised in the priestly source, in particular, stories not directly concerning Judah, or its heroes, are simply not present. None of the stories involving the plain and Lot, except for a passing mention in a single verse of Sodom and Gomorrah, nor Esau and Edom, are present, and neither is there any tales ...

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Priestly source, Priestly source - Nature of the Priestly text, Priestly source - Contrasted with JE, Priestly source - The dating of the Priestly text, Priestly source - The origin of the Priestly text, Priestly source - Spinning tales, Priestly source - Accretion of material, Priestly source - Response to the production of P

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Idolatry is prohibited by many verses in the Hebrew Bible. There is no one section that clearly defines idolatry; rather there are a number of commandments on this subject spread through the books of the Hebrew Bible, some of which were written in different historical eras, in response to different issues. Taking these verses together, idolatry in the Hebrew Bible is defined as the worship of idols (or images); the worship of polytheistic gods by use of idols (or images) and even the use of idols in the ...

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Idolatry in Christianity, Idolatry in Christianity - Hebrew origins, Idolatry in Christianity - The prohibition of idolatry in Christianity, Idolatry in Christianity - Protestant views of idolatry, Idolatry in Christianity - Catholic and Orthodox understanding of the use of images

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The ceremonies begin when the Master of Ceremonies rings the bell. The porter opens the sacristy door and the servers and ministers leave the sacristy and enter the church in the following manner: first the thurifer carrying his thurible and boat (or the aspersorium is the Asperges is to be had); next come the acolytes carrying their candles (the custom in Northern European and English-speaking countries is to have a crucifer holding a processional cross walking between the acolytes); the Master of Ceremonies comes next, finally the three sa ...

See also:

Solemn Mass, Solemn Mass - Definition, Solemn Mass - Vestments, Solemn Mass - Music, Solemn Mass - Structure, Solemn Mass - Variations on High Mass

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