The speed at which a CD or DVD can be ripped is often expressed as a multiplier: 12X (means 12 times faster than just playing it). Important in estimating ripping speeds are: the media-player's speed: a CD has a maximum rotation speed (so it does not break due to rotational forces) and the media players get closer and closer to that limit (e.g. a player that can read a CD at 60x the normal speed). It is also important where the laserhead is. It starts reading closest to the center (lowest bitrate for a given rotation speed) and ...

See also:

Ripping, Ripping - Ripping speed

Read more here: » Ripping: Encyclopedia II - Ripping - Ripping speed

SACD has copy prevention features at the physical level, which for the moment appears to make this format nearly impossible to perfectly copy. These include 80 bit encryption of the audio data, with a key encoded on a special area of the disk that is only readable by a licensed SACD device. SACD can't be played on a computer, nor can SACDs be created except by a licensed disc replication facility. Copying the music may still be done via an analogue stage (for example, line-out of the SACD player to the line-in of a CD recorder), but doing so is imperfect s ...

See also:

Super Audio CD, Super Audio CD - Overview, Super Audio CD - Integration, Super Audio CD - Disc reading, Super Audio CD - DSD, Super Audio CD - Comparison of SACD DVD-Audio and CD, Super Audio CD - Copy protection

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The first CD based Walkman was initially launched in 1984 - the D-50. It was nicknamed the 'Discman', and this name has since been used to refer to them. Later Discman models boasted ESP (Electronic Skip Protection), which pre-read the music from the CD into a small amount of memory to prevent the CD skipping when the player was moved. The technology was since renamed 'G-Protection', and uses a larger memory to pre-read the data. For years, the Discman / CD Walkman was a success in the marketplace. However, newer technologies, such as flash / hard drive MP3 players and MiniDiscs, have c ...

See also:

Walkman, Walkman - Cassette-based Walkman, Walkman - CD Walkman Discman, Walkman - MiniDisc Walkman, Walkman - Network Walkman, Walkman - What next?, Walkman - The latest Walkman

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The precursors to DAPs were portable CD players and Mini disc players (neither being generally considered a "digital audio player"). Non-mechanical DAPs were introduced following the popularity of the precursors. The first non-mechanical digital audio player in the world was created by SaeHan Information Systems in 1997. The MPMan F10 was later OEMed to the American market through Eiger Labs. The first non-mechanical digital audio player on the American market was the Eiger Labs MPMan F10, a 32MB portable that appeared in the summer o ...

See also:

Digital audio player, Digital audio player - History, Digital audio player - Equipment, Digital audio player - Usage, Digital audio player - Audio acquisition, Digital audio player - Major brands of digital audio players

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Information about what optical discs the players support. External links lead to information about support in future versions of the browsers or extensions that provide such functionality. Note 23: Supports CD and CDDA (Jitter correction optional) ...

See also:

Comparison of media players, Comparison of media players - General, Comparison of media players - Operating system support, Comparison of media players - Features, Comparison of media players - Protocol support, Comparison of media players - Audio format support, Comparison of media players - Video format support, Comparison of media players - Container format support, Comparison of media players - Optical disc support, Comparison of media players - Metadata support, Comparison of media players - Subtitle support

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Hip-hop instrumental music is classified as sampled breaks dubbed over sampled music. The two parts are often interpolated post factum using a variety of playback devices such as a turntable or CD player. The playback is sometimes recorded as the final version of an instrumental that goes on to mixdown with vocals. Hip-hop music usually consists of some or all of the following elements: A drum beat A basslineSee also:

Hip hop production, Hip hop production - Concept, Hip hop production - Elements, Hip hop production - Sampling, Hip hop production - Beats, Hip hop production - Scratching, Hip hop production - Studio Parts, Hip hop production - Recording, Hip hop production - Sequencers and Samplers, Hip hop production - DAWs, Hip hop production - Synthesizers

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Initially the MiniDisc was akin to a miniaturised CD, capable of storing up to 80 minutes of CD-quality audio on a disc roughly two-thirds the size of a CD. MiniDiscs also came in a plastic caddy, which increased their lifespan over CDs. The MiniDisc Walkman was able to both play and record MiniDiscs from digital sources and microphones. The units were initially large, but soon reduced in size as the technology was perfected. Gradual improvements were made to MiniDisc player-recorders, including the addition of MDLP (short for MiniDis ...

See also:

Walkman, Walkman - Cassette-based Walkman, Walkman - CD Walkman Discman, Walkman - MiniDisc Walkman, Walkman - Network Walkman, Walkman - What next?, Walkman - The latest Walkman

Read more here: » Walkman: Encyclopedia II - Walkman - MiniDisc Walkman

By 2000, Napster had become a popular mainstream hobby, and several music publishers responded by starting to sell some CDs with various copy protection schemes. Most of these are playback restrictions that aim to make the CD unusable in computers with CD-ROM drives, leaving only dedicated audio CD players for playback. This does not, however, prevent such a CD from being copied via analogue connections, ...

See also:

Copy protection, Copy protection - Note on terminology, Copy protection - Business rationale, Copy protection - Technical challenges, Copy protection - Copy protection on older media, Copy protection - Copy protection for computer software, Copy protection - Case study: Steam, Copy protection - Copy protection specific to old games, Copy protection - Copy protection for videotape, Copy protection - Copy protection for audio CDs, Copy protection - Sony CD copy protection controversy, Copy protection - Copy protection in recent digital media

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From a technical standpoint, it would seem theoretically impossible to completely prevent users from making copies of the media they purchase, as long as a "writer" is available that can write to blank media. The basic technical fact is that all types of media require a "player"—a CD player, DVD player, videotape player, computer, or video game console, to give five examples. The player has to be able to read the media in order to display it to a human. In turn, then, logically, a player could be built that first reads the media, and then writes out an exact copy of what was read, to the same type of media, or perh ...

See also:

Copy protection, Copy protection - Note on terminology, Copy protection - Business rationale, Copy protection - Technical challenges, Copy protection - Copy protection on older media, Copy protection - Copy protection for computer software, Copy protection - Case study: Steam, Copy protection - Copy protection specific to old games, Copy protection - Copy protection for videotape, Copy protection - Copy protection for audio CDs, Copy protection - Sony CD copy protection controversy, Copy protection - Copy protection in recent digital media

Read more here: » Copy protection: Encyclopedia II - Copy protection - Technical challenges

Starting in 2000, music publishers started to sell some CDs with various copy protection schemes. Most of these are playback restrictions that aim to make the CD unusable in devices that can also be conveniently used for duplicating (e.g., CD-ROM drives in computers), leaving only dedicated audio CD players for playback. This does not, however, prevent such a CD from being copied via analogue connections, ...

See also:

Copy protection, Copy protection - Note on terminology, Copy protection - Business rationale, Copy protection - Technical challenges, Copy protection - Copy protection on older media, Copy protection - Copy protection for computer software, Copy protection - Case study: Steam, Copy protection - Copy protection specific to old games, Copy protection - Copy protection for videotape, Copy protection - Copy protection for audio CDs, Copy protection - Copy protection in recent digital media

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The version of this software used in Sony CDs is the one marketed as "XCP-Aurora". The first time a user attempts to play such a CD on a Windows system, a program will be installed after a dialog box prompts the user to agree to a license agreement. It will then remain resident in the user's system, intercepting all accesses of the CD drive to prevent any media player or ripper software other than the one included with XCP-Aurora from accessing the music tracks of the Sony CD. The software alters registry settings to cause the Windows CD driver to not operate, making the CD drive unusable, i ...

See also:

Extended Copy Protection, Extended Copy Protection - Description, Extended Copy Protection - Security research, Extended Copy Protection - Antivirus industry response, Extended Copy Protection - Impact of XCP, Extended Copy Protection - XCP Flaw, Extended Copy Protection - Legal concerns, Extended Copy Protection - Sony's response, Extended Copy Protection - Albums with XCP

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Merv Pepler and Joie Hinton met as drummer and keyboard player (respectively) for the Ozric Tentacles, a long-standing psychedelic "space-rock" band from Somerset. Although the Ozric Tentacles incorporated elements of electronic music, Pepler and Hinton were drawn towards the rave-oriented dance music. Merv explained: "There we were in Ozrics doing all this technically impressive, weird music with mad timings, and getting really involved with it, and this experiment that became Eat Static was a good excuse to ignore all that, get the synths ...

See also:

Eat Static, Eat Static - History, Eat Static - Musicology, Eat Static - Discography, Eat Static - CD, Eat Static - Other projects

Read more here: » Eat Static: Encyclopedia II - Eat Static - History

Disc At Once or DAO for CD-R media is a mode that masters the disc contents in one pass, rather than a track at a time as in Track At Once. DAO mode, unlike TAO mode, allows any amount of audio data (or no data at all) to be written in the "pre-gaps" between tracks. One use of this technique, for example, is to burn track introductions to be played before each track starts. A CD player will generally display a negative time offset counting up to the next track when such pre-gap introductions play. Pre-gap audio before th ...

See also:

Optical disc recording modes, Optical disc recording modes - CD Disc At Once, Optical disc recording modes - CD Track At Once, Optical disc recording modes - DVD-R Disc At Once

Read more here: » Optical disc recording modes: Encyclopedia II - Optical disc recording modes - CD Disc At Once

FairPlay will allow a protected track to be used in the following ways: The protected track may be copied to any number of iPod portable music players. The protected track may be played on up to five (originally three) authorized computers simultaneously. The protected track may be copied to a standard CD audio track any number of times. The resulting CD has no DRM and may be ripped, encoded and distributed like any other CD. However, as the CD audio still bears the artifacts of compression, converting ...

See also:

FairPlay, FairPlay - Restrictions, FairPlay - How it works, FairPlay - Harmony, FairPlay - DeDRMS PlayFair and Hymn

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The game features a point and click interface. The player clicks on various elements on a scene to trigger events. To move between scenes and rooms, the player clicks on doors or near the edge of the screen. The game begins when the player clicks on the animated spaceship hovering in front of the title screen, revealing an opening door on the side of the ship. Clicking the door makes the player enter the ship. While ...

See also:

Cosmic Osmo, Cosmic Osmo - Game Mechanics, Cosmic Osmo - Goals and Artistic Design, Cosmic Osmo - Music and Sound, Cosmic Osmo - Development, Cosmic Osmo - System requirements CD-ROM Version

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The Red Book audio specification does not include any copy protection mechanism. Ripping is the process by which the contents of an audio disc is copied out verbatim to a duplicate disc or re-encoded into some other format, such as MP3. An error-correcting code is included with Red Book audio to deal with small scratches or defects on the disc media. Where error correction fails on larger defects, audio CD players are expected to apply interpolati ...

See also:

Compact disc, Compact disc - History, Compact disc - Physical details, Compact disc - Audio format, Compact disc - Storage capacity, Compact disc - Data structure, Compact disc - Subcode, Compact disc - CD-Text, Compact disc - The AAD ADD DDD code for audio CDs, Compact disc - CD-ROM, Compact disc - Recordability, Compact disc - Copy protection, Compact disc - Non-standard CD behaviors, Compact disc - Name

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The Red Book audio specification does not include any copy protection mechanism. Ripping is the process by which the contents of an audio disc is copied out verbatim to a duplicate disc or re-encoded into some other format, such as MP3 or Ogg Vorbis. An error-correcting code is included with Red Book audio to deal with small scratches or defects on the disc media. Where error correction fails on larger defects, audio CD players are expected to apply interpolati ...

See also:

Compact disc, Compact disc - History, Compact disc - Physical details, Compact disc - Manufacturing Process, Compact disc - Audio format, Compact disc - Storage capacity, Compact disc - Data structure, Compact disc - Subcode, Compact disc - CD-Text, Compact disc - The SPARS Code for audio CDs, Compact disc - Three-Letter Codes, Compact disc - CD-ROM, Compact disc - Recordability, Compact disc - Copy protection, Compact disc - Non-standard CD behaviors, Compact disc - Name

Read more here: » Compact disc: Encyclopedia II - Compact disc - Copy protection

From a technical standpoint, it would seem theoretically impossible to completely prevent users from making copies of the media they purchase, as long as a "writer" is available that can write to blank media. The basic technical fact is that all types of media require a "player"—a CD player, DVD player, videotape player, computer, or video game console, to give five examples. The player has to be able to read the media in order to display it to a human. In turn, then, logically, a player could be built that first reads the media, and then writes out an exact copy of what was read, to the same type of media, or perh ...

See also:

Copy protection, Copy protection - Note on terminology, Copy protection - Business rationale, Copy protection - Technical challenges, Copy protection - Copy protection on older media, Copy protection - Copy protection for computer software, Copy protection - Case study: Steam, Copy protection - Copy protection specific to old games, Copy protection - Copy protection for videotape, Copy protection - Copy protection for audio CDs, Copy protection - Copy protection in recent digital media

Read more here: » Copy protection: Encyclopedia II - Copy protection - Technical challenges

S/PDIF is primarily used with CD players (and DVD players playing CDs), and it has become common on other audio components like MiniDiscs and modern computer audio cards. It is also popular in car audio, where the former mess of wiring can be replaced with a single fiber optic cable, which is immune to electrical noise. Another common use for the S/PDIF interface is to carry compressed digital audio as defined by the standard IEC 61937. This mode is used to connect the output of a DVD player to a home theater receiver that suppor ...

See also:

S/PDIF, S/PDIF - Applications, S/PDIF - Hardware specifications, S/PDIF - Protocol specifications, S/PDIF - The channel status bit in the S/P-DIF, S/PDIF - Other information

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Audiophiles regularly listen to music from compact discs (CDs), records, and frequency-modulation (FM) radio. Currently, CDs are the most common source of high-quality music, and thus the CD player will serve as the primary source component. A small minority of people, however, still buy and use records: turntables, tonearms, and cartridges are among the most exotic and lavish high-end audio products. The debate is particularly harsh in this area with analog proponents claiming a warmer analog sound and loss of information in the sampling pr ...

See also:

Audiophile, Audiophile - Core values, Audiophile - Consumer practices, Audiophile - Professional practices, Audiophile - Current trends, Audiophile - Objective versus subjective, Audiophile - Objectivists' criticisms of subjectivism in audio, Audiophile - Subjectivists' criticisms of objectivism in audio

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The biggest competition to DualDisc is the hybrid Super Audio CD (SACD), which was developed by Sony. DualDiscs and hybrid SACDs are competing solutions to the problem of providing higher-resolution audio on a disc that can still be played on conventional CD players. DualDiscs take the approach of using a double-sided disc to provide the necessary backwards compatibility; hybrid SACDs are a one-sided solution that instead use two layers: a convention ...

See also:

DualDisc, DualDisc - Technical details, DualDisc - Hopes for DualDisc, DualDisc - Costs versus conventional CDs, DualDisc - Common DVD content, DualDisc - Audio types, DualDisc - Competition, DualDisc - Criticisms, DualDisc - Consumer complaints, DualDisc - Manufacturer warnings, DualDisc - Legal controversy, DualDisc - DualDisc releases, DualDisc - Test releases, DualDisc - Notes

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Digital-to-analog converter - Audio. Most modern audio signals are stored in digital form (for example MP3s and CDs) and in order to be heard through speakers they must be converted into an analog signal. DACs are therefore found in CD players, digital music players, and PC sound cards. Digital-to-analog converter - Video. Video signals from a digital source, such as a computer, must be converted to analog form if they are to be displayed on an analog monitor. As of 2003, analo ...

See also:

Digital-to-analog converter, Digital-to-analog converter - Applications, Digital-to-analog converter - Audio, Digital-to-analog converter - Video, Digital-to-analog converter - DAC types, Digital-to-analog converter - DAC performance, Digital-to-analog converter - DAC Figures of Merit, Digital-to-analog converter - Links and books

Read more here: » Digital-to-analog converter: Encyclopedia II - Digital-to-analog converter - Applications