Catiline

Lucius Sergius Catilina (108 BC?–62 BC), known in English as Catiline, was a Roman politician of the 1st century BC who is best known for the Catiline (or Catilinarian) conspiracy, an attempt to overthrow the Roman Republic, and in particular the power of the aristocratic Senate. One of the most enigmatic figures of Roman history, Catiline has been obscured by the invective of historians. The two chief sources for information on Catiline possessed numerous reasons to depict him in the worst possibl ...

Including:

• Catiline - Life
• Catiline - Family background
• Catiline - Military Career
• Catiline - The First Catilinarian Conspiracy
• Catiline - The Intervening Years
• Catiline - The Second Catilinarian Conspiracy
• Catiline - Sources

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Catiline - Family background. Catiline was born in 108 BC (or possibly slightly earlier) to a family of declining social and financial fortunes. Although his family was of consular heritage, the last Sergius to be a consul was Gnaeus Sergius Fidenas Coxo in 380 BC. Furthermore, he would later be driven by attempting to restore the political heritage of his family along with its financial state. C ...

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Catiline, Catiline - Life, Catiline - Family background, Catiline - Military Career, Catiline - The First Catilinarian Conspiracy, Catiline - The Intervening Years, Catiline - The Second Catilinarian Conspiracy, Catiline - Sources

Read more here: » Catiline: Encyclopedia II - Catiline - Life

The Augustan History (Lat. Historia Augusta) is a collection of biographies of Roman Emperors and usurpers during the period 117 to 284. Although it is supposedly an assemblage of works by six different writers (collectively known as the Scriptores Historiae Augustae), there is considerable doubt concerning not only the authorship of the work, but also when it was written and how much of the content is fictitious. Even so, it is the only continuous ac ...

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The latter half of the first century BCE witnessed the close of the Republican era. Cicero was idealistic regarding his aspirations for the continuation of the Republic. He was a practical statesman however his career was marked by inconstancies and policy shifts to suit the changing political climate he remained the Republic’s genuine champion. This is not surprising though for a politician in turbulent times. This inconsistency was a constant theme throughout his life, as he often equated “his own problems with the ills of the republic ...

Including:

• Cicero and the Roman Republic - Cicero's Background and its Political Effects
• Cicero and the Roman Republic - Cicero's Vision
• Cicero and the Roman Republic - Problems in Rome
• Cicero and the Roman Republic - Political Instability
• Cicero and the Roman Republic - Economic Factors
• Cicero and the Roman Republic - Rome's Political Structure and its effects
• Cicero and the Roman Republic - The Civil War
• Cicero and the Roman Republic - The Effects of the Civil War and Cicero
• Cicero and the Roman Republic - The Philipics
• Cicero and the Roman Republic - A Summation of Cicero's Relationship with the Republic

Read more here: » Cicero and the Roman Republic: Encyclopedia - Cicero and the Roman Republic

Marcus Licinius Crassus Dives (Latin: M·LICINIVS·P·F·P·N·CRASSVS·DIVES¹) (ca. 115 BC–53 BC) was a Roman general and politician who suppressed the slave revolt led by Spartacus and entered into a secret pact, known as the First Triumvirate, with Pompey the Great and Julius Caesar. He was known as one of the richest men of the era (Dives is Latin for "rich") and was killed after a defeat at Carrhae. Of the three informal triumvirs who helped bring an end to the Roman Republic, somehow Crassus, unli ...

Including:

• Marcus Licinius Crassus - Early Life
• Marcus Licinius Crassus - The Revolt of Spartacus
• Marcus Licinius Crassus - Consulship and the First Triumvirate
• Marcus Licinius Crassus - Disaster in Parthia
• Marcus Licinius Crassus - Legacy
• Marcus Licinius Crassus - Chronology
• Marcus Licinius Crassus - Derivatives
• Marcus Licinius Crassus - Notes

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62 BC - Events. January - The forces of the conspirator Catiline are defeated by the loyal Roman armies under Gaius Antonius in the Battle of Pistoria. Julius Caesar divorced Pompeia, following the sacrilege of Clodius. 62 BC - Births. Prince Ptolemy of Egypt, later Pharaoh Ptolemy XIII of Egypt (or 61 BC). 62 BC - Deaths. Lucius Sergius Catilina, Roman statesman Category ...

Including:

• 62 BC - Events
• 62 BC - Births
• 62 BC - Deaths

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Marcus Tullius Cicero (standard English pronunciation [ˈsɪsərəʊ]; Classical Latin pronunciation [ˈkikero]) (January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC) was an orator and statesman of Ancient Rome, and is generally considered the greatest Latin orator and prose stylist. Cicero - Biography. Cicero was born in Arpinum and killed at Formia while fleeing from political enemies. "It is no exaggeration", ...

Including:

• Cicero - Biography
• Cicero - Early life
• Cicero - Consul
• Cicero - Exile and return
• Cicero - Opposition to Mark Antony and death
• Cicero - Works
• Cicero - Speeches
• Cicero - Philosophy
• Cicero - Letters
• Cicero - Sources
• Cicero - Notes

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63 BC - Events. Roman conquest of Judea; the province of Iudaea is formed. King Judah Aristobulus II removed from power, while his brother John Hyrcanus II becomes king under Roman suzereinty. Julius Caesar elected Pontifex Maximus. Marcus Tullius Cicero is senior consul. Cato the younger is tribune of the people. Catiline's conspiracy against the Roman Republic. 63 BC - Births. September 23 - Augustus Octavius Caesar, firs ...

Including:

• 63 BC - Events
• 63 BC - Births
• 63 BC - Deaths

Read more here: » 63 BC: Encyclopedia - 63 BC

66 BC - Events. Roman Republic Consuls: Manius Aemilius Lepidus and Lucius Volcacius Tullus Catiline accused of conspiring against the Roman Republic with Autronius and the younger Sulla. The alliance between Mithridates VI of Pontus and Tigranes II of Armenia is broken. Battle of the Lycus - Pompey the Great decisively defeats Mithridates VI, effectively ending the Third Mithridatic War. Gaius Antonius elected Roman Praetor < ...

Including:

• 66 BC - Events
• 66 BC - Births
• 66 BC - Deaths

Read more here: » 66 BC: Encyclopedia - 66 BC

Classical Latin is the form of the Latin language used by the ancient Romans in what is usually regarded as "classical" Latin literature. Its use spanned the Golden Age of Latin literature—broadly the 1st century BC and the early 1st century AD—possibly extending to the Silver Age—broadly the 1st and 2nd centuries. What is now called "Classical Latin" was, in fact, a highly stylized and polished written literary language selectively constructed from early Latin, of which far fewer remains. Classical Latin is the product o ...

Including:

• Classical Latin - Golden Age Latin
• Classical Latin - Poetry
• Classical Latin - Prose
• Classical Latin - Silver Age Latin
• Classical Latin - Stylistic shifts

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Initially, the Assembly announced (and for the most part probably believed) itself to be operating in the interests of King Louis XVI as well as those of the people. In theory, royal authority still prevailed and the process of adopting new laws continued to require the king's consent. Events had now bypassed finance minister Jacques Necker's previous plan of conciliation—a complex scheme of giving in to the Communes on some points while holding firm on others. No longer interested in Necker's advice, Louis XVI, under the inf ...

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National Assembly French Revolution, National Assembly French Revolution - Background, National Assembly French Revolution - Proceedings, National Assembly French Revolution - Louis XVI resists, National Assembly French Revolution - Reconstitution

Read more here: » National Assembly French Revolution: Encyclopedia II - National Assembly French Revolution - Louis XVI resists

In 54 BC, Antony became a member of the staff of Caesar's armies in Gaul. He again proved to be a competent military leader in the Gallic wars, but his personality caused instability wherever he went. Caesar himself was said to be frequently irritated by his behaviour. Nevertheless, raised by Caesar's influence to the offices of quaestor, augur, and tribune of the plebs (50 BC), he supported the cause of his patron with great energy. Caesar's two proconsular commands, during a period of ten years, were expiring, and the general wanted ...

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Mark Antony, Mark Antony - Early life, Mark Antony - Supporter of Caesar, Mark Antony - The second triumvirate, Mark Antony - Antony and Cleopatra, Mark Antony - Aftermath and Legacy, Mark Antony - Antony's marriages and descendants, Mark Antony - Chronology, Mark Antony - Notes

Read more here: » Mark Antony: Encyclopedia II - Mark Antony - Supporter of Caesar

Pistoia always had a bad reputation; Dante mentioned Pistoia as the home town of Vanni Fucci, who is encountered in Inferno tangled up in a knot of snakes while cursing God, and Michelangelo called the Pistoiese the "enemies of heaven". Pistoia lent its name to the pistol, which it started manufacturing in the 16th century. But today it is also notable for the extensive garden nurseries spreading around it. Although it's not as visited as other towns in Tuscany, and the industrial environs discourage, Pistoia presents a ...

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Pistoia, Pistoia - History, Pistoia - Landmarks, Pistoia - Notable people born in Pistoia

Read more here: » Pistoia: Encyclopedia II - Pistoia - Landmarks

Like Yoda, many details regarding Palpatine's past have not been revealed, making him an enigmatic character. [1] Few details of Palpatine's early life are known, although Palpatine was born on the eleventh day of the eighth standard month, in the year 82 BBY, apparently in the capital city, Theed of the obscure Mid-Rim world of Naboo in the Chommell sector. [2] [3]See also:

Palpatine, Palpatine - Biography, Palpatine - Abilities, Palpatine - Major themes and influences, Palpatine - Historical, Palpatine - Literary, Palpatine - Palpatine's name, Palpatine - The debate over Palpatine's appearance, Palpatine - Palpatine's influence on culture, Palpatine - Commentaries, Palpatine - Styles of address

Read more here: » Palpatine: Encyclopedia II - Palpatine - Biography

His account of the Catiline conspiracy (De coniuratione Catilinae or Bellum Catilinae) and of the Jugurthine War (Bellum Jugurthinum) have come down to us complete, together with fragments of his larger and most important work (Historiae), a history of Rome from 78-67 BC, intended as a continuation of Cornelius Sisenna's work. Sallust - The Conspiracy of Catiline. The Conspiracy of Catiline (his first published work) contains the history of the memorable year 63. Sallust ...

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Sallust, Sallust - His life, Sallust - His works, Sallust - The Conspiracy of Catiline, Sallust - Jugurthine War, Sallust - Other works, Sallust - His significance

Read more here: » Sallust: Encyclopedia II - Sallust - His works

Cicero was born in Arpinum and killed at Formia while fleeing from political enemies. "It is no exaggeration", wrote Taylor (as cited in "References"), "to say that the most brilliant era of Roman public life was ushered in by Cicero and closed by his death—he stood at its cradle and he followed its hearse." His family, the Tullii, were one of the landed gentry in Arpinum and resented the fame and fortunes of the other great Arpinate families, the Marii. Throughout his life, the conservative Cicero loathed being compared to the then more f ...

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Cicero, Cicero - Biography, Cicero - Early life, Cicero - Consul, Cicero - Exile and return, Cicero - Opposition to Mark Antony and death, Cicero - Works, Cicero - Speeches, Cicero - Philosophy, Cicero - Letters, Cicero - Sources, Cicero - Notes

Read more here: » Cicero: Encyclopedia II - Cicero - Biography

Marcus Licinius Crassus was the son of a former consul and censor, Publius Licinius Crassus Dives. He came from a respectable, well-established plebeian family. His father fought in the Social War under Lucius Julius Caesar III, grandfather of Mark Antony. Though his father had celebrated a triumph, Crassus grew up in a small house that was not only home to himself and his parents, but also to his two elder brothers and their families. Although originally a supporter of Gaius Marius and his Populares party, Crassus's father fought aga ...

See also:

Marcus Licinius Crassus, Marcus Licinius Crassus - Early Life, Marcus Licinius Crassus - The Revolt of Spartacus, Marcus Licinius Crassus - Consulship and the First Triumvirate, Marcus Licinius Crassus - Disaster in Parthia, Marcus Licinius Crassus - Legacy, Marcus Licinius Crassus - Chronology, Marcus Licinius Crassus - Derivatives, Marcus Licinius Crassus - Notes

Read more here: » Marcus Licinius Crassus: Encyclopedia II - Marcus Licinius Crassus - Early Life

Allobroges were famous for their warriors, wealth and import of wheat. They controlled most of the Rhone river valley and various important mountain passes to Italy, e.g. Via Agrippa. In 123 BC Allobroges gave shelter to king Tuto-Motulus of the Salluvii tribe Rome had conquered and refused to hand him over. Rome declared war and moved against them. In August 8, 121 BC legions of Quintus Fabius Maximus defeated them and forced them to submit; Maximus earned a moniker Allobrogicus for this feat. In 63 BC, when Catiline in ...

See also:

Allobroges, Allobroges - Relations with Romans, Allobroges - Religion, Allobroges - Reference

Read more here: » Allobroges: Encyclopedia II - Allobroges - Relations with Romans

Cicero's links with the Equestrian class, combined with his status as a novos homo meant that he was isolated from the optimates. Thus, it is not surprising that Cicero envisioned a “selfless nobility of successful individuals” instead of the current system dominated by the Patricians. The fact remains that those who sat in the Senate had appropriated huge profits by exploiting the provinces. Repeatedly, the oligarchy had proved to be shortsighted, reactionary and “operating with restricted and outmoded institutions could no longer cop ...

See also:

Cicero and the Roman Republic, Cicero and the Roman Republic - Cicero's Background and its Political Effects, Cicero and the Roman Republic - Cicero's Vision, Cicero and the Roman Republic - Problems in Rome, Cicero and the Roman Republic - Political Instability, Cicero and the Roman Republic - Economic Factors, Cicero and the Roman Republic - Rome's Political Structure and its effects, Cicero and the Roman Republic - The Civil War, Cicero and the Roman Republic - The Effects of the Civil War and Cicero, Cicero and the Roman Republic - The Philipics, Cicero and the Roman Republic - A Summation of Cicero's Relationship with the Republic

Read more here: » Cicero and the Roman Republic: Encyclopedia II - Cicero and the Roman Republic - Rome's Political Structure and its effects

The "Golden Age" of Latin, Latinitas aurea in Latin, is a period consisting roughly of the time from 75 BC to AD 14, spanning the end of the Roman Republic and the reign of Augustus. Many Classicists believe that this period represents the peak of Latin literature, and that its usage of Classical Latin represents the ideal norm which other writers should follow. Classical Latin - Poetry. The earliest poet considered to be writing in the Golden Age is the Epicurean philosopher Lucretius, who wrote a ...

See also:

Classical Latin, Classical Latin - Golden Age Latin, Classical Latin - Poetry, Classical Latin - Prose, Classical Latin - Silver Age Latin, Classical Latin - Stylistic shifts

Read more here: » Classical Latin: Encyclopedia II - Classical Latin - Golden Age Latin