Celecoxib Celecoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain, painful menstruation and menstrual symptoms, and to reduce numbers of colon and rectum growths polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. It is marketed by Pfizer under the brand name Celebrex. Celecoxib - Pharmacology. Celecoxib is a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor and primarily inhibits this isoform of cyclooxygenase, whe ...

Including:

Celecoxib - Pharmacology Celecoxib - Adverse effects
Celecoxib - Gastrointestinal ADRs Celecoxib - Cardiovascular risk Celecoxib - Allergy
Celecoxib - Commercial history

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Including:

Codeinone - Chemical structure

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Main article: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Aside from the incidence of gastric ulceration, celecoxib exhibits a similar adverse drug reaction (ADR) profile to other NSAIDs. Celecoxib - Gastrointestinal ADRs. In theory the COX-2 selectivity should result in a significantly lower incidence of gastrointestinal ulceration than traditional NSAIDs. The main body of evidence touted to support this theory were the preliminary (6 month) results of the Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety Study ...

See also:

Celecoxib, Celecoxib - Pharmacology, Celecoxib - Adverse effects, Celecoxib - Gastrointestinal ADRs, Celecoxib - Cardiovascular risk, Celecoxib - Allergy, Celecoxib - Commercial history

Read more here: » Celecoxib: Encyclopedia II - Celecoxib - Adverse effects

Celecoxib Celecoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain, painful menstruation and menstrual symptoms, and to reduce numbers of colon and rectum growths polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. It is marketed by Pfizer under the brand name Celebrex. Celecoxib - Pharmacology. Celecoxib is a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor and primarily inhibits this isoform of cyclooxygenase, whe ...

Including:

Celecoxib - Pharmacology Celecoxib - Adverse effects
Celecoxib - Gastrointestinal ADRs Celecoxib - Cardiovascular risk Celecoxib - Allergy
Celecoxib - Commercial history

Read more here: » Celecoxib: Encyclopedia - Celecoxib

Alfentanil (Alfenta) is a parenteral short-acting opioid painkiller, used for anaesthesia in surgery. While it gives less cardiovascular complications, it tends to give stronger respiratory depression. Alfentanil is a Schedule I drug under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs[1]. Alfentanil - External link. some more info {Paracetamol (acetaminophen)} {NSAIDs} {Opiates} {Tetrahydrocannabinol} {Aspirin} {Celecoxib} {Diclofenac} {D ...

Including:

Alfentanil - External link

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COX-2 selective inhibitor is a form of NSAID that directly targets COX-2, an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain. Selectivity for COX-2 can halve the risk of peptic ulceration, and is the main feature of celecoxib, rofecoxib and other members of this drug class. Cox-2-selectivity does not seem to affect other side-effects of NSAIDs (most notably an increased risk of renal failure), and some results have aroused the suspicion that there might be an increase in the risk for heart attack, thrombosis and stroke by a relati ...

Including:

COX-2 inhibitor - Research history COX-2 inhibitor - Side-effects and withdrawal of Vioxx COX-2 inhibitor - Early COX-2 inhibiting drugs COX-2 inhibitor - Comparative studies COX-2 inhibitor - Combinations of drugs COX-2 inhibitor - Risks and side effects COX-2 inhibitor - Considerations for prescription

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An analgesic (colloquially known as painkiller) is any member of the diverse group of drugs used to relieve pain and to achieve analgesia. This derives from Greek an-, "without", and -algia, "pain". Analgesic drugs act in various ways on the peripheral and central nervous system; they include paracetamol (acetaminophen), the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as the salicylates, narcotic drugs such as morphine, synthetic drugs with narcotic properties such as tramadol, and various others. So ...

Including:

Analgesic - Stepwise use Analgesic - The major classes
Analgesic - Opiates and morphinomimetics Analgesic - Specific agents
Analgesic - Specific forms and uses
Analgesic - Combinations Analgesic - Topical or systemic Analgesic - Psychotropic agents
Analgesic - Addiction Analgesic - Reference

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Carfentanil Carfentanil, also Carfentanyl, is an analogue of the popular opioid Fentanyl, and is one of the most potent opioids known (and the most potent opioid used commercially). It has a quantitative potency approximately 10,000 times that of morphine and 100 times that of fentanyl (activity in humans starting at about 1 µg). It is marketed under the trade name Wildnil as a tranquilizer for large animals. Carfentanyl is intended for animal use only as its extreme ...

Including:

Carfentanil - Reference

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Codeine Codeine (INN) or methylmorphine is an opioid used for its analgesic, antitussive and antidiarrheal properties. It is marketed as the salts codeine sulfate and codeine phosphate. Codeine is an alkaloid found in opium in concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 2.5 percent. While codeine can be extracted from opium, most codeine used in the United States is synthesized from morphine through the process of O-methylation. Codeine - Indications. Approved indicat ...

Including:

Codeine - Indications Codeine - Controlled substance Codeine - Pharmacokinetics Codeine - Pharmacology Codeine - Adverse effects Codeine - Recreational use

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An analgesic (colloquially known as painkiller) is any member of the diverse group of drugs used to relieve pain and to achieve analgesia. This derives from Greek an-, "without", and -algia, "pain". Analgesic drugs act in various ways on the peripheral and central nervous system; they include paracetamol (acetaminophen), the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as the salicylates, narcotic drugs such as morphine, synthetic drugs with narcotic properties such as tramadol, and various others. So ...

Including:

Analgesic - Stepwise use Analgesic - The major classes
Analgesic - Paracetamol and NSAIDs Analgesic - Opiates and morphinomimetics Analgesic - Specific agents
Analgesic - Specific forms and uses
Analgesic - Combinations Analgesic - Topical or systemic Analgesic - Psychotropic agents
Analgesic - Addiction Analgesic - Reference

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Tylenol (paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen) is a popular American brand of pain reliever and fever reducer, sold by Johnson & Johnson. It is extremely popular because it is available without prescription and it is effective with few side effects, but overdoses of Tylenol are serious and can be fatal. In heavy drinkers, regular use of acetaminophen increases liver damage from alcohol. Unlike NSAIDs, paracetamol is not particularly effec ...

Including:

Tylenol - External link

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Carfentanil Carfentanil, also Carfentanyl, is an analogue of the popular opioid Fentanyl, and is one of the most potent opioids known (and the most potent opioid used commercially). It has a quantitative potency approximately 10,000 times that of morphine and 100 times that of fentanyl (activity in humans starting at about 1 µg). It is marketed under the trade name Wildnil as a tranquilizer for large animals. Carfentanyl is intended for animal use only as its extreme ...

Including:

Carfentanil - Reference

Read more here: » Carfentanil: Encyclopedia - Carfentanil

ATC code L01 - L01AA Nitrogen mustard analogues. L01AA01 Cyclophosphamide L01AA02 Chlorambucil L01AA03 Melphalan L01AA05 Chlormethine L01AA06 Ifosfamide L01AA07 Trofosfamide L01AA08 Prednimustine ATC code L01 - L01AB Alkyl sulfonates. L01AB01 Busulfan L01AB02 Treosulfan L01AB03 Mannosulfan ATC code L01 - L01AC Ethylene imines. L01AC01 Thiotepa

Rofecoxib belongs to the group of NSAIDs known as COX-2 selective inhibitors or coxibs (CycloOXygenase-2 InhiBitors). Being COX-2 selective means that these drugs act specifically on one form of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, namely the COX-2, whereas previous NSAIDs inhibited both COX-1 and COX-2. This specificity allows rofecoxib and other COX-2 inhibitors to reduce inflammation and pain while minimizing undesired gastrointestinal adverse effects - peptic ulcers - that are common with non-sel ...

See also:

Rofecoxib, Rofecoxib - COX-2 selective inhibitor, Rofecoxib - Adverse drug reactions, Rofecoxib - Withdrawal from the market, Rofecoxib - VIGOR study, Rofecoxib - APPROVe study, Rofecoxib - Withdrawal, Rofecoxib - Litigation, Rofecoxib - Other COX-2 inhibitors

Read more here: » Rofecoxib: Encyclopedia II - Rofecoxib - COX-2 selective inhibitor

Hydromorphone, a semi-synthetic μ-opioid agonist, is a hydrogenated ketone of morphine and shares the pharmacologic properties typical of opioid analgesics. Hydromorphone and related opioids produce their major effects on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. These include analgesia, drowsiness, mental clouding, changes in mood, euphoria or dysphoria, respiratory depression, cough suppression, decreased gastrointestinal motility, nausea, vomiting, increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure, increased biliary pressure, pinpoint constriction of the pupils, increased parasympathe ...

See also:

Hydromorphone, Hydromorphone - Overview, Hydromorphone - Details, Hydromorphone - Side Effects, Hydromorphone - Notes

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Oxycodone is one of the most powerful medications for pain control that can be taken orally. Percocet tablets (oxycodone with acetaminophen) are routinely prescribed for post-operative pain control. Oxycodone is also used in treatment of moderate to severe chronic pain. When used at recommended doses for relatively short periods (several weeks), it provides effective pain control with manageable side effects. Nausea, constipation, lightheadedness, rash, dizziness, and emotional mood disorders are t ...

See also:

Oxycodone, Oxycodone - Chemical structure, Oxycodone - Medical use, Oxycodone - Abuse

Read more here: » Oxycodone: Encyclopedia II - Oxycodone - Medical use

The exact mechanism of action is not entirely known, but it is thought that the primary mechanism responsible for its anti-inflammatory/antipyretic/analgesic action is inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX). Diclofenac, it seems, may also be a unique member of the NSAIDs. There is some evidence that diclofenac inhibits the lipooxygenase pathways, thus reducing formation of the leukotrienes (also pro-inflammatory autacoids). There is also speculation that diclofenac may inhibit phospholipase A2 ...

See also:

Diclofenac, Diclofenac - Mechanism of action, Diclofenac - Common uses, Diclofenac - Off label/investigational uses, Diclofenac - Contraindications, Diclofenac - Side effects, Diclofenac - Veterinary information, Diclofenac - Interactions, Diclofenac - Dosage, Diclofenac - Animal toxicity and human overdose, Diclofenac - Environmental problems, Diclofenac - Reference

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Codeine is often used as a recreational drug. This may be due to its easy availability over-the-counter or on prescription in combination products (which, in the certain countries, are scheduled lower than codeine as a single-agent). People use it in order to obtain the euphoric effects associated with use of opioids. In certain areas of the United States; more specifically Texas, codeine syrup form is called Lean. It is commonly mixed with alcohol, or a blunt and smoked. It has been said this is done because it makes you ...

See also:

Codeine, Codeine - Indications, Codeine - Controlled substance, Codeine - Pharmacokinetics, Codeine - Pharmacology, Codeine - Adverse effects, Codeine - Recreational use

Read more here: » Codeine: Encyclopedia II - Codeine - Recreational use

Piroxicam is an NSAID and, as such, is a non-selective COX inhibitor. Main article: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ...

See also:

Piroxicam, Piroxicam - Mechanism of action, Piroxicam - Adverse effects

Read more here: » Piroxicam: Encyclopedia II - Piroxicam - Mechanism of action

Analgesic - Paracetamol and NSAIDs. The exact mechanism of action of paracetamol is uncertain, but it appears to be acting centrally. Aspirin and the NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase, leading to a decrease in prostaglandin production; this improves pain and also inflammation (in contrast to paracetamol and the opioids). Paracetamol has few side effects, but dosing is limited by possible hepatotoxicity (potential for liver damage). NSAIDs may predispose to peptic ulcers, renal failure, allergic reactions, and hearing loss. They may also increase the risk of hemorrhage. A ...

See also:

Analgesic, Analgesic - Stepwise use, Analgesic - The major classes, Analgesic - Paracetamol and NSAIDs, Analgesic - Opiates and morphinomimetics, Analgesic - Specific agents, Analgesic - Specific forms and uses, Analgesic - Combinations, Analgesic - Topical or systemic, Analgesic - Psychotropic agents, Analgesic - Addiction, Analgesic - Reference

Read more here: » Analgesic: Encyclopedia II - Analgesic - The major classes