Cecil Woodham-Smith

Cecil Woodham-Smith was born in 1896 in Tenby, Wales. Her family, the Fitzgeralds, were a well-known Irish family, one of her ancestors being Lord Edward Fitzgerald, hero of the Irish Rebellion of 1798. Her father Colonel James FitzGerald had served in the Indian Army during the Sepoy Mutiny; her mother's family included General Sir Thomas Picton, a distinguished soldier who was killed at Waterloo. She attended the Royal School for Officers' Daughters in Bath, until her expulsion for taking unannounced leave for a trip to the National ...

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Cecil Woodham-Smith, Cecil Woodham-Smith - Early life, Cecil Woodham-Smith - Career

Read more here: » Cecil Woodham-Smith: Encyclopedia II - Cecil Woodham-Smith - Early life

The Charge of the Light Brigade was an ill-advised cavalry charge, led by Lord Cardigan, which occurred during the Battle of Balaclava on October 25, 1854 during the Crimean War. It is best remembered as the subject of a famous poem entitled The Charge of the Light Brigade by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, whose lines "Theirs not to reason why / Theirs but to do and die" have made the charge a symbol of warfare at its most reckless. Charge of the Light Brigade - Events. The charge was made by the Light Briga ...

Including:

• Charge of the Light Brigade - Events
• Charge of the Light Brigade - Aftermath
• Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Light Brigade
• Charge of the Light Brigade - Kipling's response
• Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Heavy Brigade
• Charge of the Light Brigade - Other media
• Charge of the Light Brigade - External link

Read more here: » Charge of the Light Brigade: Encyclopedia - Charge of the Light Brigade

The charge was made by the Light Brigade of the British cavalry, consisting of the 4th and 13th Light Dragoons, 17th Lancers, and the 8th and 11th Hussars, under the command of Major General the Earl of Cardigan. Together with the Heavy Brigade comprising the 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards, the 5th Dragoon Guards, the 6th Inniskilling Dragoons and the Scots Greys, commanded by Major General J Yorke-Scarlett, himself a past Commanding Officer of the 5th Dragoon Guards, these units were the main British cavalry force at the battle. Overall ...

See also:

Charge of the Light Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Events, Charge of the Light Brigade - Aftermath, Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Light Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Kipling's response, Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Heavy Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Other media

Read more here: » Charge of the Light Brigade: Encyclopedia II - Charge of the Light Brigade - Events

Irish potato famine legacy - In Ireland. Political reaction resulted from the Famine, because of the extremely limited franchise that existed at the time. While Ireland in the 1820s to 1840s had been dominated by the Catholic Emancipation and "Repeal" movements under Daniel O'Connell, it was not until the 1880s under Charles Stewart Parnell, nearly forty years after the Famine, that a major Irish nationalist political movement, the Home Rule League (later known as the 'Parliamentary Party') appeared. Parnell was ...

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Irish potato famine legacy, Irish potato famine legacy - The Political & Cultural Impact of the Famine, Irish potato famine legacy - In Ireland, Irish potato famine legacy - Irish Emigrants Abroad, Irish potato famine legacy - Genocide?, Irish potato famine legacy - The Famine Legacy Today, Irish potato famine legacy - The Famine in Song, Irish potato famine legacy - Ireland and Modern Famine Relief, Irish potato famine legacy - Footnotes, Irish potato famine legacy - Additional Reading

Read more here: » Irish potato famine legacy: Encyclopedia II - Irish potato famine legacy - The Political & Cultural Impact of the Famine

The charge was made by the Light Brigade of the British cavalry, consisting of the 4th and 13th Light Dragoons, 17th Lancers, and the 8th and 11th Hussars, under the command of Major General the Earl of Cardigan. Together with the Heavy Brigade comprising the 4th Royal Irish Dragoon Guards, the 5th Dragoon Guards, the 6th Inniskilling Dragoons and the Scots Greys, commanded by Major General J Yorke-Scarlett, himself a past Commanding Officer of the 5th Dragoon Guards, these units were the main British cavalry force at the battle. Overall ...

See also:

Charge of the Light Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Events, Charge of the Light Brigade - Aftermath, Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Light Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Kipling's response, Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Heavy Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Other media, Charge of the Light Brigade - External link

Read more here: » Charge of the Light Brigade: Encyclopedia II - Charge of the Light Brigade - Events

The Act of Union 1800 stipulated that Ireland would have in the United Kingdom one-fifth the representation of Great Britain, that is 100 members in the House of Commons. The trouble was not the lack of Irish representation in the British parliament but that the London parliament was not in tune with the needs of Ireland, given that the vast majority of its MPs and government ministers had never set foot in Ireland, and had shown little interest in it or its problems. The union of the churches of England and Ireland also cemented British rul ...

See also:

Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Ireland and Great Britain, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Suggestions of genocide, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Irish landholdings, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The potato in Ireland, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The blight, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Evictions, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The aftermath, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Emigration, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Memorials to the famine, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In Ireland, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In the United Kingdom, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In North America, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In Australia, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Footnotes, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Additional reading

Read more here: » Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849: Encyclopedia II - Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Ireland and Great Britain

A controversial claim made by a significant number of historians is that the Famine amounted to genocide by the British against the Irish, which implies a deliberate policy of planned extermination. Other Irish, British and American historians, such as Professors F.S.L. Lyons, John A. Murphy, Joe Lee, Roy Foster, and James S. Donnelly, Jr, as well as historians Cecil Woodham-Smith, Peter Gray, Ruth Dudley Edwards have dismissed claims of a deliberate policy of genocide. All historians generally agree that the British policies during the Fami ...

See also:

Irish potato famine legacy, Irish potato famine legacy - The Political & Cultural Impact of the Famine, Irish potato famine legacy - In Ireland, Irish potato famine legacy - Irish Emigrants Abroad, Irish potato famine legacy - Genocide?, Irish potato famine legacy - The Famine Legacy Today, Irish potato famine legacy - The Famine in Song, Irish potato famine legacy - Ireland and Modern Famine Relief, Irish potato famine legacy - Footnotes, Irish potato famine legacy - Additional Reading

Read more here: » Irish potato famine legacy: Encyclopedia II - Irish potato famine legacy - Genocide?

There is a persistent myth that the brigade was completely destroyed, which is not true. However, the unit did suffer terribly, with 118 men killed, 127 wounded, and 362 horses lost; after regrouping only 195 men were still with horses. The futility of the action and its reckless bravery prompted the French Marshal Pierre Bosquet to state "C'est magnifique, mais ce n'est pas la guerre." ("It is magnificent, but it is not war.") The Russian commanders are said to have initially believed that the British soldiers must have been drunk. The reputation of the British cavalry was significantly enhanced as a result of the cha ...

See also:

Charge of the Light Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Events, Charge of the Light Brigade - Aftermath, Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Light Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Kipling's response, Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Heavy Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Other media

Read more here: » Charge of the Light Brigade: Encyclopedia II - Charge of the Light Brigade - Aftermath

The Charge of the Light Brigade has twice been made the subject of a film. The first, made in 1936 by Michael Curtiz and starring Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland and David Niven, was a Hollywood account inspired by Kipling, blending English public school bravado and a mythical image of British imperialism, The second, deeply critical film was made in 1968, directed by Tony Richardson. It starred John Gielgud and Trevor Howard and aimed to be brutally authentic, based on the research of Cecil Woodham-Smith's The Reason Why (1953). Int ...

See also:

Charge of the Light Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Events, Charge of the Light Brigade - Aftermath, Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Light Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Kipling's response, Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Heavy Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Other media

Read more here: » Charge of the Light Brigade: Encyclopedia II - Charge of the Light Brigade - Other media

Tennyson's poem, published December 9, 1854 in The Examiner, praises the Brigade, "When can their glory fade? O the wild charge they made!", while mourning the appalling futility of the charge: "Not tho' the soldier knew, someone had blunder'd… Charging an army, while all the world wonder'd." Tennyson wrote the poem inside only a few minutes after reading an account of the battle in The Times, according to his grandson Sir Charles Tennyson. It immediately became h ...

See also:

Charge of the Light Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Events, Charge of the Light Brigade - Aftermath, Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Light Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Kipling's response, Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Heavy Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Other media

Read more here: » Charge of the Light Brigade: Encyclopedia II - Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Light Brigade

The Great Famine is still remembered in many locations throughout Ireland, especially in those regions which suffered the greatest losses, and also in cities overseas with large populations descended from Irish immigrants. Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In Ireland. Strokestown Park Famine Museum, Ireland Dublin City Quays, Ireland. Painfully thin sculptural figures stand as if walking towards the emigration ships on the Dublin Quayside. Murrisk, County Mayo, Ireland. This sculpture ...

See also:

Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Ireland and Great Britain, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Suggestions of genocide, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Irish landholdings, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The potato in Ireland, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The blight, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Evictions, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The aftermath, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Emigration, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Memorials to the famine, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In Ireland, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In the United Kingdom, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In North America, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In Australia, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Footnotes, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Additional reading

Read more here: » Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849: Encyclopedia II - Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Memorials to the famine

Potato blights continued in Ireland, especially in 1872 and 1879-1880. These killed few people, partly because they were less severe, but mainly due to a complex range of reasons. The growth in the numbers of railways made the importation of foodstuffs easier; in 1834, Ireland had 6 miles of railway tracks; by 1912, the total was 3,403. The banning of sub-division, coupled with emigration, had increased the average farm holding, enabling tenant farms to diversify in terms of produce grown. The increasing wealth in urban areas meant alternati ...

See also:

Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Ireland and Great Britain, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Suggestions of genocide, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Irish landholdings, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The potato in Ireland, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The blight, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Evictions, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The aftermath, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Emigration, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Memorials to the famine, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In Ireland, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In the United Kingdom, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In North America, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In Australia, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Footnotes, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Additional reading

Read more here: » Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849: Encyclopedia II - Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The aftermath

The Charge of the Light Brigade has twice been made the subject of a film. The first, made in 1936 by Michael Curtiz and starring Errol Flynn, Olivia de Havilland and David Niven, was a Hollywood account inspired by Kipling, blending English public school bravado and a mythical image of British imperialism, The second, deeply critical film was made in 1968, directed by Tony Richardson. It starred John Gielgud and Trevor Howard and aimed to be brutally authentic, based on the research of Cecil Woodham-Smith's The Reason Why (1953). Int ...

See also:

Charge of the Light Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Events, Charge of the Light Brigade - Aftermath, Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Light Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Kipling's response, Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Heavy Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Other media, Charge of the Light Brigade - External link

Read more here: » Charge of the Light Brigade: Encyclopedia II - Charge of the Light Brigade - Other media

Tennyson's poem, published December 9, 1854 in The Examiner, praises the Brigade, "When can their glory fade? O the wild charge they made!", while mourning the appalling futility of the charge: "Not tho' the soldier knew, someone had blunder'd… Charging an army, while all the world wonder'd." Tennyson wrote the poem inside only a few minutes after reading an account of the battle in The Times, according to his grandson Sir Charles Tennyson. It immediately became h ...

See also:

Charge of the Light Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Events, Charge of the Light Brigade - Aftermath, Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Light Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Kipling's response, Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Heavy Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Other media, Charge of the Light Brigade - External link

Read more here: » Charge of the Light Brigade: Encyclopedia II - Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Light Brigade

There is a persistent myth that the brigade was completely destroyed, which is not true. However, the unit did suffer terribly, with 118 men killed, 127 wounded, and 362 horses lost; after regrouping only 195 men were still with horses. The futility of the action and its reckless bravery prompted the French Marshal Pierre Bosquet to state "C'est magnifique, mais ce n'est pas la guerre." ("It is magnificent, but it is not war.") The Russian commanders are said to have initially believed that the British soldiers must have been drunk. The reputation of the British cavalry was significantly enhanced as a result of the cha ...

See also:

Charge of the Light Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Events, Charge of the Light Brigade - Aftermath, Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Light Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Kipling's response, Charge of the Light Brigade - Tennyson's The Charge of the Heavy Brigade, Charge of the Light Brigade - Other media, Charge of the Light Brigade - External link

Read more here: » Charge of the Light Brigade: Encyclopedia II - Charge of the Light Brigade - Aftermath

The catastrophe that was the Famine was the product of a number of complex problems which affected nineteenth century Ireland. One of the most central was the nature of land-holdings. From the middle ages onwards, Irish ownership of the land of the island had been in decline, as waves of settlers, from the Elizabethan plantations on, assumed control of large tracts of land. A practice of consolidation of lands into large estates was widespread in Europe, but, in Ireland, it was complicated by the discriminatory laws applied to all faiths oth ...

See also:

Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Ireland and Great Britain, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Suggestions of genocide, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Irish landholdings, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The potato in Ireland, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The blight, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Evictions, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The aftermath, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Emigration, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Memorials to the famine, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In Ireland, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In the United Kingdom, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In North America, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In Australia, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Footnotes, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Additional reading

Read more here: » Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849: Encyclopedia II - Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Irish landholdings

The potato contains considerable food energy, and yet is very easy to cultivate. Typical farming practice of the era seeded a field once after being hoed, and future years' crops were "seeded" by simply leaving some of the potatoes unharvested in the ground. Weeding was minimal, and irrigation unnecessary. The potato had become Ireland's major food crop after being introduced sometime around 1650, though its dominance was not achieved until around the 1780s. Even small plots could provide enough food energy for a family (and also to feed pig ...

See also:

Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Ireland and Great Britain, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Suggestions of genocide, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Irish landholdings, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The potato in Ireland, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The blight, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Evictions, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The aftermath, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Emigration, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Memorials to the famine, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In Ireland, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In the United Kingdom, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In North America, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In Australia, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Footnotes, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Additional reading

Read more here: » Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849: Encyclopedia II - Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The potato in Ireland

In a final disastrous twist, local relief was paid for through the Poor Law Union, which was funded by rates (local taxes) paid by landlords, on the basis of an estate's tenant numbers. This produced the perverse farce of increasing local reliance on the poor law leading landlords to evict impoverished tenants in order to control their rapidly rising rates bills, only to see those evictees, now reliant on the Poor Law Union pushing up rate bills further, leading to more evictions. But if they kept on tenants unable to pay rents, they then mi ...

See also:

Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Ireland and Great Britain, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Suggestions of genocide, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Irish landholdings, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The potato in Ireland, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The blight, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Evictions, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The aftermath, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Emigration, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Memorials to the famine, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In Ireland, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In the United Kingdom, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In North America, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In Australia, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Footnotes, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Additional reading

Read more here: » Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849: Encyclopedia II - Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Evictions

Although the origins are still unclear, in 1845 a potato blight struck across Europe, turning potatoes into a soggy and inedible mess. The Freeman's Journal (the main nationalist newspaper) on June 27, 1846 carried a headline Disease in the New Potato Crop, recounting an early outbreak in County Mayo. By Black '47, the vast majority of that year's crop was ruined. Food stores and emergency supplies made up for some of this setback, but the blight appeared again in 1849, and there was no reserve capacity remaining, even in the h ...

See also:

Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Ireland and Great Britain, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Suggestions of genocide, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Irish landholdings, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The potato in Ireland, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The blight, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Evictions, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The aftermath, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Emigration, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Memorials to the famine, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In Ireland, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In the United Kingdom, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In North America, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In Australia, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Footnotes, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Additional reading

Read more here: » Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849: Encyclopedia II - Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The blight

As a result of the famine, many Irish families were forced to emigrate from the country. By 1854, between 1.5 and 2 million Irish left their country. In the United States, most Irish became city-dwellers. With little money, many had to settle in the cities that the ships they came on landed in. By 1850, the Irish made up a quarter of the population in Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. The 1851 census reported that about one third of the inhabitants of Toronto, Canada, were Irish. The Famine is often seen as an initiator in ...

See also:

Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Ireland and Great Britain, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Suggestions of genocide, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Irish landholdings, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The potato in Ireland, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The blight, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Evictions, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - The aftermath, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Emigration, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Memorials to the famine, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In Ireland, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In the United Kingdom, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In North America, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - In Australia, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Footnotes, Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Additional reading

Read more here: » Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849: Encyclopedia II - Irish Potato Famine 1845-1849 - Emigration