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| | |  categorical imperative - the first formulation: Encyclopedia II - Categorical imperative - The first formulationFrom this step, Kant concludes that a moral proposition that is true must be one that is not tied to any particular conditions, including the identity of the person doing the moral deliberation. One could not morally command others by saying "It is wrong for you to murder, but it is not wrong for me to murder" because that would be a hypothetical imperative: Effectively saying "If I am person A, murder is right; If I am person B, murder is wrong". Therefore, a moral commandment must have universality, which is to say that it must be d ...
See also:Categorical imperative, Categorical imperative - Nature of the concept, Categorical imperative - Freedom and autonomy, Categorical imperative - Good Will duty and the categorical imperative, Categorical imperative - The first formulation, Categorical imperative - Perfect duty, Categorical imperative - Imperfect duty, Categorical imperative - The second formulation, Categorical imperative - The third formulation, Categorical imperative - Criticism Read more here: » Categorical imperative: Encyclopedia II - Categorical imperative - The first formulation |
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| | | | categorical imperative - the first formulation: Encyclopedia II - Categorical imperative - The second formulation All rational action must set before itself not only a principle, but also an end. Most ends are of a subjective kind, because they need only be pursued if they are in line with some particular hypothetical imperative that a person may choose to adopt. For an end to be objective, it would be categorically necessary that we pursue it.
The free will is the source of all rational action. But to treat it as a subjective end is to deny the possibility of freedom in general. Because the autonomous will is the one and only source of moral act ...
See also:Categorical imperative, Categorical imperative - Nature of the concept, Categorical imperative - Freedom and autonomy, Categorical imperative - Good Will, duty, and the categorical imperative, Categorical imperative - The first formulation, Categorical imperative - Perfect duty, Categorical imperative - Imperfect duty, Categorical imperative - The second formulation, Categorical imperative - The third formulation, Categorical imperative - Criticism Read more here: » Categorical imperative: Encyclopedia II - Categorical imperative - The second formulation |
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| | | | categorical imperative - the first formulation: Encyclopedia II - Categorical imperative - The first formulation From this step, Kant concludes that a moral proposition that is true must be one that is not tied to any particular conditions, including the identity of the person doing the moral deliberation. One could not morally command others by saying "It is wrong for you to murder, but it is not wrong for me to murder" because that would be a hypothetical imperative: Effectively saying "If I am person A, murder is right; If I am person B, murder is wrong". Therefore, a moral commandment must have universality, which is to say that it must be d ...
See also:Categorical imperative, Categorical imperative - Nature of the concept, Categorical imperative - Freedom and autonomy, Categorical imperative - Good Will, duty, and the categorical imperative, Categorical imperative - The first formulation, Categorical imperative - Perfect duty, Categorical imperative - Imperfect duty, Categorical imperative - The second formulation, Categorical imperative - The third formulation, Categorical imperative - Criticism Read more here: » Categorical imperative: Encyclopedia II - Categorical imperative - The first formulation |
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| | | | categorical imperative - the first formulation: Encyclopedia II - Categorical imperative - Nature of the concept The nature of a moral proposition ("It is wrong to commit murder") must necessarily mean that a particular act or kind of act ought not be carried out under any circumstance ("One ought not commit murder"). This is the central point of his meta-ethical theory that establishes Kant as an extreme moral objectivist. A categorical imperative is the one and only basis for all moral statements, because a hypothetical imperative would depend on the subjective desires of the rational actors, rendering it powerless to compel moral action.
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See also:Categorical imperative, Categorical imperative - Nature of the concept, Categorical imperative - Freedom and autonomy, Categorical imperative - Good Will, duty, and the categorical imperative, Categorical imperative - The first formulation, Categorical imperative - Perfect duty, Categorical imperative - Imperfect duty, Categorical imperative - The second formulation, Categorical imperative - The third formulation, Categorical imperative - Criticism Read more here: » Categorical imperative: Encyclopedia II - Categorical imperative - Nature of the concept |
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| | | | categorical imperative - the first formulation: Encyclopedia II - Categorical imperative - The third formulation Because a truly autonomous will would not be subject to any particular interest, it would only be subject to those laws which it makes for itself. But it must also regard those laws as if they would be binding to others, or they would not be universalizable, and hence they would not be laws of conduct at all. Thus Kant presents the notion of the hypothetical Kingdom of Ends of which he suggests all persons should consider themselves both members and heads.
"So act as though you were throu ...
See also:Categorical imperative, Categorical imperative - Nature of the concept, Categorical imperative - Freedom and autonomy, Categorical imperative - Good Will, duty, and the categorical imperative, Categorical imperative - The first formulation, Categorical imperative - Perfect duty, Categorical imperative - Imperfect duty, Categorical imperative - The second formulation, Categorical imperative - The third formulation, Categorical imperative - Criticism Read more here: » Categorical imperative: Encyclopedia II - Categorical imperative - The third formulation |
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| | | | categorical imperative - the first formulation: Encyclopedia II - Categorical imperative - Criticism The Deontological ethics article contains normative criticisms of the categorical imperative. Most criticisms are of that type.
An objection based on the coherence of Kant's position has been stated by Onora O'Neill (1993):
"This [most central] objection is that Kant's basic framework is incoherent. His account of human knowledge leads to a conception of human beings as parts of nature, whose desires, inclinations and actions are susceptible of ordinary causal explanation. Yet his account of human freedom demands that we ...
See also:Categorical imperative, Categorical imperative - Nature of the concept, Categorical imperative - Freedom and autonomy, Categorical imperative - Good Will, duty, and the categorical imperative, Categorical imperative - The first formulation, Categorical imperative - Perfect duty, Categorical imperative - Imperfect duty, Categorical imperative - The second formulation, Categorical imperative - The third formulation, Categorical imperative - Criticism Read more here: » Categorical imperative: Encyclopedia II - Categorical imperative - Criticism |
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| | | | categorical imperative - the first formulation: Encyclopedia II - Immanuel Kant - Kant's moral philosophy Kant developed his moral philosophy in three works: Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals [1] (1785), Critique of Practical Reason [2] (1788), and Metaphysics of Morals [3] (1798).
Kant is known for his theory that there is a single moral obligation, which he called the Categorical Imperative, from which all other moral obligations are generated. He believed that the moral law is a principle of reason itself, and is not based on contingent facts about the world, such as what would make us happy. Accordingly, he believed that ...
See also:Immanuel Kant, Immanuel Kant - Kant and his philosophy, Immanuel Kant - Biography, Immanuel Kant - Kant's moral philosophy, Immanuel Kant - Example of the first formulation:, Immanuel Kant - Example of the second formulation:, Immanuel Kant - Criticisms of Kant's Ethics, Immanuel Kant - Influence, Immanuel Kant - Tomb, Immanuel Kant - Works and links to texts in English and German, Immanuel Kant - Quotes, Immanuel Kant - References and further reading, Immanuel Kant - General introductions to Kant's thought, Immanuel Kant - Biography and historical context, Immanuel Kant - Collections of essays, Immanuel Kant - On Kant's theoretical philosophy, Immanuel Kant - On Kant's practical philosophy, Immanuel Kant - On Kant's aesthetics, Immanuel Kant - Other work on Kant, Immanuel Kant - Contemporary philosophy with a Kantian influence Read more here: » Immanuel Kant: Encyclopedia II - Immanuel Kant - Kant's moral philosophy |
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| | | | categorical imperative - the first formulation: Encyclopedia II - R. M. Hare - Universal prescriptivism In a series of books, especially The Language of Morals, Freedom and Reason, and Moral Thinking, Hare gave shape to a theory that he called universal prescriptivism. According to this, moral terms such as 'good', 'ought' and 'right' have two logical or semantic properties: universalizability and prescriptivity. By the former, he meant that moral judgments must identify the situation they describe according to a finite set of universal terms, excluding proper names, but not definite descriptions. By the latter, he meant m ...
See also:R. M. Hare, R. M. Hare - Biography, R. M. Hare - Influences, R. M. Hare - Universal prescriptivism, R. M. Hare - Example, R. M. Hare - Importance of specificity, R. M. Hare - Relativism, R. M. Hare - Hare in applied ethics Read more here: » R. M. Hare: Encyclopedia II - R. M. Hare - Universal prescriptivism |
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| | | | categorical imperative - the first formulation: Encyclopedia II - Ethics - Applied ethics
Main articles: applied ethics, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]]See also:Ethics, Ethics - The first social science, Ethics - Meta-ethics, Ethics - Normative ethics, Ethics - Applied ethics, Ethics - Ethics in religion, Ethics - Ethics in health care, Ethics - Ethics in politics, Ethics - Ethics by cases, Ethics - Descriptive ethics, Ethics - The analytic view Read more here: » Ethics: Encyclopedia II - Ethics - Applied ethics |
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| | | | categorical imperative - the first formulation: Encyclopedia II - Goodness and value theory - Theories of the good A correct definition of goodness would be valuable because it might allow one to construct a good life or society by reliable processes of deduction, elaboration or prioritisation. One could answer the ancient question, "How then should we live?", among many other important questions.
Goodness and value theory - Goodness as an objective property.
One attempt to define goodness describes it as a property of the world. According to this perspective, to talk about a good is to talk about something with ...
See also:Goodness and value theory, Goodness and value theory - Descriptive Meta-Ethical and Normative fields, Goodness and value theory - Types of the good, Goodness and value theory - Moral natural and economic goods, Goodness and value theory - Intrinsic and instrumental goods, Goodness and value theory - Contributory intrinsic and inherent goods, Goodness and value theory - Kant: hypothetical and categorical goods, Goodness and value theory - Meta-ethical foundations, Goodness and value theory - Moral Cognitivism, Goodness and value theory - Non-cognitivism, Goodness and value theory - Quasi-Absolutism, Goodness and value theory - Moral Nihilism, Goodness and value theory - Theories of the good, Goodness and value theory - Goodness as an objective property, Goodness and value theory - Goodness as subjective/evaluative, Goodness and value theory - Choice optimization theory, Goodness and value theory - Conceptual metaphor theorists, Goodness and value theory - Objects of the good, Goodness and value theory - The value of plenty and scarcity, Goodness and value theory - The value of fairness, Goodness and value theory - The value of labor, Goodness and value theory - The value of the old and the new, Goodness and value theory - Meta-Ethics and Inherent values, Goodness and value theory - Values pluralism and the grading of values, Goodness and value theory - Values monism and alternatives to hedonism, Goodness and value theory - Skeptical worries Read more here: » Goodness and value theory: Encyclopedia II - Goodness and value theory - Theories of the good |
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