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Catalytic converter

A Wisdom Archive on Catalytic converter

Catalytic converter

A selection of articles related to Catalytic converter

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Catalytic converter, Catalytic converter - Catalyst Poisoning, Catalytic converter - Patents, Catalytic converter - Purpose and function of catalytic converters, Catalytic converter - Regulations, Catalytic converter - Technical details, Automobile emissions control, DPF, SCR, NOx Traps

ARTICLES RELATED TO Catalytic converter

Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia - Catalytic converter

A catalytic converter is a device used to reduce the emissions from an internal combustion engine. Most commonly used in an automobile's exhaust system, catalytic converters are now commonly used on generator sets, forklifts, mining equipment, trucks, buses, trains, and other machines that have engines to provide an environment for a chemical reaction where unburned hydrocarbons are more completely combusted. Automobile converters use platinum or palladium and rhodium as catalysts. Hence the combustion (redox) process continues, but o ...

Including:

Read more here: » Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia - Catalytic converter

Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Catalytic converter - Technical details
The catalytic converter consists of several components: The core, catalyst support, or substrate. In modern catalytic converters this is most often a ceramic honeycomb, however stainless steel foil honeycombs are also used. The purpose of the core is to "support the catalyst", and therefore it is often called a "Catalyst Support". The washcoat. In an effort to make converters more efficient a washcoat is utilized, most often a mixture of silicon and aluminum. The washcoat when added to the core forms a rough, irregular ...

See also:

Catalytic converter, Catalytic converter - Purpose and function of catalytic converters, Catalytic converter - Catalyst Poisoning, Catalytic converter - Technical details, Catalytic converter - Regulations, Catalytic converter - Patents

Read more here: » Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Catalytic converter - Technical details

Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Catalytic converter - Technical details

The catalytic converter consists of several components: The core, catalyst support, or substrate. In modern catalytic converters this is most often a ceramic honeycomb, however stainless steel foil honeycombs are also used. The purpose of the core is to "support the catalyst", and therefore it is often called a "Catalyst Support". The washcoat. In an effort to make converters more efficient a washcoat is utilized, most often a mixture of silicon and aluminum. The washcoat when added to the core forms a rough, irregular ...

See also:

Catalytic converter, Catalytic converter - Purpose and function of catalytic converters, Catalytic converter - Catalyst Poisoning, Catalytic converter - Technical details, Catalytic converter - Oxygen Storage, Catalytic converter - Regulations, Catalytic converter - Patents

Read more here: » Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Catalytic converter - Technical details

Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Catalyst - Types of catalysts

Catalysts can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. Heterogeneous catalysts are present in different phases from the reactants (e.g. a solid catalyst in a liquid reaction mixture), whereas homogenous catalysts are in the same phase (e.g. a dissolved catalyst in a liquid reaction mixture). A simple model for heterogeneous catalysis involves the catalyst providing a surface on which the reactants (or substrates) temporarily become adsorbed. Bonds in the substrate become weakened sufficiently for new to be created. The bonds between the products and the cat ...

See also:

Catalyst, Catalyst - Catalysts and reaction energetics, Catalyst - Types of catalysts, Catalyst - Poisoning a Catalyst, Catalyst - Commonly used catalysts

Read more here: » Catalyst: Encyclopedia II - Catalyst - Types of catalysts

Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia - Catalyst

A catalyst (Greek: καταλύτης, catalytēs) is a substance that accelerates the rate (speed) of a chemical reaction (see also catalysis). Chemical catalysts, the focus of this article, participate in reactions but are neither chemical reactants nor chemical products. More generally, one may sometimes call anything which accelerates a reaction without itself being consumed or transformed a catalyst (for example, a "catalyst for political change"). Catalyst - Catalysts and reaction energetics. C ...

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Read more here: » Catalyst: Encyclopedia - Catalyst

Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Selective catalytic reduction - Reductants

There is considerable discussion about which reductant is best. While Ammonia offers slightly better performance, it is poisonous, and a difficult substance to handle safely. Urea is safer to handle, however not quite as effective, however to date Urea has been a more popular choice for engine manufacturers. In both cases the reductant must be extremely pure - if it isn't the impurities can clog the catalyst. Typically SCR catalysts require frequent cleaning even with pure reductants, as the reductant can cake the inlet surface of the catalyst while the exhaust gas strea ...

See also:

Selective catalytic reduction, Selective catalytic reduction - Reductants, Selective catalytic reduction - Ammonia Slip, Selective catalytic reduction - Technical Problems

Read more here: » Selective catalytic reduction: Encyclopedia II - Selective catalytic reduction - Reductants

Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Selective catalytic reduction - Ammonia Slip

A common problem with all SCR systems is Ammonia slip. The term describes tailpipe emissions of Ammonia that occur when exhaust gas temperatures are too cold for the SCR Reaction to occur. Electronic Controller feed too much reductant into the exhaust gas stream for the amount of NOx. A variety of strategies have been developed to deal with Ammonia slip, including the fitting of extra catalysts after the SCR catalyst. ...

See also:

Selective catalytic reduction, Selective catalytic reduction - Reductants, Selective catalytic reduction - Ammonia Slip, Selective catalytic reduction - Technical Problems

Read more here: » Selective catalytic reduction: Encyclopedia II - Selective catalytic reduction - Ammonia Slip

Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Selective catalytic reduction - Technical Problems

The biggest issue with SCR is the necessity to tune the SCR system to the engine operating cycle. This requires running the engine through a simulation of the operating cycle of the machine it will be fitted to. The simulation can be run on an Engine Dyno, or on an actual piece of equipment during its normal work day (Datalogging). Even at best this tends to be inaccurate, as no two operators will use the equipment in the same way, and even when used for the same general purposes (i.e. a truck delivering goods to stores in a city) small diff ...

See also:

Selective catalytic reduction, Selective catalytic reduction - Reductants, Selective catalytic reduction - Ammonia Slip, Selective catalytic reduction - Technical Problems

Read more here: » Selective catalytic reduction: Encyclopedia II - Selective catalytic reduction - Technical Problems

Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Catalyst - Catalysts and reaction energetics

Catalysts enable reactions to occur much faster or at lower temperatures because of changes that they induce in the reactants. Catalysts provide an alternative pathway of lower activation energy, for a reaction to proceed whilst remaining chemically unchanged themselves. This can be observed on a Boltzmann distribution and energy profile diagram. This means that catalysts reduce the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction. Molecules that would not have had the energy to react or that have such low energies that they probably wou ...

See also:

Catalyst, Catalyst - Catalysts and reaction energetics, Catalyst - Types of catalysts, Catalyst - Poisoning a Catalyst, Catalyst - Commonly used catalysts

Read more here: » Catalyst: Encyclopedia II - Catalyst - Catalysts and reaction energetics

Catalytic converter: : Popular Pages Sitemap VIII - C

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Popular Pages Sitemap III, Popular Pages Sitemap IV, Popular Pages Sitemap VPopular Pages Sitemap VI, Popular Pages Sitemap VII, Popular Pages Sitemap VIII, Popular Pages Sitemap IX,

 

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Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Catalytic converter - Catalyst Poisoning

Catalytic converters become ineffective in the presence of lead due to catalyst poisoning, and the introduction of catalytic converters triggered the end of leaded gasoline. Catalyst poisoning occurs when a substance in the fuel or lube oil of the engine coats the surface of the catalyst, masking the precious metal deposits. Poisoning can sometimes be reversed by running the engine under a very heavy load for an extended period of time to raise exhaust gas temperature, which may cause liquefaction or sublimation of the catalyst poison. Commo ...

See also:

Catalytic converter, Catalytic converter - Purpose and function of catalytic converters, Catalytic converter - Catalyst Poisoning, Catalytic converter - Technical details, Catalytic converter - Oxygen Storage, Catalytic converter - Regulations, Catalytic converter - Patents

Read more here: » Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Catalytic converter - Catalyst Poisoning

Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Catalytic converter - Purpose and function of catalytic converters

A three-way catalytic converter has three simultaneous tasks: oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide: 2CO + O2 → 2CO2 reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen: NOx → O2 + N2 oxidation of hydrocarbons (unburnt fuel) to carbon dioxide and water: CxHy + nO2 → xCO2 + mH2O These three reactions are most balanced at the stoichiometric point, which is the mid-point between rich and ...

See also:

Catalytic converter, Catalytic converter - Purpose and function of catalytic converters, Catalytic converter - Catalyst Poisoning, Catalytic converter - Technical details, Catalytic converter - Oxygen Storage, Catalytic converter - Regulations, Catalytic converter - Patents

Read more here: » Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Catalytic converter - Purpose and function of catalytic converters

Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Catalytic converter - Purpose and function of catalytic converters

A three-way catalytic converter has three simultaneous tasks: oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide: 2CO + O2 → 2CO2 reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen: NOx → O2 + N2 oxidation of hydrocarbons (unburnt fuel) to carbon dioxide and water: CxHy + nO2 → xCO2 + mH2O These three reactions are most balanced at the stoichiometric point, which is the mid-point between rich and ...

See also:

Catalytic converter, Catalytic converter - Purpose and function of catalytic converters, Catalytic converter - Catalyst Poisoning, Catalytic converter - Technical details, Catalytic converter - Regulations, Catalytic converter - Patents

Read more here: » Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Catalytic converter - Purpose and function of catalytic converters

Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Catalytic converter - Regulations

Emissions regulations vary considerably from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, as do what engines are regulated. In North America any spark ignition engine of over 19 kW (25 hp) power output built later than January 1, 2004 probably has a three-way catalytic converter installed. In Japan a similar set of regulations will come into effect January 1, 2007, while the European Union has not acted as yet. Automobiles in North America have been fitted with catalytic converters since the early 1970s, and the technology being used in no ...

See also:

Catalytic converter, Catalytic converter - Purpose and function of catalytic converters, Catalytic converter - Catalyst Poisoning, Catalytic converter - Technical details, Catalytic converter - Regulations, Catalytic converter - Patents

Read more here: » Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Catalytic converter - Regulations

Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Catalytic converter - Catalyst Poisoning

Catalytic converters become ineffective in the presence of lead due to catalyst poisoning, and the introduction of catalytic converters triggered the end of leaded gasoline. Catalyst poisoning occurs when a substance in the fuel or lube oil of the engine coats the surface of the catalyst, masking the precious metal deposits. Poisoning can sometimes be reversed by running the engine under a very heavy load for an extended period of time to raise exhaust gas temperature, which may cause liquefaction or sublimation of the catalyst poison. Commo ...

See also:

Catalytic converter, Catalytic converter - Purpose and function of catalytic converters, Catalytic converter - Catalyst Poisoning, Catalytic converter - Technical details, Catalytic converter - Regulations, Catalytic converter - Patents

Read more here: » Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Catalytic converter - Catalyst Poisoning

Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Catalytic converter - Regulations

Emissions regulations vary considerably from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, as do what engines are regulated. In North America any spark ignition engine of over 19 kW (25 hp) power output built later than January 1, 2004 probably has a three-way catalytic converter installed. In Japan a similar set of regulations will come into effect January 1, 2007, while the European Union has not acted as yet. Automobiles in North America have been fitted with catalytic converters since the early 1970s, and the technology being used in no ...

See also:

Catalytic converter, Catalytic converter - Purpose and function of catalytic converters, Catalytic converter - Catalyst Poisoning, Catalytic converter - Technical details, Catalytic converter - Oxygen Storage, Catalytic converter - Regulations, Catalytic converter - Patents

Read more here: » Catalytic converter: Encyclopedia II - Catalytic converter - Regulations

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related to
Catalytic Converter



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